Characterization of blood donors with high haemoglobin concentration

Background and Objectives The literature contains little on the prevalence and causes of high predonation haemoglobin levels among blood donors. This study aimed to characterize and develop an algorithm to manage would‐be donors with polycythaemia. Materials and Methods Between November 2009 and November 2011, we offered haematology consultations to blood donors with repeated haemoglobin concentration (Hb) above the WHO limit for polycythaemia vera (PV) (10·2 and 11·5 mm /16·5 and 18·5 g/dl for women and men, respectively). Investigation of such donors included Hb, haematocrit, mean cell volume, erythropoietin, ferritin, platelet count and leucocyte count, JAK2 V617 and JAK2 exon12 analysis, as well as other routine measurements. Results Among 46 such donors, 39 had a history of smoking, which contributes to erythrocytosis. Two had PV, five had severe hypertension, one of them because of renal artery stenosis, and two had diabetes mellitus. Thus, we found a high morbidity among such donors. Of the 36 others, 30 donated again before May 2012, at which time the Hb was significantly lower. Conclusion We recommend JAK2 V617 and JAK2 exon12 screening and clinical investigation for donors with concurrently high Hb, high haematocrit and iron deficiency. We also recommend that they stop or cut down on smoking to reduce the risk of thrombosis in general. We disqualified 10 of the donors.     

Prognostic value of desmoplastic stromal reaction,tumor budding and tumor-stroma ratio in stage II colorectal cancer

BackgroundExisting high-risk factors are insufficient to accurately predict the postoperative recurrence risk of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). The discovery of additional prognostic markers may be the key to improving the current status of stage II CRC treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship among desmoplastic reaction (DR), tumor budding (TBd), the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) and their prognostic value for relapse-free survival (RFS).MethodsIn this study, 207 patients with histologically confirmed stage II CRC from January 2012 to August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed from a single center; the cohort was divided into subgroups based on low or high TSR, and low, intermediate or high DR and TBd. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis and log-rank test were applied to examine RFS among subgroups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to identify independent factors associated with RFS, and a nomogram was subsequently developed.ResultsAbnormal CA242, CEA, T4 stage, presence of hypertension, internal obstruction or perforation (IOP), lymphovascular or/and perineural invasion (PNI), number of nodes examined less than 12, low-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-L), higher Ki-67 and immature DR were associated with a lower RFS. In multivariable analysis, DR (HR =2.111; 95% CI: 1.184–3.766; P=0.011), LVI (HR =1.919; 95% CI: 1.004–3.669; P=0.049) and PNI (HR =2.724; 95% CI: 1.362–5.448; P=0.005) were prognostic factors for RFS. On this basis, a nomogram that integrated DR and clinicopathologic predictors for predicting RFS passed the calibration and had an area under the curve of 0.826.ConclusionsThe prognostic significance of DR outperformed TBd and TSR, therefore, we recommend adding DR as a biomarker in routine pathological reports. The novel nomogram combining these factors may be used as a reliable and effective tool for the prediction of RFS in stage II CRC, thus helping optimize therapeutic regimens under cooperation of oncologists and surgeons. Further multicentric studies are required for validation of this novel, simple and cost-effective prognostic model.     

血清lncRNA XIST和SIRT1水平与DR的关系及其诊断价值

目的：检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)X非活性特异性转录本(XIST)、沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(SIRT1)表达水平,并探讨其与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的相关性及其诊断价值。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2022-01/2023-02在我院收治T2DM患者214例作为研究对象。根据是否发生视网膜病变,分为非DR组126例126眼,DR组88例88眼。另选取同期体检健康者130例为对照组。检测三组血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1水平并进行比较。采用Pearson法分析lncRNA XIST和SIRT1表达与DR的关系,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1单独及联合对DR的预测价值,多因素Logistic回归分析影响T2DM患者发生DR的因素。

结果：与对照组比较,非DR组和DR组血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1水平依次降低(均P<0.05); DR患者血清lncRNA XIST和SIRT1水平呈正相关(r=0.639,P<0.05); ROC分析显示,血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1联合预测DR的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.940,高于血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1单独检测的AUC(0.855、0.875)。Logistic回归分析显示,lncRNA XIST(OR=0.752)、SIRT1(OR=0.694)是DR发生的影响因素(均P<0.01)。

结论：DR患者血清lncRNA XIST、SIRT1水平均降低,lncRNA XIST联合SIRT1对DR发生有较好的评估效能。     

儿童活体肝移植术后罕见并发症——右侧膈疝

目的  分析儿童活体肝移植术后发生右侧膈疝的临床特点、致病原因和治疗经验。方法  回顾性分析3例儿童活体肝移植术后发生右侧膈疝受者的临床资料,分析其临床特点和诊疗经过,总结治疗经验。结果  3例活体肝移植术后发生膈疝患儿的原发性疾病均是胆道闭锁。膈疝发生时间为肝移植术后4~6个月。膈疝内容物包括腹膜内位和腹膜间位的组织和器官。膈肌缺损均位于右膈后内侧区,术中行一期间断缝合修补,长期随访无膈疝复发。结论  儿童活体肝移植术后发生右侧膈疝的临床表现多样,危险因素包括营养不良状态、低体质量、手术创伤、胆漏导致的化学腐蚀、局灶性感染以及胸膜-腹腔内压力梯度等。手术干预是肝移植术后膈疝的首选治疗策略。     

供肝保存液的演变和革新

器官保存液能够改善移植物冷缺血损伤和维持移植物良好的功能。目前,如何减少供肝在冷缺血期间引起的一系列损伤,改善和提高移植物的保存质量,是目前该领域研究的热点和难点。现阶段,临床上的保存液仍未达到理想的保存效果,尤其是对于边缘供器官的保护作用不尽如人意。在当今供者极度匮乏的情况下,为了改善移植物免受冷缺血损伤,其关键要素仍然是寻求最佳的供肝保存方案。本文总结了供肝在冷缺血期间的损伤机制,保存液的分类及供肝保存液的演变历程,探讨了供肝保存液的发展方向及面临的困境,为供肝保存液的研发提供新思路和参考。     

Propensity score-based analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy,lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

We applied two propensity score-based analyses to simultaneously compare three treatment modalities—stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), lobectomy, or sublobar resection (SLR)—for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the aim of clarifying the average treatment effect (ATE) and formulating a risk-adapted approach to treatment selection. A retrospective review of 823 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent SBRT, lobectomy, or SLR for stage I NSCLC was conducted. The following two analyses using machine learning-based propensity scores were performed: (i) propensity score weighting (PSW) to assess the ATE in the entire cohort, and (ii) propensity score subclassification (PSS) to evaluate treatment effects of subgroups. PSW showed no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival (OS) between SBRT and SLR (60.0% vs 61.2%; P = 0.70) and significant difference between SBRT and lobectomy (60.0% vs 77.6%; P = 0.026). Local (LR) and distant recurrence (DR) rates were significantly lower in lobectomy than in SBRT, whereas there was no significant difference between SBRT and SLR. PSS identified four subgroups with different patient characteristics: lobectomy-oriented (5-year cumulative incidences of non-lung cancer death, 7.5%), SLR-oriented (14.2%), SBRT-oriented (23.8%) and treatment-neutral subgroups (16.1%). Each subgroup showed different survival trends regarding the three treatments. The ATE of SBRT was not significantly different from that of SLR, but it was inferior to lobectomy. Four subgroups with different risks of non-lung cancer death and different survival trends for each treatment were identified. These would help decision-making for patients with stage I NSCLC.     

高龄亲属活体供肾在青年受体内病理学改变的长期研究

目的  通过长期病理随访探讨青年受体接受高龄亲属活体供肾肾移植的安全性。方法  根据供体年龄不同,将28例青年受体分为观察组（14例,高龄供体）和对照组（14例,中青年供体）。分别比较两组移植肾术后7年的存活情况及术后各时间点的血清肌酐（Scr）水平;比较两组在零时、术后6个月、术后7年移植肾活组织检查（活检）的慢性病理损伤评分;比较两组受体术后6个月、术后7年移植肾间质纤维化相关指标结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、转化生长因子（TGF）-β、层黏连蛋白（LN）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）及细胞衰老相关指标细胞间连接蛋白（Cx）43及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）的表达量。结果  观察组和对照组移植肾术后7年存活率分别为78.5%和92.8%,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。观察组、对照组术后7 d Scr水平分别为190、160 μmol/L,术后1个月Scr水平分别为170、125 μmol/L,观察组术后各时间点的Scr水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。观察组移植肾组织零时活检的慢性病理损伤总评分明显高于对照组（P > 0.05）,但两组术后7年的慢性病理损伤总评分无明显差异（P > 0.05）。观察组和对照组组内各时间点比较,术后7年活检的慢性病理损伤总评分均高于零时活检及术后6个月活检的慢性病理损伤总评分（均为P > 0.05）。两组术后7年移植肾组织中CTGF、TGF-β、LN、FN、mTOR、Cx43表达量的比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。结论  长期随访结果显示青年受体接受高龄供肾与接受中青年供肾的病理学改变相似,从病理学角度考虑青年受体接受高龄供肾是安全可行的。     

脂肪变性供肝冷缺血损伤的研究进展

肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的重要手段,然而供者短缺限制了肝移植的发展,如何扩大供肝来源成为学术界的难题。近年来非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）供者比例增加,合理利用脂肪变性供肝是扩大供者池的可行方案。肝移植前供肝保存过程的冷缺血损伤增加了术后器官功能不全的发生率。因此了解脂肪变性供肝冷缺血损伤机制和干预措施尤为重要。脂肪变性供肝冷缺血损伤在细胞器层面具体表现为线粒体、溶酶体、内质网的损伤,蛋白层面主要表现腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）、乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）、血红素加氧酶（HO）-1的表达增加。本文就脂肪变性供肝冷缺血损伤的研究进展及相关干预措施做一综述。     

2023中国转移性肝癌肝移植多中心合作项目研讨会会议纪要

由浙江大学郑树森院士领衔,汇集全国28家肝移植中心的中国首个转移性肝癌肝移植多中心合作项目在上海启动,围绕转移性肝癌肝移植入组条件、转移性肝癌肝移植风险评估与预后判断、转移性肝癌肝移植围手术期用药、多中心合作项目实施细节四项议题,与会专家展开深入交流和讨论,并以调查问卷形式凝聚共识、明确方向,致力于推动国内高质量规范化开展转移性肝癌肝移植临床研究。