加味八正散治疗湿热下注型糖尿病神经性膀胱的效果

目的 观察加味八正散治疗湿热下注型糖尿病神经性膀胱排尿功能的效果。方法 选择2012年6月~2018年12月我院收治的湿热下注型糖尿病神经性膀胱患者73例。按照随机数字表法分为实验组（39例）和对照组（34例）。对照组给予常规治疗,实验组在对照组基础上给予加味八正散治疗。比较两组临床治疗总有效率,治疗前后尿动力学指标水平。结果 实验组临床治疗总有效率为74.36%,高于对照组的50.00%（P＜0.05）。两组治疗后残余尿量、最大膀胱测压容积下降,平均尿流速和逼尿肌肌力增加,膀胱顺应性改善,且实验组各项指标改善均优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 加味八正散可改善湿热下注型糖尿病神经性膀胱的尿流动力学指标,减轻患者的排尿功能异常。     

Late diagnosis of fucosidosis in a child with progressive fixed dystonia,bilateral pallidal lesions and red spots on the skin

Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease. A 14-year-old girl is presented, with recurrent infections, progressive dystonic movement disorder and mental retardation with onset in early childhood. The clinical picture was also marked by mild morphologic features, but absent dysostosis multiplex and organomegaly. MRI images at 6.5 years of age were reminiscent of pallidal iron deposition (“eye-of-the-tiger” sign) seen in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. Progressively spreading angiokeratoma corporis diffusum led to the correct diagnosis. This case extends the scope of clinical and neuroradiological manifestations of fucosidosis.     

Evaluation of Streptococcus mutans adhesion to fluoride varnishes and subsequent change in biofilm accumulation and acidogenicity

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans adhesion to fluoride varnishes and subsequent change in biofilm accumulation and acidogenicity.

Methods

After producing fluoride varnish-coated hydroxyapatite discs using Fluor Protector (FP), Bifluorid 12 (BIF), Cavity Shield (CASH), or Flor-Opal Varnish White (FO), S. mutans biofilms were formed on the discs. To assess S. mutans adhesion to the discs, 4-h-old biofilms were analysed. To investigate the change in biofilm accumulation during subsequent biofilm formation, the biomass, colony forming units (CFU), and water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EP) of 46-, 70-, and 94-h-old biofilms were analysed. To investigate the change in acidogenicity, pH values of the culture medium were determined during the experimental period. The amount of fluoride in the culture medium was also determined during the experimental period.

Results

BIF, CASH, and FO affected S. mutans adhesion (67–98% reduction) and subsequent biofilm accumulation in 46-, 70-, and 94-h-old biofilms. However, the reducing effect of the fluoride varnishes on the biomass, CFU count, water-insoluble EP amount, and acid production rate of the biofilms decreased as the biofilm age increased. These results may be related to the fluoride-release pattern of the fluoride varnishes. Of the fluoride varnishes tested, FO showed the highest reducing effect against the bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm accumulation.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that if the results of these experiments are extrapolable to the in vivo situation, then reduced clinical benefit of using fluoride varnishes may occur with time.

Clinical significance

Fluoride varnish application can affect cariogenic biofilm formation but the anti-biofilm activity may be reduced with time.     

5例晚发型糖原贮积症Ⅱ型患者的临床分析

目的:探讨糖原贮积症的临床病理特征。方法:对5例晚发型糖原贮积症患者的临床、病理资料进行回顾性分析,并进行病理形态学、特殊染色及电镜观察。结果:本组5例患者体格检查显示四肢远近端、躯体肌肉均匀萎缩;四肢肌张力不同程度降低,颈肌力量稍差,Gewer征阳性。实验室检查血清肌酸激酶(CK)均有不同程度升高。肌电图显示多呈肌源性损害表现,其中3例伴强直样放电及飞机俯冲声。光镜下肌纤维束膜基本完整,染色不均,肌原纤维结构破坏,肌浆内空泡形成,部分肌纤维内见大量颗粒状物质堆积,HE染色表现为颗粒蓝染,GMR红染,PAS深染,NADH-TR染色显示脱失。电镜观察部分肌原纤维间见糖原颗粒聚集,聚集的糖原颗粒部分游离分散,但大多形成膜包绕的空腔结构。结论:糖原贮积症Ⅱ型是一种罕见的进展性溶酶体贮积病,由位于第17号染色体上的酸性α-葡糖苷酶(GAA)基因突变所致,呈常染色体隐性遗传。晚发型GSDⅡ型患者临床多隐匿起病,对于疑似患者,可根据病理形态学主要受累肌肉内糖原沉积并结合电镜观察及临床表现而得出,确诊及分型则需依靠GAA酶的测定或缺陷酶热点基因突变分析。人重组α-葡糖苷酶治疗该病,使患者预后显著改善。     

Lipid Accumulation Product Index to Predict Metabolic Syndrome in People Living with HIV

Background:Dyslipidemia and central obesity are the main components of metabolic syndrome, which represent important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The lipid accumulation product (LAP) index has been shown in studies as an efficient marker of metabolic syndrome in general adult population and its applicability in HIV-infected population is not discussed. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the LAP index to identify metabolic syndrome in people living with HIV.Methods:It is a cross-sectional study with 141 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, conducted in a reference centre of infectious diseases in southeast Brazil. Evaluations included LAP index, anthropometric measurements and clinical and laboratorial variables. Metabolic syndrome was defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.Results:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample was 10.6%. A positive and significant correlation was found between the metabolic syndrome and LAP (r=0.401; P<0.01), metabolic syndrome and body mass index (r=0.361; P<0.01) and metabolic syndrome and waist circumference (r=0.427; P<0.01) in our sample. The analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the best cut-off value for LAP index to define metabolic syndrome was 59.4 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 79% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.875. In female and male, analysis of the ROC curve revealed that the best cut-off value for LAP index to define metabolic syndrome was 56.3 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 82% and AUC of 0.929) and 52.0 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 74% and AUC of 0.838), respectively.Conclusion:Despite the low prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample, the ROC curves analyzes demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy as an additional screening tool of metabolic syndrome according to the IDF.     

消化性溃疡与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的中西医结合研究

经过纤维胃镜检查的３６１０例病人中有７７８例为消化性溃疡病人。对其中４０１例消化性溃疡病人胃窦部粘膜作了幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）检测、ＨＰ阳性者为３５６例，阳性率为８６．６％。与同期检测胃炎组阳性率５５．１％相比明显为高，差异显著。ＨＰ被认为是慢性胃窦炎的主要病因，也是消化性溃疡的重要致病因素。根除ＨＰ可提高ＤＵ治愈率，降低ＤＵ复发。ＨＰ阳性率在中医证型中表现为非脾虚组明显高于脾虚组，其中以脾胃湿热组最高。     

脂质蓄积指数、内脏脂肪指数对2型糖尿病患者一级亲属糖代谢的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)患者一级亲属中T2DM及葡萄糖调节受损(impaired glucose regulation, IGR)患者脂质蓄积指数(lipid accumulation product, LAP)、内脏脂肪指数(visceral fat index, VAI)的特征。方法 选取T2DM确诊患者(n=212)一级亲属共298例,依据葡萄糖代谢情况,将研究对象分为葡萄糖代谢正常(normal glucose tolerance, NGT)组(n=115)、IGR组(n=93)、T2DM组(n=90),并收集其临床资料。结果 3组性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3组年龄、身高、体重、体质量指数、腰围差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),NGT组年龄最小,T2DM组体重、腰围最大(均P<0.05)。NGT组、IGR组、T2DM组中心性肥胖发生率分别为52.17%、67.74%和78.88%,其中T2DM组肥胖率最高,T2DM组、IGR组的中心性肥胖率较NGT组高(均P<0.05)。3组LAP...     

螺旋CT检查急性缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气的表现特点及其临床诊断价值研究*

目的 探讨急性缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气CT表现特点,总结CT诊断的价值。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月~2017年6月我院收治的20例缺血性肠病所致门静脉和肠壁积气患者CT检查资料,使用德国西门子 Emotion 64层螺旋CT进行扫描。行纤维结肠镜检查,并取组织行病理学检查。结果 在20例患者中,缺血性肠病的病变部位在小肠者9例（空肠5例、回肠4例）,回盲部3例（累及回肠末端和升结肠）,结肠8例（横结肠3例、结肠肝曲2例、结肠脾曲1例、降结肠1例、乙状结肠1例）;所有患者均显示有门静脉积气,其中13例门静脉和肝静脉呈现广泛的积气,表现为树枝状气体影,另7例CT显示肝缘下肝静脉远端有气体影;所有患者CT均显示肠壁有积气,病变部位可见气泡状低密度影,10例为单气泡影、7例为多气泡影、3例为带状泡影;14例CT显示肠壁增厚和水肿,6例肠管扩张、肠壁变薄,4例腹腔积液;行增强CT检查10例,显示病变肠段的肠壁和肠系膜强化程度减弱,分层强化后显示为环形靶征和晕征;所有患者入院治疗后1~2 d进行CT复查,显示门静脉和肠壁积气有不同程度的吸收,其中门静脉积气完全吸收4例、明显吸收9例、少量吸收4例、无显著变化3例。肠壁积气完全吸收5例、明显吸收7例、少量吸收6例、无显著变化2例。结论 门静脉和肠壁积气的CT表现有特征性,使用 CT检查对急性缺血性肠病患者的诊断有较好的临床应用价值。     

苦瓜蛋白通过下调miR-23b-3p促进三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1表达

目的前期工作发现苦瓜蛋白(MD28)可上调THP-1源性泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)的表达而减少胞内的脂质蓄积,但其机制不清楚。文章拟从转录后水平分析其作用机制。方法首先用miRNA芯片技术分析经MD28干预后,50 mg/L ox-LDL处理48 h的THP-1源性泡沫细胞miRNA谱中下调1.5倍的micro RNA(miRNA),并与Genecards调控ABCA1基因表达的miRNA比较,找到二者共同miRNA,然后以荧光素酶报告基因系统验证其靶基因关系。qRT-PCR检测ABCA1 m RNA和miR-23b-3p的表达水平,Western blot检测蛋白表达水平,油红O染色测定胞内脂质蓄积。结果 miR-23b-3p是miRNA芯片和Genecards的交集,靶基因验证实验证实ABCA1是miR-23b-3p的靶基因。MD28剂量(0 g/L、0.4 g/L、1.2 g/L、3.6 g/L、5 g/L)和时间(0 h、6 h、12h、24 h、48 h)依赖性地上调ABCA1 m RNA及蛋白的表达水平,以1.2 g/L作用12 h最为显著。ox-LDL上调miR-23b-3p表达且被MD28抑制,MD28能减少胞内脂质蓄积,miR-23b-3p的抑制剂可拮抗MD28对ABCA1表达和胞内脂质蓄积的作用。结论 MD28通过下调miR-23b-3p介导其促进THP-1源性泡沫细胞ABCA1表达、减少胞内脂质蓄积作用。