腺性膀胱炎的临床诊断与外科治疗探讨

目的探讨腺性膀胱炎的临床诊断与外科治疗,提高腺性膀胱炎的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析射阳县中医院于2004年1月至2007年12月诊治腺性膀胱炎患者的临床资料。结果本组22例患者均在硬脊膜外阻滞麻醉下行经尿道膀胱汽化电切术,术后留置导尿管5d,常规抗感染1周,1周后开始用化疗药作膀胱灌注。术中无膀胱穿孔,术后无尿失禁、膀胱颈狭窄等并发症,22例随访18个月～4年,平均(2.8±0.8)年,17例治愈,好转4例,复发1例。结论膀胱镜活检病理学检查是诊断腺性膀胱炎的可靠方法;经尿道电切术联合丝裂霉素膀胱灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎疗效满意,不良反应少,可作为治疗腺性膀胱炎的首选方法。     

Acute bladder inflammation differentially affects rat spinal visceral nociceptive neurons

The present investigation examined the effect of inflammation produced by intravesical zymosan on spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses to urinary bladder distension (UBD). Extracellular single-unit recordings of neurons excited by UBD were obtained in spinalized female Sprague–Dawley rats. Neurons were classified as Type I—inhibited by heterotopic noxious conditioning stimuli (HNCS) or as Type II—not inhibited by a HNCS. In Experiment 1—following neuronal characterization, 1% zymosan was infused into the bladder and after 2 h spinal units were recharacterized. Control rats received intravesical saline or subcutaneous zymosan. In Experiment 2—rats were pretreated with intravesical zymosan 24 h prior to surgical preparation. Control rats received anesthesia only. 137 spinal dorsal horn neurons excited by UBD were characterized. In comparison with controls, Type II neurons demonstrated increased spontaneous and UBD-evoked activity following intravesical zymosan treatment (both Experiments 1 and 2) whereas Type I neurons demonstrated either no change (Experiment 1) or decreased activity (Experiment 2) following bladder inflammation. No significant changes were noted in neuronal activity in control experiments. Inflammation differentially affects subpopulations of spinal dorsal horn neurons excited by UBD that can be differentiated according to the effect of HNCS. This results in an altered pattern of spinal sensory transmission that may serve as the mechanism for the generation of visceral nociception.     

单核细胞趋化因子-1在间质性膀胱炎中表达的研究

目的 探讨单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)在间质性膀胱炎(IC)患者膀胱组织和尿液中的表达水平及其意义. 方法根据美国国立糖尿病、消化、肾病协会IC诊断标准确诊女性IC患者35例,感染性膀胱炎(UI)患者20例,肾囊肿患者25例作为正常对照组.IC患者平均年龄47(31～65)岁.主诉下腹酸胀/疼痛和夜尿次数多,伴有尿频尿急;已生育30例.均行24 h排尿卡记录、IC症状及问题评分表(O'Leary-Sant评分表)、钾离子敏感试验(PST)和麻醉状态下水扩张后膀胱镜检查.膀胱镜检查获取3组患者膀胱组织和尿液样本,免疫组化染色方法观察MCP-1在IC组织中的表达分布.RT-PCR技术测定3组膀胱组织中MCP-1 mRNA表达水平,酶联免疫吸附试验测定3组尿液标本中MCP-1水平. 结果 IC、UI、对照组尿液标本中MCP-1浓度分别为(74.1±36.9)、(280.6±68.9)、(10.8±6.9)pg/ml;膀胱组织中MCP-1相对定量值分别为76.2±24.0、99.5±30.1、36.1±14.1.lC组和UI组中组织/尿液中MCP-1表达水平均高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).IC组临床症状评分为(14.9±1.8)分,与MCP-1升高水平呈正相关(r=0.686). 结论 IC患者膀胱组织和尿液中MCP-1表达升高,可能成为IC诊断的非特异性免疫指标之一.     

BK VIRUS-ASSOCIATED FATAL RENAL FAILURE FOLLOWING LATE-ONSET HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS IN AN UNRELATED BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

The human polyomavirus BK (BKV)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) has been a frequent and seldom life-threatening complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The authors report a male with myelodysplastic syndrome, who developed BKV-associated late-onset HC 12 days after HLA-matched unrelated BMT. His urine contained epithelial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies suggestive of BKV infection and was positive for BKV in polymerase chain reaction. He did not respond to any treatment for HC. In addition, he developed BKV-associated acute renal failure on day 26, followed by hepatic veno-occlusive disease on day 42. This is the first case in which BKV may be associated with fatal progressive renal failure.     

钾离子敏感试验与间质性膀胱炎PUF评分的相关性研究

目的 探讨钾离子敏感试验(PST)与间质性膀胱炎(IC)盆腔疼痛和尿频、尿急症状(PUF)评分的相关性及意义.方法 IC患者14例.女13例,男1例.平均年龄48岁.临床表现主要为尿频、尿急、膀胱克盈后耻骨上及会阴区疼痛.14例均依据美国糖尿病、消化及肾病协会(NIDDK)IC诊断标准确诊.采用膀胱水囊扩张后碳酸氢钠、利多卡因及肝素钠灌注治疗.治疗前后均行PST评分和PUF评分,并分析二者之间的关系.结果 14例患者治疗前后PST评分中位数分别为4.0、1.0,PUF评分中位数分别为27.5、13.5,治疗前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).PST评分与PUF评分呈正相关(治疗前rs=0.868,t=4.418,P=0.001;治疗后rs=0.779,t=4.300,P=0.001).结论 PST和PUF评分在IC中表现出一致性,可单独作为IC诊断、鉴别诊断、病情严重程度及治疗效果判定的重要指标.     

腺性膀胱炎的临床诊治(附30例报告)

目的：提高腺性腺胱炎诊治水平，方法：对30例腺性腺胱炎患者行抗感染，经尿道电切，膀胱内药物灌注治疗等。结果：30例随访6－45个月，其中治愈23例，3例病情无变化，2例好转者于6－12个月内复发，2例有恶变倾向，病检仍为腺性膀胱炎，结论：膀胱镜检查结合活检对腺性腺胱炎早期诊断具有重要意义，经尿道电切加膀胱药物灌注是腺性腺胱炎的有效治疗方法。     

Eosinophil infiltration in posttransurethral resection prostatitis and cystitis with special reference to sequential changes of eosinophilia

Posttransurethral resection (TUR) status in the prostate and urinary bladder has been infrequently documented. Furthermore, sequential changes in eosinophil count in peripheral blood (PB) after TUR have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, eosinophil counts and changes in eosinophils in PB were examined before to after TUR of the prostate (P) in 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Among them, 14 patients exhibited increased numbers of eosinophils, the greatest increase being 17%. After TUR to treat bladder tumor (BT), massive infiltration of eosinophils into the resected areas, peaking 1 month later, was also detected in 8 of 15 cases of post-TUR cystitis. The PB eosinophil counts increased by more than 5% in two of five cases of post-TUR cystitis in which eosinophil counts were obtained before and after surgery. Most infiltrating eosinophils reacted positively to antibodies to eosinophil cationic proteins. These results indicated that, in patients with post-TUR prostatitis, the number of eosinophils in PB increased, and peaked 1 month later, with infiltration by eosinophils observed. Pathologists and urologists should be aware of the potential for increase in eosinophils not only in regions of TUR but also in PB.     

Measuring diagnostic accuracy of imaging parameters in pelvic lipomatosis

Objectives

To study whether the individual radiological findings can help predict diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis (PL) or, specifically appreciate its progression.

Methods

Data from 32 clinically proven cases of PL and 25 controls were collected. Two reviewers were recruited for a blinded evaluation, image features were recorded in terms of: (1) bladder shape; (2) bladder-rectosigmoid morphological indexes including ratio of superior–inferior to anterior–posterior length of bladder (SI/AP), angle between anterior and posterior wall (AAP), relative length of posterior urethra (rLPU), angle between bladder and seminal vesicle (ABS) and rectosigmoid morphological index (RMI); (3) secondary complications. Results were evaluated by an unpaired t test and ROC analysis.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity were 40.6% and 100% for pear and banana-shaped bladder, 62.5% and 100% for SI/AP, 40.6% and 100% for AAP, 62.5% and 100% for ABS, 78.1% and 72% for rLPU, 59.4% and 96% for RMI, respectively. These radiological findings partially correlated with the severity of disease weighted by hydronephrosis and treatment grade. Image analysis demonstrated high prevalence of glandular cystitis (100%) and hydronephrosis (73.4%).

Conclusion

We conclude that PL is a progressive disease involving multiple pelvic organs with high prevalence of intractable cystitis and hydronephrosis. The imaging characteristics can help predict diagnosis and, specifically appreciate progression.     

男性间质性膀胱炎18例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨男性间质性膀胱炎(IC)临床诊断和治疗方法,以提高男性IC的诊治效率. 方法 2010年1 -12月收治男性IC患者18例,患者均表现为明显的耻骨上区和腹股沟区疼痛,并伴有尿频、尿急症状.18例均曾误诊为ⅢB型前列腺炎,且治疗无效.按照NIDDK的IC诊断标准,根据PUF表评分＞15分、钾离子通透试验(PST)阳性以及麻醉下膀胱镜检查发现“红斑征”确诊IC.18例治疗前均行24 h排尿卡记录、尿常规、前列腺液常规及细菌培养等检查,并行麻醉下水扩张治疗.术后口服托特罗定缓释片治疗,每天1次,每次4 mg,疗程1个月;同时术后1周开始行膀胱灌注治疗(2％利多卡因20 ml+肝素3.75万U+5％碳酸氢钠5 ml),每周2次,疗程12周. 结果 18例患者水扩张术后采用PUF表评分和24h排尿卡记录进行随访,随访时间12～25个月,平均19个月,患者症状均获得缓解.治疗前后PUF评分值分别为(19.2±4.1)、(13.6±2.4)分;24 h平均排尿次数分别为(11.5±3.9)、(7.5±4.3)次;24h平均每次排尿量分别为(159.5±30.8)、(241.7±45.3)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论 男性IC与(Ⅲ)B型前列腺炎临床症状相似,可通过PUF评分、PST试验以及麻醉下膀胱镜检查提高男性IC的诊断率,结合水扩张和术后口服托特罗定缓释片联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗可显著改善男性IC患者的临床症状.     

经尿道钬激光联合吉西他滨灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨经尿道钬激光联合吉西他滨灌注治疗腺性膀胱炎（ cystitis glandularis ,CG）的疗效。方法52例CG患者经活组织检查、膀胱镜检等方法确诊后,均行经尿道钬激光切除,术后采取吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗进行治疗。结果52例患者获得6～36个月随访,33例治愈,8例好转,4例6～12个月复发,均未发生癌变。结论经尿道钬激光切除联合术后吉西他滨膀胱内灌注治疗CG术后复发率低,并发症少,安全性高。