Expanding pharmacist’s educational role using virtual and social media portals before and during COVID19 outbreak

BackgroundThere are many ways to raise public health awareness and recently, Social media networks (SMN) have played a big role in it. The study aims to assess SMN use for acquiring health care information and publics' perception of virtual encounters with pharmacists for health- related purposes; particularly in times of a pandemic crisis.MethodsA bi-phasic cross-sectional survey was distributed on 2017 and again during COVID-19 pandemic. both phases (phase 1) and (phase 2) respectively, were compared and analyzed.ResultsOn phase 1 and phase 2 we collected 566 and 409 respondents respectively. Most used SMNs in both phases were Twitter, Snapchat and Instagram. In both phases respondents preferred acquiring health care information by going physically to the hospital or pharmacy, however virtual interactions were only accepted by (14%) in phase 1 compared to (36%) in phase 2. Additionally, while only 15% said they would “definitely” reach a pharmacist virtually in phase 1, 50% said they would in phase 2. In phase 2, 90% follow the Saudi Ministry of Health website, while 41% follow verified doctors for acquiring medical health-care information. Virtual contact with a pharmacist was mostly (76%) for medical consultation.ConclusionThis study is the first to shed light on society's acceptance and perception of an innovative educational tool taken by the pharmacist through social media and virtual portals among the Saudi population in Jeddah. There's an opportunity for Medication Therapy Management (MTM), CMR, medication refill, and disease follow up that the pharmacist can take the lead in, if properly implemented. Future studies should look into safe and reliable ways to make use of SMNs as well as virtual tools to expand public health awareness especially in a highly technology dependent society.     

Digital microbiology

BackgroundDigitalization and artificial intelligence have an important impact on the way microbiology laboratories will work in the near future. Opportunities and challenges lie ahead to digitalize the microbiological workflows. Making efficient use of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in clinical microbiology requires a profound understanding of data handling aspects.ObjectiveThis review article summarizes the most important concepts of digital microbiology. The article gives microbiologists, clinicians and data scientists a viewpoint and practical examples along the diagnostic process.SourcesWe used peer-reviewed literature identified by a PubMed search for digitalization, machine learning, artificial intelligence and microbiology.ContentWe describe the opportunities and challenges of digitalization in microbiological diagnostic processes with various examples. We also provide in this context key aspects of data structure and interoperability, as well as legal aspects. Finally, we outline the way for applications in a modern microbiology laboratory.ImplicationsWe predict that digitalization and the usage of machine learning will have a profound impact on the daily routine of laboratory staff. Along the analytical process, the most important steps should be identified, where digital technologies can be applied and provide a benefit. The education of all staff involved should be adapted to prepare for the advances in digital microbiology.     

基于数字化病案的临床随访工作模式探讨

目的探讨基于数字化病案的临床随访工作模式。方法针对当前临床随访工作存在的问题进行现状分析,找出存在的问题。阐述数字化病案的特点及应用情况。在此基础上,探索临床随访的工作模式。结果提出了一种基于数字化病案的分布式临床随访工作模式。该模式在数字化病案的基础上建立统一的随访工作平台,随访工作以临床科室为主体,运用多种随访方式完成随访,并通过集成化管理、分析与应用构建完整的临床随访系统。结论在应用数字化病案的基础上,可以实施新的临床随访工作模式,从而更有效地开展工作。     

血细胞形态学信息编码标准化在数字化教学中的应用

目的探讨血细胞形态学信息编码标准化在数字化教学中的意义。方法采用通用的Client/Server模型,采用TCP/IP协议进行通信,利用Borland Delphi 7的Socket编程实现网络通信。创建血细胞形态学编码系统,便于信息的交换和共享。结果提高各教学医院/院校血细胞形态学教学系统之间信息共享的程度,对以后的血细胞形态学教育系统联网、远程教育等有显著的意义。结论创建血细胞形态学编码系统,能将血细胞形态学抽象的内容形象化、微观的事物宏观化、复杂的事物简约化,血细胞形态下教学适应现代科学迅猛发展的需要。     

数字化与虚拟现实技术在皮瓣移植中的应用

目的研究数字化与虚拟现实技术在股前外侧皮瓣解剖设计与可视化中的应用。方法①应用“虚拟中国人”男性3号数据集,在薄层断面图像上观察旋股外侧动脉的主要解剖结构,应用Amira 3．1 (TGS)软件对股前外侧皮瓣结构进行计算机三维重建并立体显示。②明胶一氧化铅混悬液灌注的新鲜成人下肢标本1具,行连续螺旋CT扫描,观测旋股外侧动脉分布及彼此间的吻合情况,应用Amira 3．1软件对股前外侧皮瓣结构进行计算机三维重建并立体显示。结果重建的数字化模型可准确反映股前外侧皮瓣的解剖学结构特点。结论重建的图像可以提供正常股前外侧皮瓣三维动态解剖,为临床教学术前皮瓣设计提供了直观的数字化解剖依据；同时可为下一步虚拟手术的设计奠定良好的基础。     

踝关节与跟骨骨折数字化虚拟可视重建的初步研究

目的探讨数字化虚拟可视技术在足踝部骨折建模及其临床应用的可行性与价值。方法利用“虚拟中国人”女1号及足踝部骨折患者CT扫描图像及其数据集，将数据导人相应软件，重建足踝部正常解剖结构的三维可视模型，选取踝关节骨折、跟骨骨折患者进行内固定手术的初步计算机模拟并立体显示。结果重建了足踝部正常解剖及踝关节、跟骨骨折的三维可视模型，准确反映出其解剖学特点、骨折移位的方向和程度，并可进行任意旋转、剖切等观察和操作，初步实现踝关节骨折内固定手术的计算机模拟。结论数字化虚拟可视技术的应用可以提供三维解剖模型，可能为足踝部骨折的数字化分型、临床诊治方式的选择与改进等提供更为精准的解剖学及影像学依据。     

数字化金属激光烧结烤瓷桥在修复失败再治疗中的临床研究

目的 研究数字化金属激光烧结（DMLS）烤瓷桥对牙列缺损固定桥修复失败再治疗的临床修复效果。方法 选择我院就诊的后牙牙列缺损固定桥失败患者24例72个单位修复体,拆除原修复体后,针对病因完善治疗基牙后,随机分为2组,研究组患者采用数字化激光烧结烤瓷桥修复,对照组采用传统铸造烤瓷桥修复。根据改良式Ryge标准分别评价2组修复体的就位情况、边缘适合性、基牙颊侧冠边缘色泽,并在患者修复后3个月和6个月复查修复体完整性及修复体周围牙龈状况等评价分级,对2组修复体评价结果统计分析。结果 研究组修复体在就位的准确性、基牙边缘适合性及3个月和6个月后基牙牙龈状况均优于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组修复体基牙冠颊侧边缘色泽,3个月和6个月的完整性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 数字化激光烧结的金属烤瓷桥在临床就位、边缘适合性及修复后牙龈状况方面优于传统铸造金属烤瓷桥,值得临床推广应用。     

全数字化乳腺摄影在乳腺病变中的临床应用价值

目的探讨全数字化乳腺摄影(FFDM)在乳腺病变中的临床应用价值。资料与方法搜集经手术病理证实有完整临床资料的乳腺病变共102例,所有患者均行FFDM,结合病理进行影像学分析。结果 102例乳腺病变中乳腺癌31例,乳腺良性病变71例。临床触及肿块者63例,未触及肿块者39例。影像表现为肿块80例,单纯成簇微小钙化4例,结构紊乱并粗长毛刺2例,结构紊乱并微小钙化1例,局部片状致密影14例,无明显影像表现1例。FFDM对乳腺癌诊断敏感性为90.3%,特异性为94.4%,准确性为93.1%。结论 FFDM能清晰显示乳腺病变的X线征象,尤其能够显示乳腺癌的主要X线征象,为临床早期诊断乳腺病变创造了条件,尤其对临床未触及肿块的早期乳腺癌具有重要的临床价值。     

Three-dimensional digitalized virtual planning for retrograde sural neurovascular island flaps: a comparative study

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of three-dimensional (3D) digitalized planning for the sural neurovascular island flap in repair of soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot.

Methods

This study included 40 patients with soft tissue defects of the ankle and foot who underwent soft tissue reconstruction between October 2008 and June 2012. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: 3D-reconstruction group (Group A, n = 20) and control group (Group B, n = 20). Three-dimensional, digitalized virtual planning was performed in the patients in Group A, who underwent computed topographic angiography. The survival rate, operation time, and surgical accuracy were compared between the two groups.

Results

All flaps in Group A survived and the recipient site primarily healed, but 4 flaps in Group B had marginal necrosis after the operation. During the 6–12 month follow-up period, all flaps in Group A had good skin quality. In Group B, hard scarring and mild contracture occurred in 4 cases, and the patients experienced pain when walking. The survival rate of the flap in Group A (100%) was significantly higher than in Group B (70%). The operation time in Group A was significantly less than in Group B. The surgical accuracy in Group A was significantly better than in Group B.

Conclusion

The preoperative use of 3D digitalized virtual planning for the sural neurovascular island flap improves the surgical accuracy, decreases the operation time, and increases the survival rate of the flap.

Clinical question/level of evidence

Therapeutic III.     

普通话言语测听材料的数字化录制与等价性分析

目的：对已经编制并通过初步等价性测试的普通话言语测听材料（MSTM）进行数字化录制，并进行第2次等价性测试和分析，为全面推广和进一步的多中心试验做准备。方法：根据第1次等价性测试的结果调整词表内容，增加练习用表。按照国际标准数字化录制所有材料，最后形成3张CD。每张CD均含有校准纯音、练习表、测试表。测试了60名青年正常听力受试者，单音节词、双音节词和句表的给声强度不尽相同。结果：统计分析后得到了具有等价性的两套单音节词表（每套9表）、9张双音节词表和27张句表。临床应用中如果不需要如此多的词表，可以选用最具有等价性的词表、句表用于同一（组）受试者。结论：具有等价性的普通话言语测听词表已经制备成CD，可以直接提供临床应用。