张慧从“湿”、从“瘀”论治慢性再生障碍性贫血经验浅析

慢性再生障碍性贫血(CAA)为血液系统的常见病、多发病,其病程迁延,病势缠绵,病久常因虚致实邪内生,也因受邪致气血阴阳受损,临床中夹湿、夹瘀者多见,导师张慧认为湿邪内阻、瘀血阻滞是使慢性再障病情缠绵,反复不愈的主要病理因素,主张在脾肾双补基础上贯穿从"湿"、从"瘀"论治。     

西南中山地区玄参生长发育规律的研究

通过田间试验,对西南中山地区玄参不同生长期进行动态采样调查。根据玄参各器官生长变化及干物质积累特点,将玄参的个体发育分为4个时期,即苗期、茎叶生长期、块根膨大期和块根充实期。玄参一生共形成叶片约370片(主茎叶50片左右)。茎叶生长期的叶面积增长速度最快,平均日增量为225 cm2,8月中旬叶面积达到16 270 cm2/株。整个生育期内叶面积系数随着茎叶的生长直线上升,茎叶生长期和块根膨大期维持在8以上,块根充实期迅速降低至0。叶面积比率总体呈降低的趋势。净同化率的变化幅度较窄,一般为1~3 g·m-2·d-1,分别在苗期和块根充实期出现了2个小高峰。比叶面积值苗期较高,生长中期有所下降。相对生长率值变化幅度较大,苗期最高,茎叶生长期迅速降低,块根膨大期有所升高,块根充实期下降,甚至出现负值。作物生长率茎叶生长期至块根充实期前期相对较高,苗期和块根膨大期后期较低。干物质积累规律为苗期慢,茎叶生长期和块根膨大期快,块根充实期减慢,略微降低,整个过程呈S曲线。生长中心由茎叶逐渐转移至块根。准确掌握玄参生长发育时期、干物质积累特点及其生长参数的变化规律,可为生产中制定合理的栽培管理技术措施提供依据。     

实秘方治疗混合痔术后湿热蕴结型便秘的临床效果研究

目的 探讨实秘方治疗混合痔术后湿热蕴结型便秘的临床效果.方法 选择2009年6月～2013年5月本院收治的混合痔术后湿热蕴结型便秘患者56例作为研究对象,随机分成两组.对照组患者给予口服麻仁丸治疗,观察组患者给予口服实秘方治疗.对比两组患者的临床疗效和不良反应.结果 观察组患者总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组患者的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 实秘方治疗混合痔术后湿热蕴结型便秘具有一定的优越性,值得临床推广应用.     

Neural mechanisms of sensorimotor transformation and action selection

Ray Guillery made major contributions to our understanding of the development and function of the brain. One of his principal conceptual insights, developed together with Murray Sherman [S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2001) Exploring the Thalamus. Elsevier, Amstrerdam; S. Sherman & R. Guillery (2006) Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Functioning. Academic Press, New York, NY; S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2013) Functional Connections of Cortical Areas: A New View from the Thalamus. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA and then in his last book (R. Guillery (2017) The Brain as a Tool: A Neuroscientist's Account. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK)], was that the brain is a ‘tool’ to understand the world. In this view, the brain does not passively process sensory information and use the result to inform motor outputs. Rather, sensory and motor signals are widely broadcast and inextricably linked, with ongoing sensorimotor transformations serving as the basis for interaction with the outside world. Here, we describe recent studies from our laboratory and others which demonstrate this astute framing of the link among sensation, perception, and action postulated by Guillery and others [G. Deco & E.T. Rolls (2005) Prog Neurobiol, 76, 236–256; P. Cisek & J.F. Kalaska (2010) Annu Rev Neurosci, 33, 269‐298]. Guillery situated his understanding in the deeply intertwined relationship between the thalamus and cortex, and importantly in the feedback from cortex to thalamus which in turn influences feed‐forward drive to cortex [S.M. Sherman & R.W. Guillery (2001) Exploring the Thalamus. Elsevier, Amstrerdam; S. Sherman & R. Guillery (2006) Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Functioning. Academic Press, New York, NY]. We extend these observations to argue that brain mechanisms for sensorimotor transformations involve cortical and subcortical circuits that create internal models as a substrate for action, that a key role of sensory inputs is to update such models, and that a major function of sensorimotor processing underlying cognition is to enable action selection and execution.     

Effect of Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna.) Extract on Tissue Lead Levels in Rats

Abstract

The prophylactic efficacy of arjuna (Terminalia arjuna. L.) extract to reduce tissue lead (-Pb) concentration was evaluated experimentally in rats. Thirty female rats were divided into five groups, with group A as the control. Rats of groups B, C, D, and E received lead acetate orally at the rate of 5 mg per kg body weight daily for 6 weeks. The arjuna extract was tried in three doses, viz., 50 mg (low), 100 mg (medium), and 200 mg (high) per kg body weight orally and given simultaneously with Pb salt to the rats of groups C, D, and E, respectively. Mean blood Pb concentration in Pb-exposed rats ranged between 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.96 ± 0.06 µg/ml, whereas in arjuna-treated rats, the range was between 0.15 ± 0.02 and 0.94 ± 0.06, 0.17 ± 0.01 and 0.77 ± 0.06, and 0.13 ± 0.1 and 0.51 ± 0.07 µg/ml in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, respectively. The mean Pb concentration in liver, kidneys, brain, and bone of Pb-exposed rats was 2.289 ± 0.206, 4.748 ± 0.609, 1.019 ± 0.10, and 44.075 ± 2.60 µg/g, respectively. Concomitant use of arjuna bark extract at three different doses was found to reduce Pb concentration considerably in these vital organs indicating the potential therapeutic activity of arjuna against lead toxicity.     

复方黄黛片、雄黄与砷酸钠的毒性比较

目的比较含砷的复方黄黛片、雄黄与砷酸钠的毒性。方法小鼠一次性灌胃给药,8h后检测血生化及肝肾病理变化;测定肝肾组织中的砷蓄积量及砷毒性敏感基因的表达。结果砷酸钠组肝肾砷蓄积量显著增加,并伴肝肾功能和病理损伤,MT-1、MT-2、HO-1和IL-1β基因表达明显上调。复方黄黛片组和雄黄组的肝肾功能及病理检查与正常对照组相似,未见异常。二者砷蓄积量仅为砷酸钠组的1/25;上述基因表达仅轻微升高。结论复方黄黛片与雄黄的急性毒性远小于砷酸钠,不宜单用总砷含量评价含砷中成药的毒性。     

胆囊胆固醇结石湿热证小鼠造模方法的研制与评价＊

目的 通过建立三种胆囊胆固醇结石湿热证小鼠模型，分析并评价模型间差异，基于中医基础理论探索合适的胆囊胆固醇结石湿热证动物模型。方法 将24只C57BL/6J小鼠，随机分为空白对照组（K组）、内因模型组（M组）、内外因模型A组（A组）、内外因模型B组（B组）。K组采用普通饲料喂养并给予正常饮用水；M组采用高脂高胆固醇致石饲料喂养，给予20%蔗糖水饮用；A、B组给予高脂高胆固醇致石饲料和20%蔗糖水并置于湿热环境中，造模周期为12周，其中A组全程处于湿热环境，B组造模后4周置于湿热环境。观察并记录各组小鼠造模前后的一般状态，进行旷场实验；造模结束后取材并进行相关指标检测。结果 与K组相比，M、A、B三组出现不同程度的湿热证的中医临床证候表现，体视镜下小鼠胆囊可见不同程度浑浊，HE染色表明肝脏、小肠、舌组织出现胆结石和湿热证相关的病理性改变，血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）、总胆红素（TBIL）和间接胆红素（IBIL）也不同程度的增高，胆汁中胆固醇（TC）、胆汁酸（TBA）含量升高；综合评价以上结果，B组更显著地体现了胆囊胆固醇结石湿热证候。结论 给予高脂高胆固醇致石饲料和20%蔗糖水12周加湿热环境4周的综合造模方法，可复制质量良好的胆囊胆固醇结石湿热证动物模型。