Pregnancy outcome in recurrent aborters is not influenced by Chlamydia IgA and/or G

PROBLEM: It is unclear whether chlamydia infection influences the miscarriage rate and immunological factors in patients with recurrent miscarriage. METHOD OF STUDY: Chlamydia DNA, IgA and IgG to Chlamydia trachomatis, natural killer cell activity, complement 3 (C3), C4, hemolytic complement, antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, prolactin, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and fibrinogen were examined in 504 patients with a history of two or more consecutive first-trimester miscarriages. Subsequent pregnancy outcomes were compared between cases with and without antibodies to C. trachomatis. RESULTS: Totals of 10 of 30 and 48 of 201 patients receiving no medication miscarried subsequently with and without chlamydia infection. Chlamydia IgA and/or IgG were associated with a high level of C3 but not other immunological and coagulatory parameters. CONCLUSION: Antibodies to C. trachomatis do not influence subsequent pregnancy outcome in patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage.     

Malignant tumor of humerus with features of "adamantinoma" and Ewing's sarcoma

This female patient was born in 1935 and died in 1976 with a malignant bone tumor involving the proximal humerus following multiple local recurrences, axillary lymph node metastases, and pulmonary metastases. Histologically, over the course of time, there was an increase in features of an atypical Ewing's sarcoma, at the expense of findings of a typical, extra-cranial so-called adamantinoma. In contrast to another report, our case showed neither epithelial nor endothelial features on fine structural examination, but rather primitive mesenchymal cells, as is described for Ewing's sarcomas.     

Thermal tolerance following artificially induced polycythaemia

Polycythaemia has been shown to improve physical performance, possibly due to increased arterial oxygen transport. Enhanced thermoregulatory function may also accompany this manipulation, since a greater proportion of the cardiac output becomes available for heat dissipation. We further examined this possibility in five trained men, who participated in three-phase heat stress trials (20 min rest, 20 min cycling at 30% peak power W_peak and 20 min at 45% W_peak at 38.3 (SEM 0.7)°C [relative humidity 41.4 (SEM 2.9)%]. Trials were performed during normocythaemia (control) and polycythaemia, obtained by reinfusion of autologous red blood cells and resulting in significant elevation of arterial oxygen transport. During the polycythaemic trials, the subjects demonstrated diminished thermal strain, as evidenced by a significant reduction in cardiac frequency (f _c: 12 beats · min^–1 lower throughout the test;P < 0.05), and reduced auditory canal temperatures (T _ae) during the latter 20-min phase (P < 0.05). Forearm sweat onset was more rapid (363.0 compared to 1083.0 s;P < 0.05), and forearm sweat rate (. _msw) sensitivity was elevated from 1.80 to 2.91 · mg · cm^–2 · min^–1 · °C^–1 (P < 0.05). Foreheadm _sw was depressed during the final 20 min, while forearmm _sw was greater during all test phases, averaging 0.94 and 1.20 mg · cm^–2 · min^–1, respectively, over the 60 min. Skin blood flows for the upper back, upper arm and forearm were reduced (P < 0.05). Polycythaemia enhanced thermoregulation, through an elevation in forearm sweat sensitivity and.m _sw, but not via increased cutaneous blood flow. These modifications occurred simultaneously with decreases inf _c andT _ae, resulting in greater thermal tolerance.     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞内的核表达检测

目的　检测和研究丙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisCvirus,HCV)核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞 (peripheralbloodmononuclearcells ,PBMC)内核表达的意义 ,并探讨其与临床的关系。方法　对 6 6例慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMC标本进行免疫组化检测 ,并将HCV蛋白抗原定位分布情况与患者临床状况进行比较分析 ,对其中 2 7例患者PBMC进行HCVRNA和HCVAg的平行检测和分析。结果　免疫组化结果显示 ,慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMCHCVAg(core +NS3)阳性检出率为 77 2 7% (5 1 6 6 )。结果还证实 ,HCV核心蛋白均定位于胞核内 ,且呈强表达 ;NS3蛋白主要定位于胞质内 ,呈弱表达。当进行HCVAg在PBMC内定位情况与患者临床状况比较分析时显示 ,病情较重患者PBMC内核心蛋白表达阳性率 (35 2 9% )明显高于病情较轻者 (5 88% ) (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　HCV核心蛋白在PBMC内核表达与患者临床状况相关 ,提示其可能是丙型肝炎慢性化的一个指标 ,并可能在肝硬化和肝癌发生上起一定作用     

Influence of antibody and complement components on phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of macrophages

Macrophages are known to release reactive oxygen species (O₂^?, ¹O₂, H₂O₂, OH·) in response to various membrane stimuliHowever, our studies show that phagocytic stimulation of macrophages is not necessarily accompanied by a stimulation of the oxidative burstWhereas IgG-opsonized erythrocytes were capable to induce phagocytosis and a chemiluminescence response, both being dependent on the number of IgG bound per erythrocyte, C3b-bearing erythrocytes were well ingested but failed to induce any chemiluminescence reactionFurthermore, stimulation of macrophages, via the Fc-receptors, seems to alter their functional state in regard to the activation of a receptor, which enables them to recognize membrane lesions on the target erythrocyteThe presence of IgG and membrane lesions, e.gthe C5b-9-complex of complement, induced a marked increase in chemiluminescence compared with stimulation by IgG-bearing particles aloneThe augmented response of macrophages was at least in part due to an additional release of H₂O₂, which was not liberated in response to IgG-bearing erythrocytesThis «Alesion recognizing receptor» in the macrophage membrane could not be activated by stimulation of C3b-receptors, indicating its functional linkage to the Fc-receptors.     

噬菌体随机肽库分析HIV-1 p24抗原表位

目的：利用噬菌体随机肽库分析抗HIV－1核心区抗原p24单抗体在抗原上的识别位点。方法：用抗HIV－1 p24单抗2C7和3H10作为筛选分子，对噬菌体肽库进行生物洗（biopanning)，并通过DN测序、ELISA效价测定等对所获得的噬菌休克隆进行鉴定，最后对合成的7肽位点通过间接ELISA及免疫抑制试验进行血清学分析。结果：序列分析结果表明，单抗2C7和3H10在HIV－1 p24上的抗原识别表位的保守序列分别为DHPXPXX和XXXXKAF。分别合成这2个7肽氨基酸序列P－C1（DHPSPWG）和P－H3（SPWLKAFGGS），并分析其免疫学结合特性，结果表明与P－H3相比，单抗2C7的抗原识别表位P－C1的固相结合特性较好，固相P－C1检测血样，13份抗HIV阳性本中，12份为阳性（检出率为92．3％），19份抗HIV阴性样本中，仅1份为假阳性结果（特异性为94．7％），与P－C1相比，单抗3H10的抗原表位P－H3的固相结合能力极差，但液相结合活性较好，血样与P－H3的抑制试验表明，13份抗HIV阳性样本中12份样本对P－H3的抑制率大于60％（12／13），而9份抗HIV阴性样本中仅1份对P－H3的抑制率大于50％，结论：用抗HIV－1 p24单抗筛选噬菌体随机肽库，获得单抗在p24抗原上的识别表位的氨基酸序列，血清学结果表明这2个抗原表位存在于p24自然抗原上，在抗HIV－1的感染检测中具有潜在的应用价值。     

Ability of rosetting or non-rosetting individual control and inflammatory macrophages to kill Escherichia coli X43 intracellularly

An autoradiographic method combined with a rosette technique was used to assess the bactericidal activity of individual control and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) in the presence or absence of expression of Fc receptor for IgG (FcR). There was a lack of FcR reactivity in a certain percentage of both categories of PM phi exposed to E. coli X43, a bacterium which is readily phagocytosed in the presence of specific antibody. Both rosetting and non-rosetting PM phi were capable of phagocytosing E. coli X43, but inflammatory PM phi showed a marked reduction in their capacity to ingest these bacteria compared with control PM phi. Once ingested the E. coli X43 were killed equally well by non-rosetting and rosetting control and inflammatory PM phi.     

Changes in agent variability and time course of disease incidence during a year (as exemplified by dysentery)

The vulnerability of epidemic process during the period of minimum annual incidence of the disease is validated. Biological properties of Shigella sonnei are studied and their variability examined using the index for evaluation of the mean number of variations for a sign. Minimum agent heterogeneity coincides with minimum incidence of disease and maximum heterogeneity with its seasonal rises.     

Dietary selection for lysine by the chick

Broiler chicks were provided choices of synthetic diets (a) adequate or low in lysine, and (b) adequate in or devoid of lysine. In each case, chicks consumed some of each diet offered, but preference was shown for the adequate lysine diet. Growth rates of chicks given choices ranged from 80% of that of chicks fed an adequate lysine diet with no choice for two weeks, then growth rates fell to about 60% of those fed adequate lysine. In another study, chicks were fed a diet devoid of lysine but were offered pure L-lysine HCl in a separate feeder. These chicks selected some of the supplementary lysine, but their body weights were only 68% of the body weight of chicks fed an adequate lysine diet after 21 days. Chicks given a choice of diets prepared with an adequate quantity of either L- or D-lysine preferred with L-lysine diet but did not select sufficient quantity to reach normal growth. These observations indicate that chicks can discern the presence of L-lysine in diets or separately, but will not select sufficient quantity for maximum growth potential. A diet prepared with D-lysine was more acceptable than one completely devoid of lysine, suggesting some sensory recognition for lysine.     

Repeated Habituation and Overhabituation of the Orienting Response

This investigation was designed to test (a) whether stimuli presented in the form of repeated blocks of habituation trials, as opposed to.1 single continuous series of stimuli, would produce a progressive decline. in amount of spontaneous recovery and trials to rehabituation of the skin conductance component of the orienting response; and (b) whether 30 or 50 post-habituation trials would produce a return of the orienting response which could be related In sensitization effects. Results showed that repeated habituations strengthened habituation as reflected in progressively decreasing spontaneous recovery across blocks, but not in speed of habituations. Further, neither 30 nor 50 post-habituation trials produced a return of the orienting response, although 30 such trials did result in increased skin conductance level. Discussion centers on whether habituation beyond asymptotic levels (‘below-zero’) within sessions was unambiguously obtained; relationships among stimulus intensity, frequency, and the return of the orienting response; and factors affecting measures of retention of habituation within sessions.