常规应用螺内酯联合依那普利治疗老年扩张型心肌病心力衰竭

目的评价螺内酯联合依那普利治疗老年人扩张型心肌病（DCM）心力衰竭的有效性和安全性。方法以148例老年DCM心力衰竭患者作研究对象,按随机化原则分为观察组（74例）和对照组（74例）。对照组为依那普利,加上基础用药（地高辛、双氢克尿噻）;观察组为对照组用药加上螺内酯。治疗6周后复查两组的动态心电图、超声心动图。结果治疗后两组的左室射血分数（LVEF）均有增加,左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）和左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）均有减少,24 h室性早搏（VA）数也均有减少;观察组与对照组比较,LVEF显著增加。两组均未发现高血钾及肝肾功能损害。结论在老年DCM心力衰竭常规用药的基础上,常规加用螺内酯联合依那普利的治疗有效、安全,可显著改善左室重构和防治猝死。     

Stability of the Defibrillation Probability Curve with the Development of Ventricular Dysfunction in the Canine Rapid Paced Model

Most patients with implantable defibrillators have diminished cardiac function. Progressive heart failure might impair defibrillation efficacy, leading to interpreted device, failure. This study sought to determine the effect of ventricular dysfunction on defibrillation energy using a biphasic endocardial system. Eleven dogs were ventricularly paced at 225 pulses/min for 2 weeks to induce ventricular dysfunction, and five control dogs remained unpaced. Dose response defibrillation probability curves were generated for each animal at baseline, after 2 weeks (at which time the pacemakers were turned off in the paced group), and then 1 week later. The defibrillation thresholds, ED₂₀, ED₅₀, and ED₈₀ (the 20%, 50%, and 80% effective defibrillation energies, respectively) were determined for each dog at each study. In the paced dogs, the mean ejection fraction fell from 55% to 25% after pacing (P < 0.0001), and rose to 46% after its discontinuation (P = 0.0002). The defibrillation threshold, ED20, ED₅₀, and ED80 remained unchanged in both the control and paced groups for all three studies, even after adjustment for dog weight or left ventricular mass. Rapid pacing produced no change in left ventricular mass. It induced ventricular cavity dilatation and wall thinning, which had opposing effects on defibrillation energy requirements, resulting in no net change of the ED₅₀ in heart failure. In conclusion, the defibrillation efficacy of a biphasic transvenous system is not changed by the development of heart failure using the rapid paced canine model.     

Quality of life on treatment with Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Results from the MDC trial

Summary Quality of life in heart failure patients is receiving increased attention as a reflection of a treatment's potential secondary benefit of general well-being and daily functioning. The Metoprolol in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (MDC) trial was conducted as a large, multicenter trial to establish the effects of metoprolol on mortality and need for heart transplantation in patients with symptomatic idiopathic cardiomyopathy. It was found that metoprolol was well tolerated, improved symptoms and cardiac function, and prevented clinical deterioration in patients with symptomatic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Quality of life was evaluated as a secondary endpoint in 345 out of 383 randomized patients using a disease-specific questionnaire, the Quality of Life in Heart Failure Questionnaire, depicting physical activity, somatic symptoms, emotions, and life satisfaction. In a comparison of patients treated with metoprolol or placebo, patients treated with metoprolol noted a significantly more favorable response than those treated with placebo in terms of the overall treatment evaluation (p<0.05). Additionally, an analysis of the changes from baseline to 18 months, using 95% confidence intervals, revealed that patients treated with metoprolol showed a significant improvement from baseline to 18 months in life satisfaction, physical activity, and the total score, while patients treated with placebo did not change at all. The improvement in quality of life was supported by the correlations with improvement in traditional clinical parameters.     

Preexcitation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case of a Fasciculoventricular Mahaim Fiber

STELLBRINK, C., et al .: Preexcitation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case of a Fasciculoventricular Mahaim Fiber . A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who presented with preexcitation pattern on the surface ECG suggestive of the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is described. Intracardiac electrophysiological study revealed a fixed anomalous QRS complex and a short fixed His-ventricular interval indicating a fasciculoventricular Mahaim fiber. As this specific form of accessory connection does not cause reentrant tachycardias, no treatment was required. It is important to distinguish this entity from atriofascicular or nodoventricular Mahaim fibers or the WPW syndrome in patients with HCM showing a preexcitation pattern in the surface ECG, as these may cause life-threatening arrhythmias in this patient population.     

病毒性心肌炎及扩张型心肌病患者心内膜心肌活检标本中免疫球蛋白的检测

对病理学确诊的25例病毒性心肌炎（VMC）和10例扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者心内膜心肌活检标本，运用ABC技术，进行了免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA和补体C3的检测。结果：20例VMC和9例DCM的标本中，发现了IgG和IgM的沉积，主要分布于心肌肌膜和毛细血管内皮，IgG的肌膜沉积与同步做的病理切片中观察到的心肌细胞坏死和炎性细胞浸润有病理形态学联系。两组患者中均未发现IgA和C3沉积。结果显示，IgG是参与VMC和DCM心肌损伤的主要免疫球蛋白，心肌病变与抗体诱导的免疫反应有关。     

缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠心肌MCP-1表达的影响

目的　研究缬沙坦对糖尿病大鼠心肌MCP -1表达的影响。方法　将Wistar大鼠随机分成三组 :正常对照组 (NC组 )、糖尿病模型组 (DM组 )、糖尿病模型 +缬沙坦治疗组 (DV组 ) ,用STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠模型 ,于 8周后用免疫组织化学的方法检测糖尿病大鼠和缬沙坦干预的糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中MCP -1的表达。结果　 8周时心肌组织中MCP -1的表达DM组明显高于DV组、NC组 (P <0 0 1) ,DV组明显高于NC组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　缬沙坦能显著减少糖尿病大鼠心肌组织中MCP -1的表达     

同种异体原位心脏移植成功3例报告

目的:总结分析3例同种异体原位心脏移植术的临床经验。方法:采用Shumway&Stanford方法对3例终末期扩张型心肌病病人行同种异体原位心脏移植术。其中1例伴有严重糖尿病和中度肺动脉高压,术前心跳骤停心肺复苏成功;1例极度肥胖,体重108kg(身高172cm);1例62岁高龄伴肾功能不全和中度肺动脉高压。供体均为脑死亡者,供心保护采用4℃改良StThomas液;术后免疫抑制治疗采用环孢素A、骁悉、强的松三联治疗,根据血环孢素浓度及心内膜活检调整环孢素A用量。结果:3例均康复,未发生术后超急性或急性排斥反应。例2术后出现一过性右心功能不全,经大量利尿和无创通气治疗,48h后完全恢复;例3术后并发急性肾功能衰竭和肺部感染,经连续肾脏替代(CRRT)和调整抗生素治疗痊愈。病人心功能均恢复正常。例1需长期胰岛素治疗糖尿病。3例均完全过上了正常人的生活,2例已恢复手术前工作。结论:同种异体原位心脏移植是治疗终末期心脏病的有效方法。     

小剂量倍他乐克治疗晚期扩张性心肌病疗效及安全性观察

目的 :评价小剂量倍他乐克治疗晚期扩张性心肌病 (DCM )的疗效及安全性。方法 :2 0例晚期扩张性心肌病患者 ,经充分抗心衰治疗后 ,按入院顺序 ,随机分为A组 (倍他乐克治疗组 )和B组 (常规治疗组 ) ,比较各组治疗前后及两组间临床指标及生活质量改善情况。结果 :两组临床症状、生活质量均较入院时明显改善。A组左室射血分数(LVEF)、6分钟步行距离 (D)较B组提高 ;心率 (HR) ,心率、平均动脉压 (MBp)乘积较B组下降 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;A组再住院率、住院日数较B组低 ,所有患者均能良好耐受倍他乐克 ,无心功能恶化。结论 :在充分使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 (ACEI)、利尿剂和洋地黄的基础上 ,采用小剂量倍他乐克治疗晚期扩张性心肌病 ,疗效及安全性均肯定     

Severe constrictive pericarditis as an unsuspected cause of death in a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome and restrictive cardiomyopathy

A 43-year-old man with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome survived a relatively long term (6 1/2 years) before he succumbed to intractable heart failure. Six months before death, his chronic heart failure from restrictive cardiomyopathy was well compensated. Autopsy demonstrated severe constrictive pericarditis which was not suspected antemortem. Constrictive pericarditis as a late complication of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is discussed.