中国小学生基本数学能力发展水平现状抽样研究

目的探讨不同地区儿童数学能力发展水平的差异，以期从多层次、多角度为发展基础教育提供一定的理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样，在中国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市的城区与农村抽取样本分别为9180例和7936例。结果不同地区儿童的数学能力发展不平衡，华东、华中地区的学生数学能力测试成绩相对较好，而西南地区的学生数学能力相对偏低，组间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论应努力提高少数名族地区的经济、文化水平，缩小地区差异，为孩子们的发展提供一个良好的教育环境。     

The isolated salivary duct as a model for electrolyte transport studies

Summary An approximately 1 cm length of the main excretory duct of the rabbit submaxillary gland is dissected free from the animal and transferred to a lucite perfusion chamber containing rabbit serum. The ends of the duct are mounted over a pair of capillaries so that the duct could be perfused through one capillary while samples are collected from the other. A special multibarrelled perfusion system allowed intraluminal current application and transepithelial voltage recording. Both sides of the duct epithelium were bathed with continuously flowing solutions, which could be rapidly exchanged.Net Na⁺ transport across the isolated duct is as great as net Na⁺ transport in vivo. Net Na⁺ reabsorption ranges from 380 to 600 neq/min·cm², and net K⁺ secretion is 13 to 26 neq/min·cm². Cation transport is maintained stable during a 3 h period, and thereafter slowly decreases. During perfusion with bicarbonate Ringer's solution, the mean transepithelial electrical potential difference is 17±3 mV (lumen negative). During sodium sulfate perfusion the duct epithelium generates a p.d. of up to 185 mV. Using cable analysis, the specific electrical resistance of the duct epithelium was determined to be 11.2±1.6 cm². Since the duct epithelium shows a linear current-voltage relation, the short-circuit-current can be calculated from the open-circuit-p.d. and the specific wall resistance during perfusion with bicarbonate Ringer's solution. A value of 1.5±0.3 mA/cm² is obtained, which is primarily accounted for by active transport of sodium.     

银翘散血清药物化学研究

目的对银翘散的血清药物化学进行研究。方法建立银翘散及灌胃银翘散的大鼠血清的HPLC指纹色谱分析方法;分析银翘散给药后及未给药所得血清样品与其体外银翘散和单味生药的成分比较,鉴定灌胃银翘散后大鼠血中移行成分、来源生药及其代谢产物。结果从灌胃银翘散的大鼠血中发现了15个入血成分,其中3个为新产生的代谢产物;12个成分为银翘散所含成分的原型,其中有一成分是来自金银花中的绿原酸。结论运用保留时间相对偏差为谱峰来源,对银翘散可作定性分析。     

三种国产乙型肝炎病毒基因荧光定量试剂检测结果分析

目的:探讨上海复星、深圳匹基、上海科华三种国产乙型肝炎病毒基因(HBV-DNA)荧光定量试剂的临床检测结果相互之间是否存在差异。方法:将相同的标本分别用三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂进行HBV-DNA荧光定量测定。然后再对检测结果进行对比,分析相互之间是否存在差异。结果:23例已知的慢性乙型肝炎患者标本,3例已知正常标本分别用三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂进行HBV-DNA定量检测,结果显示三种国产试剂的HBV-DNA定量检测结果相互之间差异小于一个数量级占91.4%,大于一个数量级小于二个数量级的占8.6%,经统计学分析差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:上述三种国产HBV-DNA荧光定量试剂在同一套设备上的检测结果相互之间差异很小,有很好的准确度,它们的检测结果可以相互进行比较。     

模糊子集的相关及差异在医学数据处理中的应用

本文在模糊子集相关系数基础上，给出了模糊子集差异系数的概念。并分别定出了相关性和差异性的判别标准，最后，用实例说明了对实验数据进行相关性和差异显著性检验的具体步骤。     

70例大学生血液流变指标检测与分析

利用中国科学院传感技术公司产血液流变学测试仪（其中血液粘度计为旋转同轴圆筒式），对７０名大学生的血液流变指标进行测试，给出测试结果的男女平均值，并对其进行比较分析，结果表明：红细胞压积，血沉指标男女有显著性差异；全血还原粘度等其它指标男女无显著性差异     

Beyond barriers: The challenge of cultural diversity for nurse academics in the Australian context

In spite of the increasing significance of cultural diversity for nursing, some Australian nurse teachers are not well prepared for the challenges they face, nor have nursing curricula been re-conceptualized to meet the changing needs of society and more specifically nursing students.Although numerous teaching and learning programmes for inclusion of diversity are reported in the literature, both within Australia and overseas, there appears to be little commitment to the adoption of a more fundamental change in curricula and teaching and learning practices. In particular there appears to be little attention to how teachers negotiate meaningful social dynamics within multicultural learning contexts.This article reports on the findings of a study carried out across two Schools of Nursing in Australia. The purpose of the study was to explore why schools have been reluctant to move to more culturally diverse models of teaching and learning. This paper reports on the findings of focus groups with teachers about their experiences of teaching in the context of cultural diversity.Study findings explore teachers’ perceptions of cultural diversity and its impact on teaching and learning nursing. Teachers reported a range of tensions arising from lack of a shared philosophical view about curricula generally, lack of consideration of diversity as a significant issue for both teachers and students, limited perceptions of community as a key driver of curricula and a reluctance to address the difficult and contentious issues arising from diversity in the classroom.     

1000例健康人椎动脉血流量及血流参数左右差超声多普勒检测研究

目的：建立椎动脉血流量及血流参数左右差大样本正常值。方法：应用超声多普勒诊断仪检测１０００例健康人双侧椎动脉，用ＳＡＳ统计分析软件计算。结果：正常人椎动脉血流量右侧１３０．４７±５６．１０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，左侧１６４．２１±６３．５４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，双侧血流量总和２９３．７０±８０．７４ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；血流参数左右差正常值按男、女分老、中、青三组。结论：椎动脉血流量和血流参数左右差为临床判断椎动脉血流动力学变化提供了有价值的客观依据     

性别差异对动物外科打结教学结果的影响及原因探讨

目的探讨性别差异对动物外科打结教学结果的影响及原因。方法选择2005级医学一系、救援专业、麻醉专业和七年制临床专业学习《动物外科学》的学生,运用CS10．35统计软件对数据进行分析,两组问比较采用两独立样本的t检验。结果临床医学五年制、临床医学七年制、救援医学、麻醉医学4个专业打结操作结果的统计学处理均有显著差别（P〈0．05）。结论影响男女学生动物外科打结操作考试结果的因素为多方面的,但平时是否有足量的打结练习对考试结果影响更为重要。     

不同工作日护士锐器伤发生率的差异

目的:比较不同工作日护士锐器伤发生率的差异,并分析其原因,从而采取针对性的护理措施来降低锐器伤的发生。方法:调查周一、周四和周六,3个工作日中护士锐器伤的发生情况(周一医院工作较为繁忙,周四代表了普通的工作日,周六是大多数人的休息日,周六值班可能会对护士产生一定的影响)。在同济大学附属上海肺科医院选定20个科室,用问卷调查的方式,在调查日内每天在每个科室发放6份问卷(每天共发放120份问卷),分别调查这3d发生刺伤的人数,并对这3d的刺伤率通过χ2检验进行比较分析。结果:周一和周六刺伤发生率高于周四,而周一与周六的刺伤发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:周一和周六是锐器伤高发的工作日,护理管理者要针对锐器伤高发的不同原因采取不同的护理干预措施,以降低锐器伤的发生率。