肿瘤相关抗原抗体联合检测在肺癌早期诊断中的价值评价

目的：对肿瘤相关抗原（tumor—associated antigen，TAA）抗体联合检测用于肺癌诊断的价值进行评价。方法：利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测肺癌患者血清和正常血清中8种TAA抗体，并进一步利用流行病学方法对各抗原检测结果进行评价。结果：每种抗原检测结果单独进行判断时，灵敏度都偏低。对8种TAA进行不同的组合，结果随着抗原种类的增多，灵敏度随之增加，8种抗原联合检测的灵敏度达到了64．3％，特异度达到了86．2％，阳性预测值88．7％，阴性预测值58．8％，提示8种抗原组合检测肺癌时大大提高了诊断的质量；阳性似然比4．66，说明8种抗原联合检测肺癌的临床诊断价值较高；kappa值0．46，提示该试验诊断结果与真实值之间中度一致。结论：利用8种TAA抗体联合检测肺癌，具有较高的真实性，为现场高危人群的筛检和临床中肺癌的早期诊断提供了一种新方法。     

显微镜下多血管炎16例临床病理分析

目的:探讨显微镜下多血管炎(M PA)的临床和病理特征,为早期诊断提供依据。方法:对16例临床确诊的M PA病人的临床、病理改变进行回顾性分析。结果:M PA在临床表现,实验室检查,辅助检查及病理活检等方面各有特点。病理活检有诊断价值,P-ANCA/抗M PO抗体阳性对诊断M PA有特异性。结论:M PA是一种可累及多个器官的全身性疾病,临床表现复杂多样且无特异性,对可疑病人及时行病理活检和(或)ANCA测定可帮助早期诊断。     

诊断性宫腔镜对临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者腹水细胞学及预后的影响

目的：探讨临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者使用诊断性宫腔镜的安全性,是否增加腹水细胞学的阳性率及对预后的影响.方法：回顾性分析本院52例术前官腔镜诊断为临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,了解术中腹水细胞学检查、手术方式、手术病理分期等,随访预后.结果：宫腔镜距离开腹手术的平均时间间隔是36天（5～82天）,腹水细胞学阳性率2/52（3.8%）,平均生存时间81个月（9～130个月）,5年生存率91.5%.结论：诊断性宫腔镜未增加临床Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者阳性腹水细胞学的风险,亦未对预后造成不良影响.     

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A real diagnostic challenge

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rare syndrome described in recent decades. There are slightly over 30 published cases in the English language literature, primarily associated with renal and hematological disease activity. Its presentation and evolution are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. We present four cases of intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to lupus in young Mexican females. One patient had a previous diagnosis of SLE and all presented with a urinary tract infection of varying degrees of severity during their evolution. We consider that recognition of the disease is of vital importance because it allows for establishing appropriate management, leading to a better prognosis and avoiding unnecessary surgery and complications.     

血清可溶性CD44检测对急性髓系白血病的诊断分型价值研究

目的探讨血清可溶性CD44(solCD44)检测对于急性髓系白血病(AML)的临床诊断分型价值。方法选取2014年1月至2016年1月该院血液科收治的AML患者80例,包括初诊31例、复发24例、缓解25例。同期健康体检者40例为对照组。检测比较各组患者的血清solCD44std、solCD44v5、solCD44v6水平变化。结果 AML患者的血清solCD44s、solCD44v5、solCD44v6水平在初诊、复发组中显著高于缓解组及对照组(P0.05),而缓解组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);不同FAB分型(M1+M2)、M3、M4、M5的血清solCD44std、solCD44v5、solCD44v6水平比较差异有统计学意义,且M3型显著高于非M3型(P0.05)。结论血清solCD44尤其是solCD44std水平与AML患者病情活动变化密切相关,可作为AML的诊断分型、预后判断及复发预测的血清学参考指标。     

Early life Adversity,functional connectivity and cognitive performance in Schizophrenia: The mediating role of IL-6

ObjectiveExposure to childhood trauma (CT) is associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and deficits in social cognition in particular. Here, we sought to test whether IL-6 mediated the association between CT and social cognition both directly, and sequentially via altered default mode network (DMN) connectivity.MethodsThree-hundred-and-eleven participants (104 patients and 207 healthy participants) were included, with MRI data acquired in a subset of n = 147. CT was measured using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). IL-6 was measured in both plasma and in toll like receptor (TLR) stimulated whole blood. The CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) was administered to assess social cognition, and cortical connectivity was assessed based on resting DMN connectivity.ResultsHigher IL-6 levels, measured both in plasma and in toll-like receptor (TLR-2) stimulated blood, were significantly correlated with higher CTQ scores and lower cognitive and social cognitive function. Plasma IL-6 was further observed to partly mediate the association between higher CT scores and lower emotion recognition performance (CTQ total: β_indirect −0.0234, 95% CI: −0.0573 to −0.0074; CTQ physical neglect: β_indirect = −0.0316, 95% CI: −0.0741 to −0.0049). Finally, sequential mediation was observed between plasma IL-6 levels and DMN connectivity in mediating the effects of higher CTQ on lower social cognitive function (β_indirect = −0.0618, 95% CI: −0.1523 to −0.285).ConclusionThis work suggests that previous associations between CT and social cognition may be partly mediated via an increased inflammatory response. IL-6′s association with changes in DMN activity further suggest at least one cortical network via which CT related effects on cognition may be transmitted.     

Novel point-of-care biomarker combination tests to differentiate acute bacterial from viral respiratory tract infections to guide antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review

BackgroundAcute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common reason to seek medical care, with many patients receiving inappropriate antibiotics. Novel testing approaches to identify aetiology at the point-of-care are required to accurately guide antibiotic treatment.ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of biomarker combinations to rapidly differentiate between acute bacterial or viral RTI aetiology.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched to February 2021.Study eligibility criteriaDiagnostic accuracy studies comparing accuracy of point-of-care and rapid diagnostic tests in primary or secondary care, consisting of biomarker combinations, to identify bacterial or viral aetiology of RTI.MethodsRisk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Sensitivity and specificity of tests reported by more than one study were meta-analysed using a random effects model.ResultsTwenty observational studies (3514 patients) were identified. Eighteen were judged at high risk of bias. For bacterial aetiologies, sensitivity ranged from 61% to 100% and specificity from 18% to 96%. For viral aetiologies, sensitivity ranged from 59% to 97% and specificity from 74% to 100%. Studies evaluating two commercial tests were meta-analysed. For ImmunoXpert, the summary sensitivity and specificity were 85% (95% CI 75%–91%, k = 4) and 86% (95% CI 73%–93%, k = 4) for bacterial infections, and 90% (95% CI 79%–96%, k = 3) and 92% (95% CI 83%–96%, k = 3) for viral infections, respectively. FebriDx had pooled sensitivity and specificity of 84% (95% CI 75%–90%, k = 4) and 93% (95% CI 90%–95%, k = 4) for bacterial infections, and 87% (95% CI 72%–95%; k = 4) and 82% (95% CI 66%–86%, k = 4) for viral infections, respectively.ConclusionCombinations of biomarkers show potential clinical utility in discriminating the aetiology of RTIs. However, the limitations in the evidence base, due to a high proportion of studies with high risk of bias, preclude firm conclusions. Future research should be in primary care and evaluate patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness with experimental study designs.Clinical trialPROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178973.