3种植物在水培方式下对锶的富集和迁移实验研究

目的：研究绿萝、吊兰和吊竹梅对锶的富集和迁移情况,以及锶处理对植物吸收其他6种主要营养元素的影响。方法：采用水培扦插方式培养3种植物,每种植物设置1个对照组和3个水培液锶（浓度分别为1、2和3 mmol/L）处理组,每组培养绿萝和吊竹梅各4株,吊兰3株,整个实验在光照培养箱中进行,各组实验条件保持一致,实验周期为28 d。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测植物根、茎、叶组织中钙、铁、钾、镁、磷、硫和锶元素的含量。结果：在3 mmol/L锶处理下,3种植物根、茎、叶组织中的锶含量与对照相比显著升高（P < 0.05）。从植物各组织中的锶质量分数来看,w_{锶,吊竹梅叶} > w_{锶,绿萝叶} > w_{锶,吊兰叶},w_{锶,吊竹梅茎} > w_{锶,绿萝茎},w_{锶,吊竹梅根} > w_{锶,吊兰根}。随水培液中锶浓度的增加,植物组织中钙和铁含量呈显著降低趋势（P < 0.05）。吊竹梅叶、茎和吊兰叶的迁移系数（TF）在0.36~2.54之间,在1 mmol/L锶处理下吊竹梅叶和茎的TF最高,分别达到2.54和2.33,随水培液中锶浓度的增加,其TF呈下降趋势。结论：对比3种实验植物,吊竹梅可作为锶污染水体修复的备选植物。水体中锶含量的增加可降低植物根系对钙和铁的吸收和富集。     

Subthalamic and pallidal oscillatory activity in patients with Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation type I (NBIA-I)

ObjectivesNeurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation type I (NBIA-I) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder with pallidal degeneration leading to disabling generalized dystonia and parkinsonism. Pallidal or subthalamic deep brain stimulation can partially alleviate motor symptoms. Disease-specific patterns of abnormally enhanced oscillatory neuronal activity recorded from the basal ganglia have been described in patients with movement disorders undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here we studied oscillatory activity recorded from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to characterize neuronal activity patterns in NBIA-I.MethodsWe recorded local field potentials (LFP) from DBS electrodes in 6 juvenile patients with NBIA-I who underwent functional neurosurgery. Four patients were implanted in the STN and two patients in the GPi. Recordings were performed during wakeful rest. An FFT-based approach was used to analyze the power spectrum in the target area.ResultsIn all patients we found distinct peaks in the low frequency (7–12 Hz) and in 5 out 6 also in the beta frequency range (15–30 Hz) with the largest beta peak in the patient that presented with the most prominent bradykinesia. No distinct peaks occurred in the gamma frequency range (35–100 Hz). The oscillatory pattern did not differ between STN and GPi.ConclusionsHere we show for the first time the oscillatory activity pattern in the STN and the GPi in juvenile patients with dystonia plus syndrome due to NBIA-I. The low frequency peak we found is in line with previous studies in patients with isolated idiopathic dystonia. In our cohort, the pallidal beta band activity may be related to more severe motor slowing in dystonia plus syndrome such as NBIA-I.SignificanceOur results further support the link between hyperkinetic motor symptoms such as dystonia and enhanced basal ganglia low frequency activity irrespective of the underlying etiology of dystonia.     

桦褐孔菌皂苷的优化提取及其对HepG2细胞脂肪堆积的清除作用

目的：探讨桦褐孔菌皂苷清除肝细胞中脂肪堆积的能力,阐明桦褐孔菌皂苷对非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）的预防效果。方法：MTT法选取桦褐孔菌皂苷对HepG2细胞的安全浓度,将不同浓度（60.000、6.000、0.600、0.060和0.006g·L^-1）桦褐孔菌皂苷作用于HepG2细胞作为给药组,以不给药无细胞的空白孔为对照组,以不给药的HepG2细胞为模型组。MTT法检测各组HepG2细胞存活率,检测各组HepG2细胞中甘油三酯（TG）的清除率,油红O染色检测各组HepG2细胞形态表现。结果：提取桦褐孔菌皂苷最佳条件为1∶15的料液比、温度为30℃、提取时间为30 min、超声功率为50%。与对照组比较,0.060 g·L^-1桦褐孔菌皂苷组细胞存活率降低,TG清除率升高（P<0.05）,细胞中脂质相互融合的现象明显减轻;0.600 g·L^-1桦褐孔菌皂苷组细胞存活率降低,TG清除率升高（P<0.01）,细胞中脂滴数量明显减少。结论：最佳提取条件下桦褐孔菌皂苷提取率明显升高且具有良好的体外降脂活性,对NAFLD有较好的预防效果。     

麦冬块根发育及其形态变化规律研究

目的探讨麦冬块根膨大及药材形成规律,为麦冬新品种选育奠定基础。方法大田栽培,间隔7~10 d连续采样。以测定15株均值计算麦冬各部分干物质分配和积累规律,以测定15粒均值计算块根数量、大小变化,采用光学显微镜对麦冬块根纤维特征进行观察,并参照《中国药典》2015年版麦冬项下性状描述对麦冬药材性状变化进行观测记录。结果在四川地区麦冬块根从10月份开始膨大至次年4月结束。最初形成的生长于麦冬茎基的不定根多为营养根,可膨大形成块根的不定根多为后期茎基部四周生长出的不定根。麦冬单株块根基本在5~20个,多数在8~10个,极个别超过20个。不定根一般从根尖一端开始膨大逐渐延长形成纺锤形块根,块根形成后根尖可继续生长形成不定根,新形成的不定根可进行2次膨大,极个别不定根可出现3次膨大,形成串珠状。显微观察结果显示麦冬块根膨大主要是由皮层细胞体积增大和细胞层数增加形成,其中皮层细胞体积增大起主导作用。麦冬块根开始膨大,须根和茎叶部分干物质积累快速减缓至最终停止,块根干物质积累在前期增长速率快至3月中下旬基本呈动态平衡,药材性状整体表现为从干瘪向饱满变化的过程。结论研究结果全面反映了麦冬块根膨大过程的表观变化规律,为麦冬块根发育机制的研究探明了方向。     

Generalized gingival enlargement due to accumulation of amyloid-like material

Hyaline or amyloid-like substances may be seen in several oral lesions. Some of these originate from epithelial cells and some from connective tissue components. In this study, amyloid-like material causing gingival enlargement in three patients, with eyelid involvement in two, was examined using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. These accumulations did not share the classical features of amyloid such as green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining. Our findings suggest that epithelial degeneration plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these amyloid-like accumulations. These substances may be the result of defective amyloidogenesis and our cases may represent an oral counterpart of ligneous conjunctivitis or colloid milium of the skin.     

Excessive iron accumulation in the brain: A possible potential risk of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease

Summary In this study a chronic cerebral iron-loaded model was established by feeding mice with high iron diet. Data indicated that brain iron concentrations were significantly increased in iron-fed mice compared with those of controls. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), decrease in total glutathione (oxidized and reduced glutathione, GSSG + GSH), and therefore increase in the GSSG/(GSSG + GSH) ratios were observed in iron-loaded mice. Hydroxyl radical (^.OH) levels in striatum and brainstem were also significantly increased. Excessive iron alone did not change either dopamine (DA) or lipid peroxidation (LPO) concentrations in striatum. However, a single injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30mg/kg, i.p.) into the iron-loaded mice caused a great enhancement in all these biochemical abnormalities. These findings suggest that iron does induce oxidative stress, but not severely injury neurons per se. Excessive iron accumulation in the brain, however, is a potential risk for neuronal damage, which may promote by triggering factor(s). This supports the hypothesis that excessive cerebral iron may contribute to the aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD).     

大黄附子汤温阳通便作用的研究

大黄附子汤能显著促进寒积便秘型小鼠的排便,增加其排便量。经拆方分析,附子和细辛能对抗寒积便秘型小鼠体表温度的下降及改善肠道运动;单用大黄对模型鼠无泻下作用,与附子、细辛合用,排便作用明显增强。结果提示:三药配伍,对寒积便秘型小鼠有温阳散寒通便作用。     

复方丹参片溶出速率的研究

对不同厂家生产的复方丹参片用转蓝法进行了溶出速率的测定,经方差分析表明不同厂家生产的样品间相对累积释放量有显著性差异(P<0.01)。其中T_(50)最快与最慢相差10倍。结果还提示,崩解时限与T_(50)无显著相关性。表明各地的生产工艺、原料、辅料的来源不同是影响溶出速率的主要原因。     

Astrocytes in primary cultures: Membrane potential characteristics reveal exclusive potassium conductance and potassium accumulator properties

Mouse astrocytes in homogenous primary cultures were used to study the membrane potential response, measured with intracellular microelectrodes, to alterations of external ion composition and to certain drugs, and the observations were correlated with radiotracer measurements of equilibrated K+ content. The membrane potential was--92 mV at 3 mM K+, and reduction of external Na+ and Cl-concentration, as well as addition of furosemide, which acts on Cl- and Na+ fluxes, had no effect, showing that there is no other ion than K+ which significantly contributes to membrane conductance. Addition of ouabain showed that there is no electrogenic component of the membrane potential at either 'resting' conditions or during stimulation. Nevertheless, the behavior of the membrane potential was found to deviate from a Nernst potential for K+ when extracellular K+ was changed (the slope was linear from 1.5 to 100 mM K+ with 51 mV/10-fold change compared with 61 mV for a Nernstian behavior at 37 degrees C). The radioisotope measurements at different external K+ showed that this was due to accumulation of intracellular K+. We conclude that these astrocytes have spatial buffer and active accumulator properties towards the K+ ion.     

AMINO ACID UPTAKE BY RENAL CORTICAL SLICES FROM PROTEIN-DEPRIVED FETAL RATS

A provocative examination of the effect of protein deprivation in pregnancy on renal amino acid transport of fetuses points directions for further study.