日本血吸虫DNA疫苗研究进展

日本血吸虫病是一种严重危害人类健康的寄生虫病,目前,主要通过实施人畜吡喹酮为主的化疗来防治,但不能有效地防止再感染.日本血吸虫寿命长、危害大、动物宿主多,单一的药物不能阻断传播.     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术在生殖细胞DNA损伤检测中的应用

单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)是一种快速检测单个细胞DNA损伤的实验技术,在生殖细胞DNA损伤的检测中广泛应用。本综述系统介绍了SCGE在睾丸生精细胞、支持细胞、间质细胞、卵巢细胞以及卵母细胞等生殖细胞DNA损伤检测中的应用现状,并对SCGE在生殖毒性检测中的发展提出了展望。     

Observations on two members of the Swedish family with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia,type III

Abstract: Two affected individuals of the Swedish family with CDA, type III, in which the disease is transmitted as an autosomal dominant character, were studied. Both cases displayed features hitherto undescribed in this family but described in patients with CDA, type III, in whom the inheritance may have been as an autosomal recessive character. Such features were: (a) haemosiderinuria, (b) grossly disorganised erythroblast nuclei, (c) differences in the ultrastructural appearances of individual nuclei within the same multinucleate erythroblast and (d) intraerythroblastic inclusions resembling precipitated globin chains. In both cases the giant mononucleate erythroblasts and the multinucleate erythroblasts had total DNA contents up to 28c (1c = haploid DNA content) and 48c respectively, and some DNA synthesising bi- and multinucleate erythroblasts contained one or more nuclei which were unlabelled with ³H-thymidine. These findings are similar to those in patients with the autosomal recessive type of disease. Thus no major phenotypic differences are yet apparent between cases of CDA, type III, with different patterns of inheritance. Analysis of the surface erythrocyte proteins of the 2 Swedish CDA, type III, patients with monoclonal antibodies recognising Band 3, glycophorins A, B, C and D, Rh, CD44, CD47, CD55, CD58, CD59, Lutheran, Kell, LW and acetylcholinesterase did not reveal any gross abnormality of expression of these proteins. A slightly altered expression of blood group antigens A and H was revealed by the lectins Dolichos biflorus and Ulex europaeus and the Mr of Band 3 as judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also slightly reduced, suggesting that there may be minor alterations in the degree of N-glycosylation of some red cell membrane constituents.     

涎腺腺样囊性癌氩离子激光流式细胞术分析及其临床意义

为探讨流式细胞术对涎腺腺样囊性癌的诊断和预后估计的价值，对４１例腺样囊性癌行流式细胞术分析。结果，平均ＤＮＡ指数为１．１７９，Ｓ期细胞比例为２９．４９％，细胞增殖指数为４２．６７％，均明显高于正常组织。异倍体检出率为７０．７３％。随着肿瘤的增大和恶性程度的增加，其异倍体率、ＤＮＡ指数和Ｓ期细胞比例值也相应增加。流式细胞术为涎腺腺样囊性癌的病理诊断和确定恶性程度提供了有效的辅助诊断措施，但尚不能判断预后。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应在尖锐湿疣诊断中的应用

目的　探讨荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (FQ - PCR)对尖锐湿疣 (CA )的诊断价值。方法　 FQ- PCR检测病理确诊的 CA患者 36份标本和健康人 84份标本 ;FQ- PCR及病理诊断同期检测临床送检病例 2 73份标本 ,并做诊断性试验评价。结果　 36例病理确诊的 CA患者 HPV6和 HPV11的 DNA FQ- PCR全部阳性 ,平均拷贝数为 1.0× 10 7± 1.0× 10 2 / m l;84例健康人 FQ- PCR全部阴性 ,平均拷贝数为 3× 10± 2× 10 / ml。 FQ- PCR与病理诊断符合率为 10 0 % ,CA患者与健康人拷贝数的差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。FQ- PCR与病理诊断对比得出 :灵敏度为 10 0 % ,特异度为 92 % ,误诊率为 0 .0 8,漏诊率为 0 ,准确度为 98.9% ,阳性预测值为 98.8% ,阴性预测值为 10 0 % ,阳性似然比为 12 .5 ,阴性似然比为 0。结论　 FQ - PCR能准确定量 ,灵敏度高 ,特异性强 ,快速 ,简便 ,可作为尖锐湿疣早期诊断的指标     

Detection of a human chromosomal translocation t(8;9) in a baby with multiple malformations using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

A human chromosomal translocation t(8;9) was detected using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes capable of staining the entire lengths of each of these chromosomes. The chromosome 8 probe was labeled with biotin and detected with Texas red, while the chromosome 9 probe was labeled with AAF and detected with FITC . In normal metaphase spreads, two metaphases from the proband, two red, one green and one part red and part green derivative chromosome were seen. The bicolor chromosome corresponded to translocation of a chromosome 8 segment to the distal part of the q region of one chromosome 9, as originally indicated by banding analysis. In interphase nuclei of the proband, four domains with bright fluorescence were recognized in many nuclei. Two were red, one was green, and the fourth had portions of both colors, indicating the presence of the translocation.     

Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in the rat using a monoclonal anti-5-bromodeoxyuridine antibody

Summary. The utility of the 5-bromodeoxy-uridine (BrdUrd) labelling technique for the quantitative analysis of spermatogenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was investigated in the rat. Rat testicles were labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg kg⁻¹ of BrdUrd. The testicles were removed 1 h after injection, fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. BrdUrd-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. The number of BrdUrd-labelled tubules per total number of tubules (percent L.T.), the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per total number of tubules (tubular ratio) and the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per number of Sertoli cells (Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells) were calculated as indices of spermatogenic DNA synthesis during each stage of the seminiferous epithelial wave. BrdUrd labelling was found exclusively in the nuclei of spermatogonia and in preleptotene spermatocytes in the seminiferous epithelium. The percent L.T. was generally greater than 50%, except in stages VI, VII and XIV, and the tubular as well as Sertoli cell ratios in BrdUrd-labelled cells was greater than 2.0 and 0.15, respectively, in stages I, II-III, V, VIII, X, and XII. The tubular ratio and Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells along the seminiferous epithelial wave had two distinct peaks. The distribution of the tubular ratio using the BrdUrd-labelling technique correlated well with the distribution previously established by measuring tritiated thymidine uptake per tubule. Thus, the BrdUrd labelling technique, which is more efficient than the tritiated thymidine labelling technique, can be used to quantitatively evaluate spermatogenic DNA synthesis.     

Characterization of certain hepatocyte-proliferating and/or protective factors induced by the sensitization of freezing-thawing hepatic tissue

Although tumor cryosurgery would be expected to produce beneficial immunological effects from the enhancement of anti-tumor activity, under certain conditions the tumor may become enlarged and metastases promoted due to increased immunosuppressive activity and a high zone tolerance. In the present study, we examined whether hepatocyteproliferating factors were produced by the inoculation of freezing-thawing hepatic tissue (FTHT). Serum obtained from rats inoculated with FTHT increased DNA synthesis, according to measurement by [³H]thymidine incorporation in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. This increase was dependent on the serum concentration, with serum obtained on day 14 after the inoculation being the most potent for hepatocyte proliferation. The sensitized serum promoted DNA synthesis nearly as much as serum obtained from a 70% hepatectomized rat, but slightly less than 10ng/ml hepatocyte growth factor. The sensitized serum also protected hepatocytes from carbon tetrachloride (CCI₄)-induced hepatotoxicity. Optical density measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrozolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay was increased, and the release of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in medium was decreased by treating hepatocytes damaged by CCI₄ with the sensitized serum. These results suggest that certain hepatocyte-proliferating and protective factors are induced in serum by the inoculation of freezing-thawing hepatic tissue, and that the sensitized serum may be useful in the treatment of liver failure.     

Clastogenic effect of fenfluramine in mice bone marrow cells in vivo

Fenfluramine, an amphetamine derivative used in the treatment of obesity, has been evaluated in vivo in the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice using two cytogenetic endpoints for assessing its genotoxic and clastogenic potentials. Concentrations of 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg b.w. were administered orally for the study of sister chromatid exchange frequencies and chromosome aberrations (CA). SCE frequencies showed a positive dose response; 1.5 mg/kg being the minimum effective concentration. Fen caused a prolongation of cell cycle at all concentrations. Except for the minimum therapeutic dose (0.75 mg), all other doses (1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg) showed a significant increase in the percentage of damaged cells over that of the vehicle control. The degree of clastogenicity was directly proportional to the dosage used and inversely related with the duration of treatment. A gradual reduction of the clastogenic potential was observed after 12 and 24 hr of exposure, indicating that the maximum effect occurs at the middle or late synthetic phase of the cell cycle. This study, probably the first detailed screening of the drug for its genotoxicity, shows that Fen is moderately clastogenic and a DNA damaging agent in vivo.