屈颈MRI对青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症的诊断价值

目的评价屈颈MRI对青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症的诊断价值。方法男性患者5例，平均年龄21岁，临床表现为一侧或两侧上肢远端肌萎缩。对照组为健康志愿者，21岁男性8例。2组均行常规及屈颈颈椎MR平扫，矢状、轴面SET1WI、T2WI、液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）序列扫描。结果常规颈椎扫描：5例患者下段颈髓变细；屈颈位MR扫描：下颈段颈6以下脊髓前屈、变扁平，矢状径4～6mm，硬膜囊后壁前移，硬膜后间隙明显增宽，可见多发条状、迂曲流空信号影及软组织信号。对照组：常规扫描，下颈段脊髓（颈6～胸2）可见颈膨大，屈颈位脊髓略变细（6～7mm），硬膜囊后壁无前移，硬膜后间隙未见扩张血管影。结论屈颈MRI有助于显示下颈段脊髓及硬膜囊改变，结合临床资料可准确诊断青年性上肢远端肌萎缩症。     

产科诊断剂量超声波对培养细胞影响的实验研究

采用模拟在人体中使用的实测超声剂量，对体外培养的Ｌ－９２９株细胞进行辐照，通过细胞回复能力试验，观察回复前后的细胞增殖与抑制。对体外培养的人胚肺纤维细胞经１次及５次辐照，观察了ＤＮＡ及细胞核面积的影响。并通过电镜观察了细胞超微结构的变化。上述实验结果，均提示经辐照后细胞有增殖趋向     

Hand and wrist imaging using a low-field dedicated MRI system

Summary Purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of a low field dedicated MRI system in hand and wrist imaging. All 308 exams of the hand and wrist, that were performed on a low-field dedicated MRI system (Artoscan, Esaote Biomedica, Italy) in our institution in 1996, and high-field MRI exams performed in addition as part of the diagnostic work-up, were evaluated and correlated to final operative (n = 64) and histologic (n = 12) reports. 90 % of all low-field MRI scans stated a diagnosis according to clinical suspicion. In 62 % the clinical question was answered, and in 26 % additional pathologies were identified. An MR-diagnosis completely different from the clinical suspicion was stated in 2 %. High field exams contributed additional information in 6 of 36 patients. In 3 patients a tumor was not shown completely in the limited field-of-view of the dedicated low-field MRI-system. Frequency-selective fat-suppression pulse sequences and a better spatial resolution were the reasons for the additional information obtained in the other three patients. Low-field dedicated MR-imaging is a valuable method in the extensive work-up of the hand and wrist. Osseous, ligamentous and tendinous pathologies are well depicted. Large or infiltrative tumors should be referred to a high-field system.      

18F-FDG hPET/CT显像诊断结直肠癌术后复发转移

目的 评价^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像对结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的诊断价值。方法 对81例结直肠癌术后临床可疑肿瘤复发或转移的患者采用GEHAWKEYE符合线路SPECT进行^18F-FDG显像，获得经X线衰减校正后的三维断层图像，由计算机完成各断层图像的融合，以目测法进行诊断分析，并与CT、病理学检查、临床随访作出的最后诊断进行对比。结果 ^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像对结直肠癌术后复发、转移诊断的灵敏度为93％（57／61），特异性为80％（16／20），阳性预测率为93％（57／61），阴性预测率为80％（16／20）；而常规CT对结直肠癌术后复发转移诊断的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为67％（37／55）、73％（19／26）、84％（37／44）、51％（19／37）；^18F-FDG hPET／CT代谢显像共检出病灶126个，65例相同视野hPET／CT代谢显像与诊断CT常规影像检查复发转移病灶检出数分别为91个和46个。结论 ^18F-FDG hPET／CT显像对结直肠癌术后复发转移的诊断价值优于CT；通过与同机定位CT图像融合可有效地对病变进行定性定位。     

腰椎间盘突出的CT诊断价值

腰椎间盘突出是骨科常见病。CT扫描能够显示间盘组织的直接影像，是诊断间盘病变的重要方法。本文对80例腰间盘突出进行分析，探讨CT对腰间盘突出的诊断价值。1 材料和方法 1.1一般资料 选用临床及CT表现均典型病例80例，男13例，女37例，年龄17岁-74岁，病程最短2d，最长22a,     

Diagnostic Validity of Fecal Occult Blood Tests for Detecting Gastroenterological Cancers

In order to estimate the diagnostic validity of chemical fecal occult blood tests, i.e. orthotolidine (Shionogi A) and guajac (Shionogi B) slides for detecting cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colorectum, the authors followed up all the examinees (n=3,449) of comprehensive medical check-ups at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, by means of record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry's files. Then, diagnostic validity was calculated based on the results of two years' follow-up. Sensitivity for the respective cancers was 20.0%, 11.8% and 62.5% for Shionogi A, and 20.0%, 5.9% and 43.8% for Shionogi B slides. Likelihood ratio for the respective cancers was 1.4, 0.8 and 4.5 for Shionogi A, and 3.3, 1.0 and 7.5 for Shionogi B. Specificity was analogous among the three cancer sites, being 86% for Shionogi A and 94% for Shionogi B. These results suggest that the diagnostic validity of chemical occult blood tests for detecting cancers of the esophagus and the stomach is very poor, and therefore imply that close examinations of these sites for screening positives is unnecessary in mass screenings for colorectal cancer.     

Staging-laparoscopy

Summary. The so-called extended diagnostic laparoscopy (EDL) facilitates the comprehensive exploration of the abdominal cavity, thus improving the precision of the pretherapeutic tumor staging in gastrointestinal malignancies. EDL comprises visual inspection with a specific preparation of all relevant sites, laparoscopic sonography and retrieval of samples for biopsy and cytology. Additional relevant therapeutic information was obtained through EDL in 40.5 % of gastric cancer patients. EDL could be of similar importance for diagnosing esophageal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies.      

Limites et dangers des DSM

The publication of the DSM-III rating scale in 1980 marked a definite turning point in the development of modern psychiatry. For those responsible for elaborating it, it appeared to have resulted in psychiatry being accepted as a science. However, this was at the expense of eliminating the subjective aspect, both that of the patient and that of the clinical practitioner. As a result of this, it was possible to utilize a common language which permitted high inter-scoring diagnostic accuracy. The success of the DMS-III and IV is based on their affinity with scientific ideals, and with their association with clinical medication. In focusing on target symptoms devoid of all dynamism, they implicitly relate them to bodily dysfunctions. Twenty years after the introduction of this approach presented as being atheoretical, its main justification, i.e. diagnostic accuracy, has been shown to be ill-founded, while the problems of diagnostic validity are eluded. The DSM scales have relegated mental disorders to being infinitized, and the pursuit of this approach could eventually lead to treatment by computerized psychiatry. These rating scales also lead to an impoverishment of clinical consultations; they do not take into account the possible reticence of the patient; and they generate implicit normative ideals. Even amongst their proponents, certain individuals are beginning to see that they could constitute a serious disadvantage to the progress of psychiatry.     

Surgical relevance of diagnostic imaging techniques in pretherapeutic staging of carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum

Summary. The increasing spectrum of therapeutic options for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract has resulted in a refinement of the pretherapeutic diagnostic strategies. The diagnostic approach in surgical institutions that are focused on primary surgical resection will therefore be much less sophisticated than in institutions who propose a selective therapeutic approach based on the pretherapeutic tumor stage and prognostic parameters. Pretherapeutic assessment of the depth of tumor infiltration, i. e. the T-category, is essential because most further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions are based on this information. This can today be achieved with a high degree of accuracy by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. Early T-stages (T1–2) are usually an indication for primary surgical resection and, after exclusion of distant metastases, no further diagnostic studies are required. In patients with locally advanced esophageal, gastric or rectum tumors (T3–4) multimodal therapeutic concepts should be considered. This usually requires additional diagnostic studies. None of the available diagnostic imaging modalities today allows satisfactory pretherapeutic assessment of lymph node metastases. The assumed nodular status should therefore currently not influence therapeutic decisions. Essential is, however, the assessment of distant metastases, since the documentation of distant tumor spread will change the therapeutic approach to a palliative situation. Detailed histologic and molecular-biologic assessment of tumor characteristics is growing in importance. This not only provides therapeutically relevant information regarding tumor grading, but opens the door towards a modern molecular diagnostic approach. It can be expected that in the near future a vast amount of relevant prognostic information can be obtained from endoscopic tumor biopsies, which may soon alter our therapeutic concepts.