角膜形态学和生物力学参数对角膜后表面高度影响的研究

目的探讨角膜形态学和生物力学参数对近视眼人群角膜后表面高度异常的影响及其辅助诊断角膜后表面高度异常的可行性。方法病例对照研究。选取2017年12月至2018年10月在青岛眼科医院拟行角膜屈光手术的屈光不正患者144例(227只眼),其中男性90例(139只眼),女性54例(88只眼);年龄(22.8±5.6)岁。所有患者检查最佳矫正视力下的球镜和柱镜度数,并行Pentacam眼前节分析系统和Corvis ST角膜生物力学检查。根据Pentacam参数角膜后表面高度变化值(BD)进行分组,将BD<12μm定为对照组(59例,118只眼);将BD≥12μm定为高BD组(85例,109只眼),其中BD≤16μm者为可疑组(44例,53只眼),>16μm者为异常组(41例,56只眼)。选取Pentacam眼前节分析系统中BD、前表面曲率(ASK)、后表面曲率(PSK)、前表面散光(AAstig)、后表面散光(PAstig)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜直径(W-W)7个参数及Corvis ST角膜生物力学检测系统中第1次压平时间(AT1)、第1次压平长度(AL1)、第1次压平速度(AV1)、第2次压平时间(AT2)、第2次压平长度(AL2)、第2次压平速度(AV2)、最大压陷时间(HCT)、最大压陷峰距(HC-PD)、最大压陷形变幅度(HC-DA)、最大压陷曲率半径(HC-R)、形变幅度比值(DA Ratio)、综合半径、最薄点厚度/厚度变化率(ARTH)、硬度参数(SPA1)、Corvis生物力学指数(CBI)15个参数纳入研究。采用独立样本t检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验及Bonferroni法进行组间差异性比较,利用Spearman秩相关分析探讨BD的相关影响因素,并建立多元线性回归模型寻找影响BD的主要因素。结果对照组和高BD组在年龄、球镜度数、柱镜度数差异无统计学意义(t=-3.311,-1.808,-2.359;P=0.071,0.072,0.121);Pentacam测量发现在对照组、可疑组和异常组中,ASK、PSK、PAstig、W-W组间差异有统计学意义(Z=18.492,31.547,10.773,70.167;P<0.05),AAstig、CCT组间差异无统计学意义(Z=2.204,1.108;P>0.05)。其中异常组[43.40(42.20,44.40)]较对照组[42.80(41.98,44.00)]ASK增大(t=-4.292;P<0.05),可疑组[-6.50(-6.60,-6.35)]与异常组[-6.50(-6.70,-6.33)]较对照组[-6.30(-6.50,-6.20)]PSK均增大(t=4.492,4.618;P<0.05);可疑组[0.40(0.30,0.40)]与异常组[0.40(0.30,0.40]较对照组[0.40(0.30,0.50)]PAsting均增大(t=2.796,2.515;P=0.016,0.036);可疑组[11.40(11.00,11.60)]和异常组[11.10(10.90,11.30)]较对照组[11.50(11.40,11.80)]W-W减小,同时异常组较可疑组W-W也明显减小(t=3.235,8.353,4.282;P<0.05);Corvis ST参数在3个组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将每组患者BD与Pentacam参数进行相关性分析发现,在对照组、可疑组、异常组以及所有患者中,BD与W-W呈低至中度负相关(r=-0.614,-0.304,-0.396,-0.661;P<0.05),BD与其他参数相关性较低或未见明显相关性;将患者BD与Corvis ST参数进行相关性分析发现,仅在可疑组中,BD与AV1、HCT、HC-DA间存在低度正相关(r=0.332,0.361,0.382;P<0.05),BD与Corvis ST其他参数在各组中未见明显相关性。以BD为因变量,选取Pentacam参数与Corvis ST参数建立多元线性回归分析模型:变量W-W、ASK、PSK、HC-PD、SPA1、CCT间不存在共线性(容忍度<0.100),方程检验结果F=37.221,P<0.001,调整r^2=0.504,拟合较好。结论角膜形态学参数中角膜直径、前表面曲率、后表面曲率是影响BD的主要因素,角膜生物力学参数中HC-PD和SPA1也可能对BD产生一定程度影响。角膜形态学和生物力学参数的联合评估有助于角膜后表面高度异常的鉴别诊断。     

PRK术后屈光回退和Haze的药物防治进展

就近年来准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK )后屈光回退和角膜上皮下雾状混浊 (Haze)两大并发症的药物防治进展作一简要综述。阐述了局部应用皮质类固醇药物、非甾体抗炎药物、抗代谢药物、抗氧化剂、Caspase抑制剂、细胞因子调控、锌制剂对减弱角膜创伤愈合反应 ,阻断或减少角膜细胞凋亡的作用 ,从而预防和治疗屈光回退和Haze形成 ,提高PRK手术的稳定性和预测性。     

Correlations between tear fluid and aqueous humor cytokine levels in bullous keratopathy

PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between tear fluid and aqueous humor (AqH) cytokine levels in eyes with bullous keratopathy (BK) and with normal endothelium.MethodsThis prospective consecutive case-series study included 71 eyes of 71 patients: 31 eyes with BK, 18 eyes with non-BK corneal diseases, and 22 eyes with uncomplicated cataract (healthy controls). Total protein and cytokine (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule [sICAM]-1, and IP-10) levels in the tear fluid and AqH were measured using multiplex beads immunoassay. The correlations between tear and AqH cytokine levels were assessed.ResultsThe AqH protein level was significantly higher in BK eyes (1.09 ± 0.08 mg/mL) than in non-BK (0.63 ± 0.11, P = 0.0004) and healthy control (0.62 ± 0.06, P = 0.0002) eyes. The tear total protein and IL-4 levels were significantly higher in the BK group compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0374 and 0.0032, respectively). The AqH IL-8 and sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in the BK group compared to controls (P = 0.0001 and 0.0083, respectively). In BK eyes, the tear IL-4 level was significantly correlated with the MCP-1(r = 0.563, P = 0.001) and total protein (r = 0.589, P = 0.001) AqH levels. The tear IL-8 level was significantly correlated with the MCP-1(r = 0.598, p = 0.001) and IL-4 (r = 0.781, p < 0.0001) AqH levels in BK eyes. However, no significant correlations were found between tear and AqH cytokine levels in non-BK and healthy controls eyes.ConclusionsThe tear cytokine levels are correlated with those of AqH only in BK, but not in non-BK and healthy controls.     

Contact lens-related corneal infection: Intrinsic resistance and its compromise

Contact lenses represent a widely utilized form of vision correction with more than 140 million wearers worldwide. Although generally well-tolerated, contact lenses can cause corneal infection (microbial keratitis), with an approximate annualized incidence ranging from ~2 to ~20 cases per 10,000 wearers, and sometimes resulting in permanent vision loss. Research suggests that the pathogenesis of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis is complex and multifactorial, likely requiring multiple conspiring factors that compromise the intrinsic resistance of a healthy cornea to infection. Here, we outline our perspective of the mechanisms by which contact lens wear sometimes renders the cornea susceptible to infection, focusing primarily on our own research efforts during the past three decades. This has included studies of host factors underlying the constitutive barrier function of the healthy cornea, its response to bacterial challenge when intrinsic resistance is not compromised, pathogen virulence mechanisms, and the effects of contact lens wear that alter the outcome of host-microbe interactions. For almost all of this work, we have utilized the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa because it is the leading cause of lens-related microbial keratitis. While not yet common among corneal isolates, clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa have emerged that are resistant to virtually all currently available antibiotics, leading the United States CDC (Centers for Disease Control) to add P. aeruginosa to its list of most serious threats. Compounding this concern, the development of advanced contact lenses for biosensing and augmented reality, together with the escalating incidence of myopia, could portent an epidemic of vision-threatening corneal infections in the future. Thankfully, technological advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging combined with emerging models of contact lens-associated P. aeruginosa infection hold promise for solving the problem - and possibly life-threatening infections impacting other tissues.     

Retroprosthetic membrane: A complication of keratoprosthesis with broad consequences

Keratoprosthesis (KPro) devices have the remarkable ability to restore vision in patients suffering from corneal blindness who are poor candidates for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. However, eyes with KPro can experience various complications, including the development of retroprosthetic membrane (RPM). RPMs reduce visual acuity in patients due to physical obstruction of the visual axis, but studies have shown that RPM can also lead to a variety of other consequences, from melting of the corneal carrier graft to precipitating retinal detachments. Histopathologic studies have shown that RPMs are composed of elements from both the recipient and donor. The presence of myofibroblasts in RPMs imparts them with contractile properties, which can contribute to their downstream complications, including angle closure, hypotony, and retinal detachment. At present, there are limited treatments to combat the growth of RPM. Future therapies could include anti-metabolites and targeted anti-inflammatory treatments, as well as device coatings or textured device surfaces that can hinder RPM proliferation. The long-term success of KPro depends on devising an effective solution for preventing RPM growth.     

不同方位角膜切口对高龄白内障术后泪膜和眼表的影响

目的：探讨不同方位角膜切口对高龄白内障术后泪膜和眼表的影响。方法选取2010年7月~2014年6月本院高龄(≥80岁)白内障超声乳化患者120例(120眼),随机分成2组院A组采用颞侧角膜切口行白内障超声乳化手术58例(58眼);B组采用上方角膜切口行白内障超声乳化手术62例(62眼)。分别于术前3 d和术后3、7、30、90凿观察比较两组患者角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(S玉t)检查。结果 A组患者FL评分在术后3、7、30 d明显增高,BUT、S玉t检查术后3、7、30 d明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者90凿的FL评分、BUT、S玉t检查与B组比较,差异均无统计学意义(孕>0.05)。结论高龄白内障超声乳化手术中早期颞侧角膜切口较上方角膜切口患者的泪膜稳定性和眼表情况均有明显的影响,晚期则无明显影响。     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of small fiber pathology in fibromyalgia: Implications for a new paradigm in fibromyalgia etiopathogenesis

Objectives

Fibromyalgia is a condition which exhibits chronic widespread pain with neuropathic pain features and has a major impact on health-related quality of life. The pathophysiology remains unclear, however, there is increasing evidence for involvement of the peripheral nervous system with a high prevalence of small fiber pathology (SFP). The aim of this systematic literature review is to establish the prevalence of SFP in fibromyalgia.

治疗用软性角膜接触镜用于翼状胬肉术后的护理

目的观察治疗用软性角膜接触镜在翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术和翼状胬肉单纯切除术后应用效果及护理方法分析。方法选取2012年6月²013年8月在我院眼科行翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术和翼状胬肉单纯切除术,翼状胬肉侵入角膜22013年8月在我院眼科行翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术和翼状胬肉单纯切除术,翼状胬肉侵入角膜2⁵ mm,无明显禁忌症的住院患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组48例,术毕对照组按常规绷带加压包扎术眼,观察组则在绷带加压包扎前予术眼球表面配戴治疗用软性角膜接触镜,比较两组术后疼痛与角膜上皮愈合的情况。结果术后2、24 h疼痛评估Ⅱ级以上需要给予药物治疗为主的疼痛护理,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。术后48、72 h角膜创口基本愈合率差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论治疗用软性角膜接触镜用于翼状胬肉切除联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术和翼状胬肉单纯切除术后,能减轻患者的疼痛,促进角膜上皮的愈合,缩短愈合时间,给护理带来方便,是一种有效的辅助治疗方法。