扶正利胆汤对贲门癌术后胆囊收缩障碍的临床疗效观察

目的 研究扶正利胆汤对贲门癌术后胆囊收缩障碍的临床治疗作用及其机制探讨.方法 选择120例贲门癌术后患者,随机分为试验组60例和对照组60例;试验组患者,在术后第10天开始口服扶正利胆汤,连服20天;对照组患者,在术后第10天口服等体积的水,连服20天;在实验治疗期间,对上述两组患者均进行常规抗炎、补液等治疗.所有患者分别于术前3天、术后30天对胆囊进行超声波指标测定,测定条件是空腹、服用脂餐0.5小时后、服用脂餐1小时后,应用超声波测定胆囊最大纵切面积、长径、短径,计算胆囊超声容积、排空率指标,并在术前3天、术后30天测定空腹血清胆囊收缩素浓度.比较两组患者手术前后胆囊的容积、排空、排空率及空腹血清胆囊收缩素浓度.结果 1）两组患者手术前后胆囊收缩功能比较：对照组患者术后胆囊容积较术前明显增大（P＜0.05）,治疗组患者术后胆囊容积较术前没有显著性改变;术前治疗组和对照组患者胆囊容积无显著差别（P＞0.05）;术后试验组胆囊容积比对照组患者的胆囊容积明显缩小,两组比较具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.2）两组患者手术前后空腹血清胆囊收缩素（CCK）浓度比较：术前两组CCK浓度无明显差别（P＞0.05）;术后对照组患者CCK浓度较术前明显下降（P＜0.05）,治疗组患者术后CCK浓度较术前无明显改变（P＞0.05）,术后试验组患者较对照组血清CCK浓度明显升高,两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.结论 贲门癌术后出现胆囊排空障碍,术后胆囊容积与术前相比明显增大.扶正利胆汤可以提高血清CCK浓度,改善术后胆囊容积,对于贲门癌术后的胆囊收缩障碍有一定的治疗作用.     

A new concept of the contraction–extension property of the left ventricular myocardium

ObjectivesUsing newly developed ultrasonic technology, we attempted to disclose the characteristics of the left ventricular (LV) contraction–extension (C–E) property, which has an important relationship to LV function.MethodsStrain rate (SR) distribution within the posterior wall and interventricular septum was microscopically measured with a high accuracy of 821 μm in spatial resolution by using the phase difference tracking method. The subjects were 10 healthy men (aged 30–50 years).ResultsThe time course of the SR distribution disclosed the characteristic C–E property, i.e. the contraction started from the apex and propagated toward the base on one hand, and from the epicardial side toward the endocardial side on the other hand. Therefore, the contraction of one area and the extension of another area simultaneously appeared through nearly the whole cardiac cycle, with the contracting part positively extending the latter part and vice versa. The time course of these propagations gave rise to the peristalsis and the bellows action of the LV wall, and both contributed to effective LV function.The LV contraction started coinciding in time with the P wave of the electrocardiogram, and the cardiac cycle was composed of 4 phases, including 2 types of transitional phase, as well as the ejection phase and slow filling phase. The sum of the measurement time duration of either the contraction or the extension process occupied nearly equal duration in normal conditions.ConclusionThe newly developed ultrasonic technology revealed that the SR distribution was important in evaluating the C–E property of the LV myocardium. The harmonious succession of the 4 cardiac phases newly identified seemed to be helpful in understanding the mechanism to keep long-lasting pump function of the LV.     

Contraction‐induced Mmp13 and −14 expression by goat articular chondrocytes in collagen type I but not type II gels

Collagen gels are promising scaffolds to prepare an implant for cartilage repair but several parameters, such as collagen concentration and composition as well as cell density, should be carefully considered, as they are reported to affect phenotypic aspects of chondrocytes. In this study we investigated whether the presence of collagen type I or II in gel lattices affects matrix contraction and relative gene expression levels of matrix proteins, MMPs and the subsequent degradation of collagen by goat articular chondrocytes. Only floating collagen I gels, and not those attached or composed of type II collagen, contracted during a culture period of 12 days. This coincided with an upregulation of both Mmp13 and ?14 gene expression, whereas Mmp1 expression was not affected. The release of hydroxyproline in the culture medium, indicating matrix degradation, was increased five‐fold in contracted collagen I gels compared to collagen II gels without contraction. Furthermore, blocking contraction of collagen I gels by cytochalasin B inhibited Mmp13 and ?14 expression and the release of hydroxyproline. The expression of cartilage‐specific ECM genes was decreased in contracted collagen I gels, with increased numbers of cells with an elongated morphology, suggesting that matrix contraction induces dedifferentiation of chondrocytes into fibroblast‐like cells. We conclude that the collagen composition of the gels affects matrix contraction by articular chondrocytes and that matrix contraction induces an increased Mmp13 and ?14 expression as well as matrix degradation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

慢性阻塞性肺病缓解期患者营养状况及对呼吸肌力量的影响

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）缓解期患者的营养状况与呼吸肌力量的关系，以及饮食补充对营养状况和呼吸肌力量的影响。方法测定７６例ＣＯＰＤ缓解期患者的营养指标和最大口腔吸气压（ＭＩＰ）以及最大口腔呼气压（ＭＥＰ）。４１例低体重患者中随机选取２４例分两组，对照组（１２例）维持原先饮食，饮食补充组（１２例）摄入热量平均增加３５％，２周后随访两组患者各营养指标和ＭＩＰ、ＭＥＰ。结果单因素相关分析显示ＭＩＰ占预计值百分比、ＭＥＰ占预计值百分比分别与１秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比、１秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、每日摄入热量占正常人标准供给量百分比、体重占理想体重身高百分比、体重身高指数和白蛋白呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饮食补充组２周后各营养指标、ＭＩＰ和ＭＥＰ均有明显增加。对照组各项指标差异均无显著性。结论ＣＯＰＤ缓解期患者呼吸肌力量减弱与营养不良有关。饮食补充后随着营养状况改善，呼吸肌力量也有所增强     

基于电刺激的大鼠肌筋膜疼痛触发点的发生机制

目的:探究电刺激下肌筋膜疼痛触发点肌纤维的兴奋性和耐疲劳表现。方法:将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(CG1、CG2、CG3)和触发点组(TG1、TG2、TG3)。CG1和TG1测试刺激阈值强度和最大收缩力量(MCF)以及其最适刺激强度;CG2和TG2测试不同刺激强度下MCF的变化;CG3和TG3测试不同刺激频率下MCF的变化。钝性打击结合离心运动造模8周,恢复4周后将大鼠接入生物机能测试系统,给予肌纤维一系列电刺激,测量比较各组引起肌肉收缩的阈值强度、MCF、刺激强度和频率诱导的肌肉疲劳等指标。结果:TG1组引起肌肉开始收缩的阈值强度和最大收缩力量(MCF)的最适刺激强度比CG1组低,具有显著性差异(P0.05);TG1组与CG1组的MCF无显著性差异(P0.05)。TG2组电刺激引起的MCF第15、20次增量电刺激低于第1、5、10次增量,具有高度显著性差异(P0.01);TG2组电刺激引起的MCF第10、15、20次增量CG2组,具有高度显著性差异(P0.01);TG2组电刺激引起的MCF第1、5、10次增量无显著性差异(P0.05);TG2组电刺激引起的MCF第1、5次增量与CG2组相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。TG3组电刺激引起MCF所需的刺激频率比CG3组低,呈高度显著性差异(P0.01);TG3组电刺激引起的MCF比CG3组低,具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:与正常肌纤维相比,触发点肌纤维对电刺激反应更敏感,受到连续电刺激时更易疲劳。     

中药泡足与穴位按摩对产后宫缩痛临床疗效的应用研究

目的 研究分析中药泡足及穴位按摩减轻经产妇产后宫缩痛的临床疗效.方法 入组2013年阴式分娩的经产妇200例,随机分成4组各50例,中药泡足组选用艾叶加宽筋滕粉热水泡足,穴位按摩组选用三阴交、足三里和血海穴位按摩,中药泡足+穴位按摩组采用艾叶加宽筋滕粉热水泡足加三阴交、足三里和血海穴位按摩,对照组给予基础治疗如改变体位、腹部热敷或按摩等,采用视觉模拟量表评分(visual analog scale,VAS)对4组产妇在产后第1～3天进行疼痛强度评估.结果 中药泡足组、穴位按摩组、中药泡足+穴位按摩组在产后第1天产后宫缩痛疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对经产妇选用中药泡足、穴位按摩或联合使用能有效减轻产后宫缩痛,增加产妇舒适度,促进产妇康复.     

Evaluation of the Paradoxical Sphincter Contraction by a Strain/Squeeze Index in Constipated Patients

PURPOSE One finding in patients with constipation is the paradoxical puborectalis contraction, i.e. , activation of the sphincter muscles during straining instead of relaxation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the importance of needle placement in sphincter-electromyography and to evaluate a strain/squeeze index in constipated patients and control subjects. METHODS We investigated consecutively 194 constipated patients and 16 control subjects with integrated electromyography during straining and squeezing and calculated a strain/squeeze index. The examination was performed in the puborectalis and in the external anal sphincter muscle through hook-electrodes. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between indices in the puborectalis muscle and in the external anal sphincter muscle (r = 0.70–0.80, P < 0.001). Forty-seven patients (24 percent) had a mean index of greater than 50 compared with none in the control group (P = 0.01). Mean overall index in patients was 24 (range, 0–306) vs. 18 (range, 0–45) in controls (P = 0.12). Patients with an index greater than 50 had impaired rectal evacuation (P < 0.001), increased threshold for urge (P < 0.05), and tended to have fewer stools (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Quantification of paradoxical contraction in the puborectalis and external anal sphincter with a strain/squeeze index differentiates patients in whom paradoxical activity may be a cause of constipation. An index above 50 may be of pathologic significance. Correlations between activity in the puborectalis and external anal sphincter muscle were strong which suggests that investigation in one of them is sufficient. Reprints are not available.     

脉象要素“敛”与传统脉象的相关性

系统辨证脉学中的脉象要素多抽取单一物理变量,讲求纯化手指感觉,“敛”要素在传统28脉中没有出现,因传统脉象多是由几种感觉复合而成的复合脉象,所以,“敛”隐匿于某些脉象中.从古代文献以及现代脉象客观化研究进行探索,“敛”,都有举足轻重的地位,而“敛”在传统复合脉象紧脉、弦脉中都有体现.得出包含“敛”的传统脉象.     

Effects of Classic Progressive Resistance Training Versus Eccentric-Enhanced Resistance Training in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Objective

To compare the effects of classic progressive resistance training (PRT) versus eccentric strength-enhanced training (EST) on the performance of functional tests and different strength manifestations in the lower limb of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Bilateral movements increase sustained extensor force in the paretic arm

Purpose: Muscle weakness in the extensors poststroke is a common motor impairment. Unfortunately, research is unclear on whether bilateral movements increase extensor force production in the paretic arm. This study investigated sustained force production while stroke individuals maximally extended their wrist and fingers on their paretic arm. Specifically, we determined isometric force production in three conditions: (a) unilateral paretic arm, (b) unilateral nonparetic arm, and (c) bilateral (both arms executing the same movement simultaneously).

Methods: Seventeen chronic stroke patients produced isometric sustained force by executing wrist and fingers extension in unilateral and bilateral contraction conditions. Mean force, force variability (coefficient of variation), and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated for each contraction condition.

Results: Analysis of two-way (Arm?×?Type of Condition: 2?×?2; Paretic or Nonparetic Arm?×?Unilateral or Bilateral Conditions) within-subjects ANOVAs revealed that the bilateral condition increased sustained force in the paretic arm, but reduced sustained force in the nonparetic arm. Further, although the paretic arm exhibited more force variability and less signal-to-noise ratio than the nonparetic arm during a unilateral condition, there were no differences when participants simultaneously executed isometric contractions with both arms.

Conclusions: Our unique findings indicate that bilateral contractions transiently increased extensor force in the paretic arm.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Bilateral movements increased isometric wrsit extensor force in paretic arms and redcued force in nonparetic arms versus unilateral movements.

• Both paretic and nonparetic arms produced similar force variability and signal-to-noise ratio during bilateral movements.

• Increased sustained force in the paretic arm during the bilateral condition indicates that rehabilitation protocols based on bilateral movements may be beneficial for functional recovery.