Synthetic MRI is not yet ready for morphologic and functional assessment of patellar cartilage at 1.5 Tesla

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare morphologic assessment and relaxometry of patellar hyaline cartilage between conventional sequences (fast spin-echo [FSE] T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping) and synthetic T2 short-TI inversion recovery (STIR) and T2 maps at 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodThe MRI examinations of the knee obtained at 1.5 T in 49 consecutive patients were retrospectively studied. There were 21 men and 28 women with a mean age of 45 ± 17.7 (SD) years (range: 18–88 years). Conventional and synthetic acquisitions were performed, including T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping sequences. Two radiologists independently compared patellar cartilage T2-relaxation time on conventional T2-mapping and synthetic T2-mapping images. A third radiologist evaluated the patellar cartilage morphology on conventional and synthetic T2-weighted images. The presence of artifacts was also assessed. Interobserver agreement for quantitative variables was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsIn vitro, conventional and synthetic T2 maps yielded similar mean T2 values 58.5 ± 2.3 (SD) ms and 58.8 ± 2.6 (SD) ms, respectively (P = 0.414) and 6% lower than the expected experimental values (P = 0.038). Synthetic images allowed for a 15% reduction in examination time compared to conventional images. On conventional sequences, patellar chondropathy was identified in 35 patients (35/49; 71%) with a mean chondropathy grade of 4.8 ± 4.8 (SD). On synthetic images, 28 patients (28/49; 57%) were diagnosed with patellar chondropathy, with a significant 14% difference (P = 0.009) and lower chondropathy scores (3.7 ± 4.9 [SD]) compared to conventional images. Motion artifacts were more frequently observed on synthetic images (18%) than on conventional ones (6%). The interobserver agreement was excellent for both conventional and synthetic T2 maps (ICC > 0.83). Mean cartilage T2 values were significantly greater on synthetic images (36.2 ± 3.8 [SD] ms; range: 29-46 ms) relative to conventional T2 maps (31.8 ± 4.1 [SD] ms; range: 26-49 ms) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionDespite a decrease in examination duration, synthetic images convey lower diagnostic performance for chondropathy, greater prevalence of motion artifacts, and an overestimation of T2 values compared to conventional MRI sequences.     

液体反应性预测指标研究进展

液体治疗是围手术期液体管理的重点、难点,过与不及都可对机体组织造成损伤。机体对液体反应性是指导液体治疗管理的重点。文章综述了目前预测液体反应性常用指标的基本原理、影响因素、不同手术中的应用价值和局限性,从而为患者围手术期合理的液体治疗管理提供依据,选择合适的液体反应性预测指标,作出及早诊断和处理。     

上腔静脉塌陷指数预测机械通气患者容量反应的可行性

目的 探索上腔静脉塌陷指数(SVC?CI)对机械通气患者容量反应的预测效果.方法 选择择期气管插管全麻机械通气下行腹部手术患者36例,男20例,女16例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,NYHAⅠ或Ⅱ级.所有患者在全麻诱导后至手术开始前,快速输注复方乳酸钠10 ml/kg,输注时间10～15 min.记录补液前后MA...     

胃癌根治术中肝动脉变异及意义

目的介绍胃癌根治术时发现肝动脉变异情况。方法回顾性分析208例胃癌根治术时遭遇的肝动脉变异情况。结果208例中发现肝动脉变异3例,术中游离时注意保留肝脏、胆囊的血供分支。结论胃癌根治术时应注意肝动脉变异可能,避免损伤邻近器官的血供。     

精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的初步研究

目的探讨精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的可行性。方法正常精液标本上游处理后,进行常规冷冻和冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻,复苏后分别从活力参数及电镜下超微结构等指标比较两种冷冻方法的效果。结果两种方法冷冻后精子存活率、活动率之间差异无显著性(48%∶48%;44.5%∶43.5%,P>0.05),但均较未冷冻的89%和88.5%明显下降(P<0.001)。超微结构亦较未冷冻时发生了一定的改变,但核结构基本保持完整。结论精子冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻是一种简单、方便而行之有效的冷冻方法。     

自锁托槽和传统直丝弓托槽在牙列排齐整平阶段的对比研究

目的：比较Quick自锁矫治器与传统结扎式矫治器在初期牙列排齐整平阶段的治疗时间、复诊次数和椅旁弓丝结扎与去结扎时间。方法：选取采用Quick自锁托槽矫治器（S组）和传统MBT金属托槽矫治器（C组）治疗的患者各40例,分别纪录自戴入矫治器至上下牙列完全排齐整平、0.019＂×0.025＂的不锈钢丝能够顺利入槽所经历的时间和复诊次数,分别测量每位患者全口弓丝结扎及去结扎的时间,并进行统计学分析。结果：排齐整平时间,S组为（4.8±1.7）月,C组为（7.7±2.1）月;复诊次数,S组为（4.2±1.5）次,C组为（7.2±1.1）次;全口弓丝结扎时间,S组为（25.1±3.7）s,C组为（679.6±35.3）s;全口去结扎时间,S组为（31.4±2.4）s,C组为（256.5±13.6）s。S组的排齐整平时间、全口结扎去结扎时间明显短于C组,排齐整平所需的复诊次数也明显少于C组,经统计学分析其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：使用自锁托槽能更快地排齐整平牙列,同时减少了患者的复诊次数和椅旁操作时间,提高了临床医师的工作效率。     

代偿性应用股前内侧皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损

目的探讨在行股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损时因血管变异临时变更原设计,代偿性应用股前内侧皮瓣补充替代的临床疗效。方法2005年3月-2013年3月,在行股前外侧皮瓣修复四肢软组织缺损时因血管变异临时改制股前内侧皮瓣修复5例,其中手背创面3例,足背创面2例;缺损面积5cm×8cm×11cm×19cm：本组3例与受区桡动脉、头静脉吻合,2例与足背动脉、伴行静脉吻合;供区直接缝合3例,部分植皮2例。结果本组5例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象,其中1例因切取面积过大,出现皮瓣远端部分坏死．经换药后愈合。随访1～24个月,临床效果满意。结论股前内侧皮瓣可作为股前外侧皮瓣的补充替代,应用股前内侧皮瓣游离移植修复四肢软组织缺损,临床效果满意,值得推广虚丽、     

Phase 3 Study of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Versus Wait and See in pT3 Prostate Cancer: Impact of Pathology Review on Analysis

Background

In a randomised trial, radical prostatectomy (RP) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) was compared with RP alone in patients with pT3 pN0 prostate cancer with or without positive margin at local pathology (German Cancer Society trial numbers ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95).

Objective

A pathology review was performed on 85% of RP specimens of patients to investigate the influence of pathology review on the analysis.

Design, setting, and participants

Patients post-RP (n = 385) were randomised before achieving an undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level to either wait and see (n = 192) or 60 Gy aRT (n = 193). Of 307 patients with undetectable PSA after RP, 262 had pathology review. These results were included prospectively into the analysis.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Agreement between local and review pathology was measured by the total percentage of agreement and by simple kappa statistics. The prognostic reliability for the different parameters was analysed by Cox regression model. Event-free rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis with a median follow-up of 40 mo for the wait-and-see arm and 38.5 mo for the aRT arm.

Results and limitations

There was fair concordance between pathology review and local pathologists for seminal vesicle invasion (pT3c: 91%; κ = 0.76), surgical margin status (84%; κ = 0.65), and for extraprostatic extension (pT3a/b: 75%; κ = 0.74). Agreement was much less for Gleason score (47%; κ = 0.42), whereby the review pathology resulted in a shift to Gleason score 7. In contrast to the analysis of progression-free survival with local pathology, the multivariate analysis including review pathology revealed PSMs and Gleason score >6 as significant prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Phase 3 studies of postoperative treatment of prostate cancer should be accomplished in the future with a pathology review. In daily practice, a second opinion by a pathologist experienced in urogenital pathology would be desirable, in particular, for high-risk patients after RP.     

品管圈活动减少护士在手术室与门诊区往返次数的研究

目的：探讨品管圈活动对护士在手术室与门诊区往返次数,制定出合理的工作流程,节约护士时间,提高工作效率。方法开展以“减少护理人员在手术室与门诊区途中的往返次数”主题为活动的品管圈活动,对护士每天在手术室及门诊区途中频繁的往返进行调查研究,分析原因,进行对策拟定,对策实施及检讨,效果确认等措施。结果实施品管圈活动后护士每天往返次数由改善前9次降低为每天3次,降幅为66.7%,目标达成率为142.0%,进步率为66.7%。结论运用品管圈活动能减少护士每天在手术室及门诊区途中的往返次数,制定出合理的工作流程,节约护士的时间,减少了护士的疲惫感,提高了工作效率,提高了患者的满意度。     

喉返神经解剖病理变异对甲状腺癌术中规范化神经监测的影响

目的 观察甲状腺癌喉返神经(RLN)发生解剖病理变异时对术中神经监测(IONM) 4步法的影响,为IONM规范化操作提供理论支持及应用策略.方法 回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年12月在解放军总医院普通外科行甲状腺癌手术并于术中行IONM的160例的临床资料,根据术中显露RLN形态特征,分为变异组55例(解剖变异、病理变异)与无变异组105例.评估RLN解剖病理变异对IONM 4步法操作的影响.结果 术中显露RLN共297根.RLN识别率变异组为89.32%(92/103)顺利识别,其中11根(10.68%,11/103)寻找困难;无变异组100%均顺利识别,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中RLN显露部位为气管食管沟内194根(65.32%)、气管旁75根(25.25%)、食管旁17根(5.72%)、甲状腺腺体内11根(3.71%);评价术后刺激RLN所得EMG波形对诊断术后声带麻痹的灵敏性与特异性,发现阴性预测值100%,阳性预测值仅25.00%.结论 RLN变异造成IONM4步法操作时RLN定位困难,R1值难以获取,干扰EMG波形研读;准确认知RLN解剖病理学形态特征,有利于提升IONM规范化操作水平.