The Maillard reaction in demineralized dentin in vitro

The Maillard reaction between carbohydrate and protein has been proposed as a cause of the browning of carious lesions. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the occurrence of this reaction in bovine dentin collagen in vitro and to establish the effect of the reaction on the proteolytic degradation of bovine dentin collagen in vitro. Slices of demineralized bovine dentin were incubated with 0.2 M glucose or buffer for 10 weeks at 37°C. The formation of initial (furosine) and advanced (pentosidine) products of the Maillard reaction in dentin exposed to glucose was confirmed by HPLC. After reduction with NaBH₄ to prevent intermediate Maillard products from further reaction, slices were either degraded with collagenase for fluorescence measurement or incubated with trypsin or pepsin to assess enzymatic degradation. Fluorescence characteristic for the Maillard reaction increased in glucose-exposed slices. Degradation of collagen by pepsin, but not by trypsin, was greatly depressed following glucose pretreatment. This may indicate an altered sensitivity to proteolytic degradation; the Maillard reaction thus has a potential role in caries arrestment.     

种植牙手术的导向模板定向法临床研究

本文介绍了用于人工牙根种植手术的一种导向模板定向法。该导向模板由圆柱形金属定向杆、导向钛管、负压成型的塑料牙列套及自凝塑料增强基托组成。临床应用35例.效果满意。     

钛表面烤瓷的预氧化处理工艺研究

目的：考察预氧化处理工艺是否适合钛－瓷修复。方法：采用剪切实验法测试在未预氧化处理（Ｒ１），３００℃（Ｒ２）、５００℃（Ｒ３）及７００℃（Ｒ４）预氧化处理时钛－氧化处理时钛－瓷结合强度，并用金、相显微镜及电子探针分析各组的钛－瓷界面状况。结果：Ｒ１、Ｒ２、Ｒ３及Ｒ４各组剪切强度值分别为５０．２５±６．５２ＭＰａ、４４．６７±７．０８ＭＰａ、２７．６９±５．２７ＭＰａ和２２．５１±４．９０Ｍｐａ。界面分析表明，各组钛与瓷界面结合紧密、无裂隙，并存在元素扩散带，不同的是各组元素扩散带宽度不一，其规律是Ｒ１＜Ｒ２＜Ｒ３＜Ｒ４。结论：预氧化处理工艺不适合钛－瓷修复。     

氟氢酸酸蚀及偶联剂的应用对烤瓷——树脂粘结强度的影响

目的：评价酸蚀及化学偶联剂对树脂—烤瓷粘结强度的影响。方法：烤瓷试件分７组用５％氟氢酸分别酸蚀０～１８０ｓ，然后一半使用偶联剂，另一半不使用偶联剂，与树脂粘结后测试剪切粘结强度。结果：无偶联剂组酸蚀后可使瓷—树脂粘结强度达到３０ＭＰａ（１５０ｓ），对照组为３ＭＰａ；单独使用偶联剂可使粘结强度达２５．２ＭＰａ，若结合酸蚀剂最高可达３４．３ＭＰａ，但酸蚀后使用偶联剂，酸蚀时间对粘结强度无明显影响；结论：瓷酸蚀是瓷粘结修复中重要的处理方法；偶联剂的使用有利于提高粘结强度，并可用较短的酸蚀时间获得理想的粘结强度。     

电化学人工龋的电化学腐蚀机制研究

目的 研究电化学人工龋的电化学腐蚀机制。方法 采用循环伏安法研究牙片电极在K2SO4溶液中的氧化还原反应；以失重法并结合SPSS统计软件统计分析，评价牙片在KCl和K2SO4介质中恒电位腐蚀情况，并现场监测电解液氢离子浓度的变化情况。结果 在0.0-2.5V电位范围内，牙片电极与石墨电极具有波形类似的循环伏安曲线；在KCl和K2SO4介质中牙片的腐蚀速度无显著差异；2.0V恒电位腐蚀牙片8h后，阳极池本体溶液pH值由7.0平均下降到3.87，阴极池则由7.0平均升高到10.65。结论 在外电场作用下，牙片的阳极腐蚀与介质无关；水的阳极氧化引起阳极区氢离子浓度升高，致使牙齿发生酸溶是电化学人工龋形成的主要决定因素。     

Caries experience in Icelandic 12-year-old urban children between 1984 and 1991

Abstract – In order to evaluate trends in caries experience, a 20% random sample of 12-yr-old residents of Reykjavik, Iceland (252 children) was examined clinically and radiographically in 1991 under conditions consistent with those of the survey conducted in 1984. In addition to caries data, frequency of toothbrushing and use of fluoride dentifrice were recorded. The mean DFT and DPS were 3.0 and 4.1, respectively. The decrease in caries experience reached 60% with an annual fall in DPS of nearly 10%. During the 7-yr period between examinations the decline in DFT and DFS scores averaged 5.2 and 8, respectively, the annual reduction amounting to 0.7 DF teeth or 1.1 DF surfaces per child. The ratio of approximal/occlusal caries and the proportion of approximal caries were similar in both surveys. Fourteen percent of the children were free from manifest caries in 1991, but only 2% in 1984. Polarization between low and high prevalence individuals had intensified. Ninety-five percent of the children brushed their teeth regularly and 97% reported using a fluoride dentifrice.     

Composite indicators of dental health: functioning teeth and the number of sound-equivalent teeth (T-Health)

Abstract –This study investigated whether two new composite dental indicators -"the number of functioning teeth" and "the number of sound-equivalent teeth" are more efficient than the conventional DM FT index in revealing the social and behavioural factors which are significantly related to oral health status. The arbitrary set of weights given to the T-Health indicator was also evaluated. The number of functioning teeth was defined as the aggregate of filled (otherwise sound) and sound teeth. The T-Health was defined as a weighted average of sound teeth, filled (otherwise sound) teeth and teeth with some decay, the weights intended in principle to represent the relative amounts of sound tissue in these three categories of teeth. An arbitrary set of weights was used: 4, 2, and 1 for sound, filled, and decayed teeth, respectively. 164 families (father, mother and at least one 13-yr-old child) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, were randomly selected from 13-yr-old children from private and state schools. The parents'ages ranged from 35 to 44 yr. Socio-economic status, area of residence, level of education, family income, sugar consumption, toothbrushing frequency and type of dental attendance were the social and behavioural oral health risk-factors considered in this study. The results indicated that the two new dental indicators are more sensitive to the influence of social and behavioural factors, such as those investigated here, than is the traditional DM FT index. A different set of weights (4, I, and I for sound, filled, and decayed) was suggested for the construction of the T-Health.     

Reaction of surrounding gingiva to permucosal implants of dense hydroxyapatite in dogs

Experimental and histological studies on the reaction of surrounding gingiva to permucosal implants of dense calcium hydroxyapatite were carried out in dogs. Epithelial attachment and connection of supra-alveolar collagen fibres to the implant surface seemed to form a biological seal around implants similar to that around natural teeth. However, excellent oral hygiene is very important for the maintenance of this biological seal.