在线考试系统设计

作为评价网络学习效果的一个环节，网上考试越来越被人们接受和认同。文章介绍了在线考试系统的功能和结构，并对该考试系统中所用到的关键技术进行了详细的介绍，包括系统的通用性和安全性、题库的建设和管理、随机组卷算法等。     

数字图像分析在面部整形中的应用

将数字图像分析、模拟技术应用于隆鼻术及烧伤后口唇畸形的整复中，通过测量分析，在术前模拟出术后的面部图像，并输出手术数据，在医生及患者认可后，指导手术进行，否则，继续图像的修改，在手术允许的范围内，直到医、患双方认可。力求美容手术精确化、定量化及图像化并就如何应用数字图像技术于畸形整复进行了探讨     

胃镜检查与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的初步探讨

本文用前瞻性连续检测方法，对２６９例患者作胃粘膜ＨＰ检测，且同步对消毒前后的胃镜、有关器械和操作者手套采样，作ＨＰ检测。结果发现，消毒前镜端（含弯曲部）、活检钳、清洁刷、器械管道插口和操作者手套采样标本的ＨＰ阳性率分别达６９．５１％、７３．６０％、８１．６２％、８７．７３％和９７．７２％。目前常规的清洗消毒虽能清除ＨＰ对胃镜的大部分污染，但还存在一些易忽视的环节，这可能在检查中引起医源性感染，应予高度重视。     

Interobserver variation in the evaluation of neurological signs: observer dependent factors.

Introduction - Interobserver variation among four observers in evaluation of eight selected neurological signs was investigated. Material & methods - Two hundred and two consecutive unselected inpatients were examined by two senior neurologists and two trainees, all without knowledge of the neurological case history. The signs examined were: anisocoria, jerky eye movements, facial palsy, elbow extension force, finger-nose test, Barré sign, knee jerk, and extensor plantar reflex. Observed agreement rates and kappa coefficients were calculated in order to compare the interobserver variability among neurologists and trainees, and to evaluate differences in the interobserver variability between signs. Results - Observed agreement rates varied from 0.80 to 0.95 for neurologists and from 0.65 to 0.98 for trainees. For neurologists kappa coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.67 and for trainees from 0.22 to 0.81. The neurologists had higher kappa values than the trainees in 5 signs, but this difference was only statistically significant for jerky eye movements. For the individual signs the observed agreement rates were between 0.50 and 0.93 for all four examiners combined, and overall kappa values varied from 0.32 to 0.71 with highest agreement for facial palsy and lowest for knee jerk. Conclusion - The magnitude of the interobserver and intersign variation indicates that the interpretation of the neurological signs tested, without knowledge of the case history, should be done with some caution.     

Anal metastasis from carcinoma of the lung: Report of a case

We report herein the case of a 75-year-old man who developed anal canal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Initially, he underwent a right middle and lower lobectomy combined with left atrial wall resection under cardiopulmonary bypass. He presented 3 months later with an anal polyp which had prolapsed and bled, for which he underwent a transanal polypectomy. Histologically, the polyp was classified as squamous cell carcinoma and considered to be a metastasis from the primary lung cancer. He is presently well with no signs of recurrence 9 months after his initial operation. To our knowledge, there has been no other case of anal metastasis from lung cancer ever reported.     

CO2激光治疗肛肠科疾病300例的报告

本文对３００例肛肠疾病采用ＣＯ_２激光治疗，治愈率为９４．３３％，一次切割完成，不需止血缝合，一般７－１５天痊愈，疗效明显优于其它治疗方法。     

略论广东农村自学考试发展

高等教育自学考试是我国高等教育的重要组成部分 ,面向农村的自学考试事关我国“三农问题”、全民教育、加速实现“小康”的大局 ,其意义重大 ,任务艰巨。文章回顾了我国及广东省自学考试 2 0多年来的发展历程 ;分析了造成当前广东省农村自学考试面临困境的多种因素 ;探讨了加快广东省面向农村自学考试创新发展的途径。     

Digital sonomicrometer system for measuring small vascular diametersin situ

Although present sonomicrometer techniques for measuring continuous changes in vascular diameter are very useful, two problems with available methods are difficulty in maintaining crystal alignment throughout an acute experiment and inability to measure absolute dimensions less than 1 mm. We have designed and ultrasonic dimension gauge system to over come these problems. The design uses a gate to pass a 20 MHz signal to a counter during the sonic travel time between crystals, and then converts the digital count to an analogue voltage. Interference from the transmitting impulse in the received signal was minimised using MOSFET transistors allowing measurements of absolute dimensions from 0.00 mm to 99.9 mm. An averaging effect which depends upon the asynchrony between the basic timer and the counter clock results in a resolution of at least 10 μm. Repeated calibration curves showed an accuracy of 2.5 μm without significant bias. Piezoelectric crystals were mounted to a lighweight stainless-steel clip to facilitate attachment to the vessel and to maintain the crystals in focus during changes in diameter. Mean and phasic diameters measured in the femoral artery with the clip device correlated well with measurements obtained with crystals sewn to the adventitia of the femoral artery of the dog (slope =0.97, r=0.99).     

口服法小肠气钡双对比造影对小肠疾病的影像诊断

目的:探讨口服法小肠双对比造影检查及病变表现特点。方法:辅以高、低张药物,口服80%(w/v)硫酸钡200ml加经肛门逆行注入空气2000ml进行小肠双对比造影检查,显示双对比小肠影像。结果:147次小肠造影检查中118例成功地用该方法进行小肠双对比造影检查,成功率80.27%,年龄14岁至69岁,平均34.3岁。118例中阳性32例,阳性显现率27.12%,病理证实的25例,占阳性病例的78.13%。不能应用高、低张药物和逆行注气失败的共29例,占19.73%。小肠肿瘤、Crohn's病、Meckel's憩室和回肠末段淋巴滤泡增生症小肠疾病的双对比影像具有特征性表现。结论:(1)此法小肠双对比造影检查简便易行,适合各类有电视X线机的放射科开展。(2)小肠病变在双对比影像上表现特征明显,易于诊断。(3)不能应用高、低张药物和肛门括约肌松弛的患者用此法检查将受到限制。     

Does work with visual display units impair visual activities after work?

It is well established that visual display unit (VDU) operators complain of visual fatigue and visual stress during after-work hours. The present study was divided into two parts. In the first part, standard eye examinations were performed on a group of VDU workers (n = 32) and a control group (n = 15); those subjects who were found to have correct vision (n = 16 and 13, respectively) participated in the second part. The eye examinations revealed that on the average, the VDU workers suffered more than twice as many visual impairments as the controls. In those with correct vision, the near point of accommodation was measured at the beginning of the workday at the start of the week, and at the end of the workday, four days later. In the VDU group, the decrease in accommodation was uniformally distributed between zero and 1.0 diopter, whereas among the non-VDU workers, 77% of the decrease was between zero and 0.25 diopter. The dynamic range of accommodation in the VDU workers on the second examination was smaller than on the first. We conclude that some of the visual stress and visual fatigue that developed at work hindered visual activities after work.