反复感染手足口病患儿的预防和治疗

目的探讨消毒隔离结合免疫及营养治疗在预防和治疗反复感染手足口病患儿中的作用。 方法收集初次就诊的手足口病患儿共400例，利用随机数字表将患者分为治疗组与对照组各200例，治疗组患儿定期给予消毒隔离健康教育及营养随访，再次患病后给予个体化营养支持治疗。对照组患儿仅在感染手足口病后给予常规治疗。比较两组患儿手足口病再发率和重症率等指标。 结果治疗组患儿平均退热时间为（1.7 ± 1.1）d、皮疹消退时间为（4.0 ± 1.3）d、平均住院天数为（5.6 ± 2.4）d、抗菌药物使用率为19%（38/200）、激素使用率为8%（16/200），均显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（t = 10.028、8.677、8.353、20.650、11.312，P = 0.015、0.032、0.001、0.004、0.011）。治疗组患儿1年内再发率、重症率和并发症发生率分别为12%（24/200）、1%（2/200）和5%（10/200），显著低于对照组患儿，差异均有统计学意义（χ² = 9.21、0.88、7.24，P = 0.010、0.002、0.007）。 结论健康教育、营养随访及个体化营养支持治疗可降低手足口病的再发率及重症率，改善临床结局。     

Can We Discharge Dynamically Risk-Stratified Low-Risk (Excellent Response to Treatment) Thyroid Cancer Patients After 5 Years of Follow-Up?

Aims

The 2014 British Thyroid Association thyroid cancer guidelines recommend lifelong follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. This is probably unnecessary, can cause patient anxiety, is time consuming and places significant demand on National Health Service resources. It has been suggested that low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients could be discharged to primary care once they are 5 years from diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential safety of this practice.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in multivessel coronary disease patients: short- and long-term follow-up in single and multiple dilatations

Transluminal coronary angioplasty was successfully performed in 658 of 752 patients with multivessel disease. An angiographic success was achieved in 1198 of 1358 lesions (88%). One lesion was attempted in 338 patients (45%); 2 in 273 (37%); 3, in 101 (13%); and, 4 or more in 40 cases (5.3%). Significant complications occurred in 39 patients (5.2%): 19 (2.5%) had a transmural infarction; 26 (3.5%) required urgent myocardial revascularization; and 14 (1.9%) died. An apparent lesion recurrence occurred in 233 of 658 (35%) patients with 162 of 171 (95%) having a successful second coronary angioplasty. A second apparent lesion recurrence occurred in 37 of 162 patients (23%) with 24 of 28 (86%) having a successful third coronary angioplasty. Clinical improvement (mean follow-up: 31 +/- 17 months) persisted in 81% of successful patients. The cumulative probability of survival was 91.5% at 72 months. Survival was adversely affected, at 63 months, by the presence of prior bypass surgery (no prior bypass surgery, 94% vs. prior bypass surgery, 86%; p less than 0.05): at 24 months by a low left ventricular ejection fraction (less than or equal to 35%, 82% vs. left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 35%, 95%; p less than 0.01) and, at 57 months, in the multiple dilatation group with prior bypass surgery (no bypass surgery 96% vs. prior bypass surgery 84%; p less than 0.05). Multiple dilatation had a beneficial effect upon survival, at 27 months, in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 35% [single dilatation, 74% vs. multiple dilatation, 93%; p less than 0.001], and in patients greater than or equal to 70 years, at 39 months (79% vs. multiple dilatation, 92%; p less than 0.01). These data suggest that coronary angioplasty can be an effective treatment in patients with multivessel coronary disease without the need to dilate all diseased vessels, with good success, acceptable complication rates, and a reasonable expectation of satisfactory long-term clinical improvement.     

社区老年脑卒中患者家庭跟进式护理的效果观察

目的 观察社区老年脑卒中患者家庭跟进式护理的效果。 方法 选取2015年1~12月出院的老年脑卒中患者97例,采用隐匿随机数字表法将其分为2组。对照组48例仅进行随访和评估,观察组49例给予社区家庭跟进式护理。比较2组患者出院时、居家6个月后的血压、血糖、血脂、并发症发生率、再次卒中发生率和戒烟、戒酒、锻炼情况及生活能力、运动功能。 结果 居家6个月后观察组血压、血糖、血脂、戒烟、戒酒、锻炼达标率分别为73.47%、97.96%、61.22%、71.43%,明显高于对照组的54.17%、79.17%、37.50%、29.17%,Barthel指数、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分均高于对照组(t=5.119,P=0.035; t=5.873,P=0.031),并发症发生率低于对照组(χ²=5.538,P=0.019)。2组患者再次卒中发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.242)。 结论 社区家庭跟进式护理可有效控制脑卒中患者发病的危险因素,降低并发症发生率,而且可根据患者恢复情况给予科学的指导和督促,对恢复患者生活能力和运动功能有显著的作用。     

河南省艾滋病随访管理人员能力评价及影响因素分析

目的:对河南省艾滋病随访管理人员能力进行评价并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用匿名问卷调查的方式,对河南省5个艾滋病防治示范县/市从事艾滋病随访管理工作的139名人员进行调查,并对相关影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果:河南省艾滋病随访管理人员能力评价总体得分为(27.78±5.50)分,达标率为80.58%,其中8项基本技能评价中得分最高的为专业基础知识技能(3.71±1.00)分。进一步分析显示,影响艾滋病随访管理人员能力的主要因素有:单位级别为乡/镇级(OR=6.709)、单位级别为县/市级(OR=8.348)、学历为大专及以上(OR=6.012)、编制为在编(OR=4.252)、随访工作时间为5~a(OR=7.999)、随访工作时间为10~a(OR=5.382)、培训级别为省级及以上(OR=4.220)。结论:河南省艾滋病随访管理人员能力能够满足当前基本工作任务的需要,优化人力资源配置、提高岗位吸引力、开展高层次的专业技术培训能够进一步提高艾滋病随访管理人员的能力。     

Longer time spent in bed attempting to sleep is associated with rapid renal function decline: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study

Introduction: Prospective evidence on the relation between time in bed and renal dysfunction remains limited. We aimed to investigate the association of time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) with renal function decline in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.

Methods: About 16,733 eligible participants with a mean age of 62.3 years at baseline were included. Rapid renal function decline was defined as (baseline eGFR???revisit eGFR)/years of follow-up ≥5?mL/min per 1.73 m²/year. A total of 1738 study participants experienced rapid renal function decline after a median 4.6-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses.

Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of rapid renal function decline was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37) for TSBS ≥9?h/night compared with TSBS 7 to <8?h/night. This association remained significant (OR?=?1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) after further adjustment for sleep quality, midday napping and usage of sleeping pills. Particularly, the association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

Conclusions: Longer TSBS (≥9?h) was independently associated with an increased risk of rapid renal function decline. Our findings emphasized the importance to have optimal TSBS.

• Key messages

• Our study firstly investigated the association between time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) and renal dysfunction in Chinese adults.

• Compared with individuals TSBS 7 to <8?h, individuals with TSBS ≥9?h had 19% increased risk for rapid renal function decline after adjustment for multivariate confounders.

• The association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

     

Plasma total homocysteine levels and prognosis in patients with previous premature myocardial infarction: a 10-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVES: To explore plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) as a predictor of long-term prognosis after premature myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTINGS: Akershus University Hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 247 patients (193 men and 54 women) in stable clinical phase after premature MI (males: first MI at age < or =55; females < or =60). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end-point was total mortality and the secondary end-point was cardiac death. The third end-point was major cardiac events: a combination of cardiac death, MI and cardiac arrest. RESULTS: After 10 years, 44 patients had died, 36 from cardiac causes. Major cardiac event occurred in 70 patients. The relative risk for death of all causes increased 1.43 (95% CI, 1.08-1.88) per tHcy quartile (P for trend = 0.01), and was only modestly reduced after adjustment for age, ejection fraction, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, smoking and hypertension to 1.37 (95% CI, 1.04-1.80) (P for trend = 0.03). Similar results were observed when cardiac death was used as the end-point, but we observed no association between tHcy and the end-point major cardiac event. CONCLUSIONS: Total homocysteine was an independent predictor of total and cardiac mortality in stable patients following premature MI. tHcy had no effect on major cardiac event in contrast to most other risk factors in this study. Thus, the mechanism(s) underlying the effects of homocysteine on coronary heart disease may differ from other risk factors.     

High preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen predicts metastatic recurrence in potentially curative colonic cancer: Results of a five-year study

INTRODUCTION: Serum carcinoembryonic antigen is used mainly for tumor follow-up to detect recurrence of colonic cancer. However, raised preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels may be helpful for the identification of understaged cases and of patients meriting more intensive preoperative and postoperative diagnostic workup. METHODS: From a prospectively collected database, the data on 261 patients who had curative colonic carcinoma with a minimal follow-up of five years and who had preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels assessed were retrieved and analyzed. Outcome parameters were local and/or distant recurrence and time to recurrence. These parameters were correlated with Dukes staging and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels. RESULTS: The cumulative diseasefree survival of patients with a preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level within the normal range was significantly better than that of those whose carcinoembryonic antigen was 5 ng/ml or more (P=0.001). No patient with carcinoembryonic antigen levels less than 1 ng/ml developed metastatic recurrence. Twenty-three percent of all patients with a raised carcinoembryonic antigen above 5 ng/ml compared with 2.1 percent of patients with carcinoembryonic antigen below 5 ng/ml developed a metastasis at two years. At five years, these figures were 37.2 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively. Dukes staging and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were found to be directly correlated (P<0.001) when all patients were included. Carcinoembryonic antigen of more of 15 ng/ml was found to be a significant adverse prognostic indicator for disease-free survival irrespective of Dukes staging (P<0.02). Raised carcinoembryonic antigen levels predicted distant metastatic recurrence (P<0.001) but did not predict local recurrence (P=0.72). CONCLUSIONS: High preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels above 15 ng/ml predicted an increased risk of metastatic recurrence in potentially curative colonic cancer and may indicate undetectable disseminated disease. Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels predict understaging and the possibility of distant recurrence. Such patients may therefore be selected for adjuvant therapy where indicated. Therefore, carcinoembryonic antigen is complementary to conventional Dukes staging for the prediction of recurrence and survival.