Ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumors: radiologic findings in six cases

Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are characterized by the expression of c-KIT (antigen CD 117) and are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. An important complication, although infrequently described in the literature, is the rupture of these tumors with accompanying hemoperitoneum. Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of the clinical history and radiologic records of 23 patients with a diagnosis of GIST and anatomopathologic and immunohistochemical confirmation at our hospital between 1999 and 2004. Results In five cases there was rupture of the primary tumor (four gastric and one jejunal). In all five cases ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations showed a heterogenic tumor of laminated or whirled appearance, associated with echogenic or dense ascites. No relation was found between histologic criteria of malignancy and the rupture. Four patients underwent surgical intervention, three of them urgently. Two of five patients died. There was a sixth case with rupture of a hepatic metastasis, with accompanying hemoperitoneum and subcapsular hematoma. This patient died at 3 months, after recurrence of bleeding. Conclusions The finding of a heterogeneous tumor of laminated or whirled appearance associated with ascites with characteristics compatible with hemoperitoneum in an appropriate context must lead to a suspicion of the existence of a ruptured GIST.     

禽流感现场消毒演练中发现的问题与改进效果观察

目的考察卫生防疫部门对禽流感现场消毒处理能力和效果,找出存在问题,以便改进。方法按疫源地消毒要求,进行了实际操作演练。结果库存的15台背负式消毒喷雾器,有4台各出现机械故障,不能使用;所使用的99洗消净有效成分含量测定结果明显低于标签标示值。演练时部分消毒人员对消毒剂的配制浓度和使用剂量把握不准确。第1次演练的消毒合格率为83.8%(201/240)。经过培训消毒员、维修喷雾器和更换消毒剂,第2次演练的消毒合格率为100%(240/240)。结论经过禽流感现场消毒演练,发现了问题,消毒处理合格率比较低;经实施相应的改进对策,再一次演练取得了良好的结果。     

血游离甲状腺激素测定对甲亢的诊断价值

作者用放免法测定了57例甲亢患者血中游离甲状腺激素(FT_3、FT_4)水平,并与总甲状腺激素(TT_3、TT_4)测定结果进行了比较。结果表明:FT_3诊断符合率达100％,FT_3及FT_4升高的幅度比TT_3及TT_4大,对TT_3及TT_4升高不明显或在正常高限的病人,测FT_3及FT_4有诊断价值;对不典型甲亢的诊断及甲亢治疗期代谢控制情况的判断,FT_3及FT_4优于TT_3及TT_4。     

结核菌素抗体对儿童结核病的诊断价值

目的评价体液结核菌素(PPD)抗体在小儿结核病中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析126例行PPD检查的住院患儿,其中确诊结核病22例。利用临床流行病学方法分别计算体液PPD抗体检测对结核病的特异性、敏感性、似然比、预测值及不同患病率下的验后概率。结果体液PPD抗体检测对小儿结核病的敏感性和特异性分别为45．45％和 91．35％,阳性和阴性似然比分别为5．25和0．597,阳性预测值为52．63％,阴性预测值为88．79％。患病率为15％时,验后概率为48．09％。结论体液PPD检测对小儿结核病的诊断价值有限,临床医师应谨慎对待体液 PPD检测阳性结果,其诊断价值与所处医院患儿结核病患病率有关。     

Relationship between quality of life and self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injuries

Middleton J, Tran Y, Craig A. Relationship between quality of life and self-efficacy in persons with spinal cord injuries.

Objective

To study the interaction between quality of life in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and expectations of daily living (self-efficacy) and pain.

Design

Cross-sectional study with multiple independent measures.

Setting

Home survey.

Participants

Included 106 persons with SCI of 12 months or more in duration who were living in the community and had enrolled from past admission lists in a rehabilitation unit.

Intervention

Participants received no treatments as part of the study but were asked to complete 2 questionnaires by postal survey in their postrehabilitation stage.

Main Outcome Measures

The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale.

Results

Persons with SCI were found to have lowered quality of life (QOL) compared with the Australian general population. Low self-efficacy and pain intensity were found to reduce QOL across all SF-36 domains even further. Factors such as completeness of lesion, sex, age at time of injury, and time since injury were not associated with reduced QOL. Tetraplegia was associated with lower QOL in physical functioning and greater limitation due to bodily pain. A combination of low self-efficacy and pain intensity was associated with an increased reduction in QOL compared with reductions seen for these factors by themselves.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation strategies may need to concentrate on improving QOL by targeting factors like low self-efficacy.     

Common data elements for posttraumatic stress disorder research

Kaloupek DG, Chard KM, Freed MC, Peterson AL, Riggs DS, Stein MB, Tuma F. Common data elements for posttraumatic stress disorder research.An expert work group with 7 members was formed under the cosponsorship of 5 U.S. federal agencies to identify common data elements for research related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The work group reviewed both previous and contemporary measurement standardization efforts for PTSD research and engaged in a series of electronic and live discussions to address a set of predefined aims. Eight construct domains relevant to PTSD were identified: (1) traditional demographics, (2) exposure to stressors and trauma, (3) potential stress moderators, (4) trauma assessment, (5) PTSD screening, (6) PTSD symptoms and diagnosis, (7) PTSD-related functioning and disability, and (8) mental health history. Measures assigned to the core data elements category have relatively low time-and-effort costs in order to make them potentially applicable across a wide range of studies for which PTSD is a relevant condition. Measures assigned to the supplemental data elements category have greater costs but generally demonstrate stronger psychometric performance and provide more extensive information. Accordingly, measures designated as supplemental are recommended instead of or in addition to corresponding core measures whenever resources and study design allow. The work group offered 4 caveats that highlight potential limitations and emphasize the voluntary nature of standardization for PTSD-related measurement.     

鼠神经生长因子治疗前部缺血性视神经病变的临床疗效

目的:探讨鼠神经生长因子(NGF)治疗前部缺血性视神经病变(AION)的临床疗效。方法:AION的患者68例(70眼),随机分为对照组及NGF组。2组均给予AION基础治疗,NGF组在此基础上予以鼠NGF肌肉注射治疗,疗程4周。观察并比较2组临床疗效,视力、视野及视觉诱发电位P100波潜伏期改善情况,及对视乳头周围神经纤维厚度的影响。结果:治疗后,NGF组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P0.05)。2组视野平均偏差均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),NGF组视力提高行数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。NGF组P100波潜伏期较治疗前明显缩短,且显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前2组神经纤维平均厚度均增加,高于正常值(98.25±8.49)μm(P0.05);治疗后,2组均较治疗前厚度减小,NGF组高于对照组,且对照组低于正常值(98.25±8.49)μm(均P0.05)。结论:鼠NGF治疗AION有效,对视力、视野的改善,视觉诱发电位的恢复及减轻视乳头周围神经纤维的萎缩具有良好的作用。     

Chronic Pain,Psychopathology, and DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder

Unlike acute pain that warns us of injury or disease, chronic or persistent pain serves no adaptive purpose. Though there is no agreed on definition of chronic pain, it is commonly referred to as pain that is without biological value, lasting longer than the typical healing time, not responsive to treatments based on specific remedies, and of a duration greater than 6 months. Chronic pain that is severe and intractable has detrimental consequences, including psychological distress, job loss, social isolation, and, not surprisingly, it is highly comorbid with depression and anxiety. Historically, pain without an apparent anatomical or neurophysiological origin was labelled as psychopathological. This approach is damaging to the patient and provider alike. It pollutes the therapeutic relationship by introducing an element of mutual distrust as well as implicit, if not explicit, blame. It is demoralizing to the patient who feels at fault, disbelieved, and alone. Moreover, many medically unexplained pains are now understood to involve an interplay between peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms that have gone awry. The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, somatic symptom disorder overpsychologizes people with chronic pain; it has low sensitivity and specificity, and it contributes to misdiagnosis, as well as unnecessary stigma. Adjustment disorder remains the most appropriate, accurate, and acceptable diagnosis for people who are overly concerned about their pain.     

重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞刺激因子联合重组表皮生长因子治疗儿童急性白血病化疗性口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效分析

目的　回顾性分析重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）含漱联合重组表皮生长因子喷涂治疗儿童急性白血病化疗引起的口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析2021年9月至2022年4月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院第二小儿血液内科107例次急性白血病化疗后并发口腔黏膜炎的患儿资料,按rhGM-CSF与重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子（rh-aFGF）联合应用与否分为联合治疗组和单独治疗组,联合治疗组共51例次,单独治疗组共56例次。联合治疗组将rhGM-CSF 100ug加入氯化钠注射液250 mL,冷藏保存,每日含漱6次（分别于三餐前后各1次）,再予外用rh-aFGF喷涂口腔黏膜破溃处,每日3次。单独治疗组的56例患儿仅用rh-aFGF喷涂口腔黏膜破溃处,每日3次。从患儿发生口腔黏膜炎即开始应用治疗药物至口腔黏膜炎愈合,比较两组患儿治疗口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效、口腔黏膜炎愈合时间,以及药物不良反应的发生情况。结果　联合治疗组患儿有效率明显高于单独治疗组（84% vs 68%,P=0.047）,联合治疗组患儿口腔溃疡愈合时间明显缩短,联合治疗组（4.80±2.73）d,单独治疗组（9.04±2.81）d,（P<0.01）,治疗期间无不良反应发生。结论　对于儿童急性白血病并发化疗性口腔黏膜炎,应用rhGM-CSF含漱联合rh-aFGF喷涂的方式治疗疗效显著,有效缓解疼痛,缩短治愈时间,有推广价值。