Expression of CD44V2 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and in urine

CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.     

低血糖症误诊探讨

目的 通过病例分析，探讨低血糖症的误诊原因，为提高糖尿病的早期诊断提供参考资料。方法 对误诊17例低血糖患者的临床体征、确诊方法、误诊疾病进行分析研究。结果 低血糖症因与某些常见病或共存病症状相似、表现不典型而误诊。医生询问病史、查体不全面、习惯性思维、未充分利用辅助检查，等确诊时，病情已十分严重。结论 低血糖症误诊率高。提高对低血糖症的认识和警惕性，综合分析病史，详细地检查，是减少误诊的关键。     

七种常见舌苔的细胞化学计量诊断研究

以１１７例常见舌苔上皮细胞内ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ、Ｇ－６－ＰＤＨ、ＡＣＰ、ＡＮＡＥ、－ＳＨ、ＲＮＡ七种生物大分子物质的定量检测为基础，运用多元逐步回归方法建立正常薄白、虚寒薄白及白厚、薄黄、黄厚、花剥、光剥种舌苔的计量诊断模型，经临床回代检验，其敏感性、特异性、准确度、可用度分别为９３．２％、８１．４％、８７．２％和７５．７％。     

妊娠黄体瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨妊娠黄体瘤（LP）的误诊原因。方法：对1例典型LP病例进行全面病理学检查和组化及免疫组化染色，与正常卵巢黄体进行对比分析，并复习文献。结果：LP均发生于妊娠后期，临床无明显自觉症状，其病理形态学、组织学、免疫组化反应与正常卵巢黄体相似。多在剖腹产时偶然发现而误为卵巢肿瘤。结论；LP为妊娠后期卵巢黄素化细胞的结节状增生，并非真性肿瘤。妊娠期出现卵巢明显增大，应首先考虑到本病的可能性。必要时术中可作活检，以避免误切卵巢。     

Exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe): presentation with a puzzling penile plaque*

Objective Report of two cases of exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe), with typical penile lesions. Differential diagnosis of persistent penile plaques. Background Following remission of the generalized eruption of exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe), it is not unusual to see a single remaining lesion localized on the penis. Since Sulzberger et al. (Sulzberger MB, Witten VH, Hunt JA. Puzzling persistent penile plaques. Arch Dermatol 1956:73:101-109) reviewed dermatoses presenting with puzzling persistent penile plaques in 1955, further dermatoses have evolved as important differential diagnoses. Much controversy has arisen as to the justification of exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe) as a disease entity. Conclusions Diagnosis of most cases of persistent plaques of dermatitis on the penis is possible with a careful examination of the entire skin, and a thorough history to discover past lesions. The possibility of malignancy makes a biopsy mandatory. Exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe) typically responds well to systemic steroids. Intrale-sional triamcinolone acetonide has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of a persistent penile plaque in exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatosis (Sulzberger-Garbe), and may be helpful in discontinuing or reducing systemic therapy to a level compatible with long-term treatment.     

胆固醇性肺炎的影像学表现

目的 探讨胆固醇性肺炎的影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析3例经病理证实的胆固醇陛肺炎的胸部X线片及CT表现，并复习相关文献。结果 3例胆固醇性肺炎X线片及CT均表现为肿块样病灶，其中2例伴有空洞和液平面，1例CT增强出现多环状强化。临床病程非常长，抗炎效果差；光学显微镜下可见大量富含胆固醇结晶的泡沫细胞。结论 胆固醇性肺炎是1种罕见的慢性特发性疾病，影像学表现对其诊断有定的价值。     

弹拨手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症臀后部肌痉挛患者的疗效观察

患者,男,22岁。主因双手近端指间关节对称性肿胀1年于2006年10月20日至我科门诊就诊。患者1年前开始出现双手多个近端指间关节肿胀,无关节痛,无关节活动受限。曾至我院骨科门诊,怀疑为“类风湿性关节炎”,口服滑膜炎冲剂、非甾体类消炎止痛药物,症状持续不缓解。现仍有双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节扁梭形肿胀,中指、无名指明显。肿胀局部无压痛,各关节活动度正常。患者无晨僵,无发热及咽痛。既往患者有下意识掰动手指弄出声响的习惯。查体:一般情况良好。双手食、中、无名指近端指间关节梭形肿胀,关节两侧皮肤增厚,未见苔藓样变(图1 a)。…     

冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的影像学研究

目的 探讨冠状动脉(简称冠脉)起源于肺动脉(ACAPA)影像学诊断方法的价值。方法 回顾性分析11例ACAPA的影像学表现。11例均行X线胸片、超声心动图(Echo)和心血管造影检查，其中1例行电子束CT(EBCT)检查。结果 10例为左冠脉起源于肺动脉，1例为右冠脉起源于肺动脉。11例胸片均未确诊，Echo诊断3例，EBCT诊断1例。心血管造影全部诊断正确，其中左冠脉异常起源者左冠脉均发自主肺动脉后窦或后壁，通过扩张的右冠脉藉侧支逆行充盈；右冠脉异常起源者右冠脉从主肺动脉右窦发出。手术与造影所见相同。3例前乳头肌缺血性纤维化，二尖瓣环扩大，前叶脱垂致二尖瓣关闭不全。结论 X线胸片诊断受限，Echo简便、无创，但操作技术及认知水平有待提高。心血管造影仍是术前确诊的“金标准”。     

骨巨细胞瘤继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像诊断

目的提高骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的认识和影像诊断水平。方法搜集经手术病理证实的12例GCT继发ABC的X线、CT、MRI和病理学资料，分析和总结其影像征象。结果12例中6例病变发生于长管状骨，6例发生于盆骨。12例病变X线均表现为囊状膨胀性溶骨性骨破坏，10例呈偏心性破坏，2例为中心性破坏；4例病灶内出现骨性分隔，6例骨皮质中断，4例出现软组织肿块，有明显硬化边者2例。10例行MR平扫和增强检查，均呈多囊的囊实性膨胀性肿块，8例为边缘性实性结节，2例为实性基础上的广泛囊变，全部患者均可见多个液一液平面，7例出现软组织肿块；1例肿块内可见局灶性含铁血黄素沉着。8例行螺旋cT平扫、增强、CT血管成像（CTA）和三维（3D）多平面重组（MPR），病变显示为囊实性肿块，骨皮质破裂并形成软组织肿块5例，6例肿块内出现液．液平面，全部肿块实质性部分和囊壁明显强化，囊性部分不强化，3例肿块内可见增粗迂曲的供血动脉，未发现动静脉畸形。12例手术所见和术后病理显示肿块均由多发含血的囊腔和实性部分组成，病理诊断结果均为GCT伴发ABC，其中Ⅱ级GCTl0例，Ⅲ级2例。结论GCT伴发ABC并不少见，充分理解其病理组织学基础，并选择恰当的影像检查方法（X线＋MRI或X线＋CT）对其正确诊断非常重要。