Lichtexposition und Lokalisation

Zusammenfassend kann ausgesagt werden, daß unter Zugrundelegung der in der Literatur bewährten diagnostischen Einteilung an unserem Melanomkollektiv von 1344 Ersterfassungen für die Gruppe der MmP eine signifikante Häufung im Kopf-Halsbereich bei beiden Geschlechtern aufzuzeigen ist. Damit kann Punkt 1 der einleitenden Kriterien bestätigt werden. Eine Bestätigung für Punkt 4 gelingt nicht, während keine Unterlagen vorhanden sind, die zu den Punkten 2 und 3 eine Aussage ermöglichen.

---

Mit Unterstützung der DFG im Rahmen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Malignes Melanom.     

Tolerance induction against a human kappaI-L-chain with subsequent immunization against kappaIII-L-chain in rabbits

Summary The variable parts of human immunoglobulin-L-chains were chemically subdivided into 3 kappa and 4 lambda subgroups. A serological typing was impossible till today because of the lack of specific antisera. The production of subgroup-specific antisera was examined after tolerance induction against a kappa protein and subsequent immunization with a protein of an other subgroup.     

Critical parameters in the cytotoxicity of photodynamic therapy using a pulsed laser

. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a pulsed laser is becoming popular, but its cytotoxic effect is still not clear. We therefore studied the cytotoxicity of PDT using a pulsed laser by changing its irradiation parameters and compared the degrees of cytotoxicity with those of PDT using continuous-wave (CW) light sources. Mice renal cell carcinoma cells were incubated with PAD-S31, a water-soluble photosensitiser of which the excitation peak is 670 nm, and were then irradiated with either a tungsten lamp, a CW diode laser, or a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser-based optical parametric oscillator system. When the PAD-S31 concentration and total light dose were constant (12 μg/ml and 40 J/cm², respectively), the CW laser caused fluence rate-dependent decrease in cellular proliferation until the fluence rate reached 90 mW/cm², at which point inhibition of cellular proliferation was more than 80%. The cytotoxicity then became almost saturated at fluence rates of>90 mW/cm². On the other hand, inhibition of cellular proliferation in samples irradiated with the pulsed laser reached 80% even at the fluence rate of 15 mW/cm², and, interestingly, the cytotoxicity paradoxically decreased with increase in the fluence rate. Moreover, the cytotoxicity in the PDT using the pulsed laser depended on the repetition rate. The inhibition of cellular proliferation by PDT using 30-Hz irradiation was greater than that by PDT using 5-Hz irradiation when the same fluence rates were used. These results suggest that the efficacy of PDT using a pulsed laser depends considerably on fluence rate and repetition rate. Paper received 4 March 2002; accepted after revision 24 May 2002. Correspondence to: Yuji Morimoto, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan. Tel: +81-42-995-1596; Fax: +81-42-996-5199; e-mail: moyan@interlink.or.jp     

眼外伤无光感眼手术治疗效果的临床观察

目的 评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗眼外伤无光感眼的效果。方法 对11例（11只眼）外伤后的无光感眼行玻璃体视网膜手术,并观察其。随诊6－24个月,平均11个月。结果 在11例外伤后无光感眼中,7例恢复了光感或光感以上的视力,4例仍无光感,其中1例行眼球摘除。眼外伤后无光感的主要原因为严重的屈光间质混沌,视网膜脱离,破损及脉络膜水肿。结论 部分眼外伤后无光感眼经及时的玻璃体视网膜手术治疗可获得一定的视力。     

Non-ocular dermal photoreception in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Based on the results of previous behavioral experiments, researchers believe that sensitivity to light stimuli is not restricted to the eyes in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. To determine the presence of a non-ocular dermal photoreception system and to examine the synaptic connections between this peripheral system and the central nervous system, we electrophysiologically examined the activities of the pedal nerves in L. stagnalis by light stimulation. The results demonstrated that light stimulation evokes non-ocular dermal photosensitive responses in the foot, that these responses exert inhibitory, afferent influences through the inferior pedal nerves to the pedal ganglia, and that these responses were independent of the ocular photoreception system in L. stagnalis.     

Active recovery and post-exercise white blood cell count, free fatty acids, and hormones in endurance athletes

Strenuous endurance exercise in fasted subjects is accompanied by increased plasma levels of catecholamines, leucocytosis, low insulin, and elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFA). Immediately after such exercise, plasma FFA may rise to high and potentially harmful levels, whereas the white blood cell count (WBCC) rapidly decreases towards or below baseline values. The present work investigated how active recovery (AR) for 15 min at 50% of maximal oxygen consumption ( ), after 60 min of uphill running at 83% of , influenced plasma FFA, lymphocyte, neutrophil, granulocyte, and monocyte count, as well as adrenaline, noradrenaline, insulin and cortisol concentrations until 120 min post-exercise. Thirteen endurance athletes participated in the study [24.2 (3.7) years, 1.82 (0.06) m, 76.7 (7.9) kg and 69.2 (6.8) ml min^–1 kg^–1]. In a randomized order, the subjects completed two sets of strenuous workouts, followed by either AR or complete rest in the supine position (RR). Compared with RR, AR strongly counteracted the rapid increase in plasma FFA 5 min post-exercise. The decreases in neutrophil and monocyte counts post-exercise were nullified by AR, and the cell count stayed above resting values throughout the observation period. AR also counteracted the rapid return of hormone concentration towards baseline levels. It would appear that active recovery at low intensity after strenuous exercise can maintain sufficient adrenergic activation to counteract the post-exercise drop in WBCC. However, in spite of keeping the catecholamine concentration high and insulin levels low, AR can also maintain a low plasma FFA concentration, probably because of the continued use of FFA in muscle. It remains to be elucidated whether the observed high FFA and low WBCC values after RR have a negative effect on health. If so, AR could be a preventive measure. Electronic Publication     

Differences in anxiety-related behaviours and in sensitivity to diazepam in inbred and outbred strains of mice

Rationale: Natural strain differences exist in mice for behavioural traits such as emotional reactivity. Objective: The present experiments compared the behavioural profiles of nine strains of mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H, CBA, DBA/2, NMRI, NZB, SJL, Swiss) in two models of anxiety after the administration of the benzodiazepine diazepam. Methods: The tests used were the light/dark choice task and the elevated plus-maze, two well-validated anxiolytic screening tests. Results: In vehicle-treated animals, differences on variables designed to measure anxiety-related behaviours were observed in both tests. In the light/dark test, the strains could be divided into three distinct groups: two non-reactive strains (NZB and SJL), an intermediate-reactive group (C3H, CBA, DBA/2, NMRI, C57BL/6 and Swiss), and one highly reactive strain (BALB/c). In the elevated plus-maze, SJL, NMRI, CBA and, to a lesser extent, C3H strains of mice, consistently showed low levels of anxiety-related behaviours. Intermediate levels were seen in the Swiss and BALB/c strains, and high levels of emotional reactivity were seen in C57BL/6, DBA/2 and NZB. The strain distribution between the light/dark and the elevated plus-maze tests shows similarities and differences, suggesting that each of these experimental procedures represents a different set of behaviours. Marked differences between a number of strains of mice in their sensitivity to the anxiolytic-like action of diazepam were observed in both the light/dark and the elevated plus-maze tests. Mice of the BALB/c, Swiss and, to a lesser extent, CBA and C3H strains were responsive to diazepam in both tests, although in the case of CBA mice, effects may have been contaminated by behavioural suppression. SJL mice were largely unresponsive to the action of the benzodiazepine in both tests, whereas in C57, DBA/2, NMRI and NZB mice, diazepam produced positive effects only in the elevated plus-maze. Conclusion: The finding of differential strain distributions both with and without diazepam treatment in the light/dark and the elevated plus-maze tests, indicates that not all strains of mice are suitable for investigating the effects of GABA/BZ receptor ligands. This study may thus provide a useful guide for choosing the best strain of mice for studying the pharmacology of fear-related behaviours. Received: 24 March 1999 / Final version: 10 July 1999     

Le « Light Painting ». Écriture de lumière et conversion du regard. Une nouvelle médiation dans la prise en charge des addictions à l’adolescence

Introduction

Technically ``Light Painting'' is a photographic shooting which consists in revealing the bright tracks of a source thanks to a relatively slow exposure time. It was demonstrated that the grip of photos increases the hedonic sensation until the access to the enjoyment and at the same time potentialises the implication of the subjects in what they can live or experiment. The efficiency of its use in the therapeutic field was demonstrated by several studies.

Light chain composition of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands in multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing penecephalitis

The light chain composition of MS and SSPE CSF oligoclonal IgG bands was examined using isoelectric focusing and sensitive peroxidase-anteperoxidase (PAP) staining technique specific for gamma heavy chains (γ), kappa light chains (κ), or lambda light chains (λ) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for γ, κ, or λ. Many bands in the 7 MS and 4 SSPE CSF examined were monoclonal, staining for either IgG-κ or IgG-λ. By staining, all MS CSF were κ predominant; SSPE CSF were variously κ orλ predominant. RIA confirmed the κ predominance of MS CSF. Three MS and 2 SSPE CSF contained bands staining for λ alone, i.e. free light chains. Analysis of RIA data confirmed these findings in 2 MS cases. The difference in light chain predominance of MS and SSPE CSF may reflect differences in the antigenic target, or the age of patient at the time when band-synthesizing clones are triggered. Six of 7 MS and all 4 SSPE CSF contained oligoclonal bands staining for γ and for both κ and λ, probably representing artifacts of IEF. No predominant immunochemical differences between bands in MS and SSPE were detected.     

Heterogeneous pituitary adenomas

Summary The combined use of several histological procedures (i.e. conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy) among 45 unselected pituitary adenomas demonstrated the existence of 9 tumors (20%) containing several identifiable adenohypophy seal cell types. Thecellular associations were between 2 or 3 identifiable cell types. Mammosomatotrophic tumors were the most frequent but not the only mixed type (somatomammocorticotrophic, somatocorticotrophic tumors were also found). The cellular components varied in size but the cells appeared randomly distributed in the tumors. In all the adenomas there was an unidentified cell component (no reactivity with antisera used) varying from sparse to numerous elements. On adjacent sections the adenomatous cells reacted with a single specific antiserum, but in two cases the immunohistochemistry on contiguous paraffin embedded sections did not confirm this with certainty. These results confirm those of others and a new term is purposed to designate these tumors: heterogeneous pituitary adenomas. According to the nature and the proportions of the cell components the heterogeneous adenomas were subdivided into two groups: a group A which comprised adenomas formed by a major identifiable cellular type associated with one or two other less frequent cell types, and a group B formed by a predominant unidentifiable (no reactivity with immunochemical stainings) cell type associated with one or two other identified cell types. The present morphofunctional classifications of pituitary adenomas should be modified to include homogeneous adenomas with a single cell type and heterogeneous adenomas with several cell types.