精神分裂症与神经症的反应时间比较

目的 探讨精神分裂症和精神症患者反应时间（RT）的特点。方法 应用美国CA－1000型电生理仪以及短音和视觉刺激,测查62例精神分裂症、54例神经症和67名正常对照组的反应时间。结果 精神分裂症组、神经症组及正常对照组的听反应时间和视反应时间两两比较均有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。上述三组第二轮听反应时间与命令信号后负电位（PINV）变化表现为同一趋势,即听反应时间延迟,PINV随之延长。结论 反应时间可辅助精神分裂症患者和神经症患者的认知功能评定。     

Detection of hepatitis B virus polymerase variations resistant to lamivudine therapy

Objective To investigate variations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase gene in chronic HBV infected patients resistant to lamivudine therapy. Methods Specimens were obtained from nine patients with chronic HBV infection, who were resistant to lamivudine therapy. Partial segments of the HBV DNA polymerase gene we re amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide sequence was performed using an applied 373 automated sequencer. Titre of HBV DNA was measured by branched DNA assay (Chiron). Results Of nine patients with HBV DNA positive after 64 weeks of treatment, five (56%) had variations in the highly conserved YMDD motif in domain C of the HBV polymerase, three of those were substitutions of isoleucine for methionine(M), and two were substitutions of valine(V) for methionine. Additionally, in two patients with variations characterized by substitutions of V for M, one had a simultaneous amino acid change from the first aspartic acid to glycine and this pattern of variation was not reported in other literatures. With respect to viremia, in two subjects with low titre of HBV DNA (<100 MEq/ml), no variation was found in the YMDD motif, whereas in seven patients with high titre of HBV DBA (>300 MEq/ml), five (71%) had variations in the YMDD motif. Conclusions Lamivudine is a potent anti-viral agent for treatment of chronic HBV infection. Resistance to lamivudine is likely caused by the variations in the YMDD motif of the HBV polymerase gene.     

糖尿病家系及群体胰岛素受体基因变异的对照研究

目的　进一步了解 2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的发生机理。方法　运用聚合酶链反应及单链构型多态性 (PCR- SS-CP)技术 ,分析 4个 2型糖尿病家系、5 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 5 4例正常对照者的胰岛素受体基因第 17及 2 0外显子的变异。结果　 17外显子 10 0 8位甘氨基 (Gly)的 GGC→ GGT多态性频率在 2型糖尿病家系及群体分别为 18%和 2 9.4% ,而正常对照组为 9.3% (χ2 =12 .7133,P<0 .0 0 0 5 )。与正常对照组比较 ,2型糖尿病家系、群体的相对危险性分别为 RR=1.944 ,RR=3.738。家系连锁分析显示 L OD最大值为 0 .46 5 736 (θ=0 .0 0 0 0 )。 2 0外显子 Gly的 116 9位 GGT→ GGC多态性频率在 2型糖尿病家系、群体及正常对照组分别为 10 .0 %、15 .4%和 3.7% (χ2 =3.2 36 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ,该位点在 2型糖尿病家系、群体的相对危险性分别为 RR=2 .70 0 ,RR=3.92 7。家系连锁分析显示 L OD最大值为 1.80 334 (θ=0 .0 0 0 0 )。结论　 Gly1 0 0 8和 Gly1 1 6 9位点多态性可能是 2型糖尿病的遗传标志。     

灭活前后HIV-1包膜基因变异的研究

目的 深入了解ＨＩＶ在灭活因素作用下包膜基因变异。方法 对ＨＩＶ－１Ｂ３亚型毒株在Ｓ／Ｄ法及低ｐＨ法灭活作用前后的样品,套式ＰＣＲ扩增其民膜基因Ｃ２￣Ｃ３区５６４ｂｐ的核酸自段,进行核苷酸序列测定和分析。结果 两种方法活前后,包膜基因变异均不显著,核苷酸同源性均为９８％。结论 Ｓ／Ｄ法及低ｐＨ法灭活作用前后ＨＩＶ包膜基因变异不显著。体外传代ＨＩＶ包膜基因趋于稳定。     

Study on genetic polymorphisms of DCC gene VNTR in esophageal cancer

The abeted in Colo~ cancer gene (DCC) is re~ as a susceptibility gene in colol'eCtal cancer, whichis located on chlomesome 18qZI. 2. Ihactivation of thisgene may Play an i~ role dndng some Pimessessuch as ~ p~ssion and metastasis. With its ~allycloned, in lop, casinger et alllJ found that a vocablenumber tandem repeat (VNTR) is located wick an intwOf the DCC gene, its lepeat act is 2 hp,the core seqUence of (TA)n ~ numbers ~ 10 -- to tinies, whichis an ideal genetic rnalker. Esophageal…     

Comprehensive genetic screening for vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome through an amplification-based next-generation sequencing system

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder (HCTD) characterized by arterial dissection/aneurysm/rupture, sigmoid colon rupture, or uterine rupture. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting heterozygous variants in COL3A1. This is the largest Asian case series and the first to apply an amplification-based next-generation sequencing through custom panels of causative genes for HCTDs, including a specific method of evaluating copy number variations. Among 429 patients with suspected HCTDs analyzed, 101 were suspected to have vEDS, and 33 of them (32.4%) were found to have COL3A1 variants. Two patients with a clinical diagnosis of Loeys–Dietz syndrome and/or familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection were also found to have COL3A1 variants. Twenty cases (57.1%) had missense variants leading to glycine (Gly) substitutions in the triple helical domain, one (2.9%) had a missense variant leading to non-Gly substitution in this domain, eight (22.9%) had splice site alterations, three (8.6%) had nonsense variants, two (5.7%) had in-frame deletions, and one (2.9%) had a multi-exon deletion, including two deceased patients analyzed with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples. This is a clinically useful system to detect a wide spectrum of variants from various types of samples.     

Variable activation of lovastatin by hydrolytic enzymes in human plasma and liver

Lovastatin, widely used to lower cholesterol, is a pro-drug that requires metabolic activation through hydrolysis by carboxyesterases. There appear to be at least three distinct esterases in humans capable of catalysing this reaction, one in plasma and two in the liver.The rate of lovastatin hydroxy acid formation was measured as 15.8 pmol · ml^–1 · min^–1 in plasma, 2.13 pmol · mg^–1 protein · min^–1 in hepatic microsomes and 0.92 pmol · mg^–1 protein · min^–1 in cytosol. The data suggest that on average the three esterases together are capable of activating about 220 nmol (90 g) lovastatin per minute per person, to which the esterases of plasma, liver microsomes and liver cytosol contribute approximately 18, 15 and 67%, respectively.All three esterases showed evidence of inter-individual variability. In one of 17 livers, both cytosolic and microsomal esterase activity was completely missing, while two other liver specimens lacked one esterase.Such variability must be expected to influence the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, and they might be related to its occasional toxicity.     

Data sources, bed supply and performance in hospital systems: An Anglo-Czechoslovak comparison

Background: There were a number of similarities, except fortheir effectiveness, in the health care systems of Czechoslovakiaand England and Wales between the Second World War and the late1980s. In a comparison of Czechoslovakia with England and Wales,the objectives of this study were to examine data sources andto report time trends and regional distributions in hospitalbed supply, hospital doctor supply and hospital utilisation.Methods: For the specialties of general medicine and generalsurgery in both countries from 1960 to 1986, data were collatedon bed supply, hospital doctor supply, discharge rates and lengthof stay. Issues concerning the comparability of the data wereaddressed, for example those of the definitions of specialty,length of stay and casemix. Results: In the period 1960 to 1986,in the specialties of general medicine and general surgery,there was a relative excess in the supply of hospital doctorsand beds in Czechoslovakia compared with England and Wales.Hospital performance in terms of discharge rates, dischargesper bed and length of stay remained relatively static in Czechoslovakiaduring this period compared to marked increases in dischargerates and reduced length of stay in England and Wales. Bothcountries recorded reductions in the regional variation of bedand doctor supply and hospital utilisation. Conclusions: Internationalstudies of hospital utilisation need to be interpreted carefullyin the light of definitions of hospital stay, casemix, the useof day cases and the availability of other services. Subjectto these caveats, discharge rates were high and duration ofstay long In Czechoslovakia compared with England and Wales;however, both countries achieved important improvements in regionalequity.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of 16p11.2 microdeletions with diverse prenatal phenotypes: Four cases report and literature review

ObjectiveChromosome 16p11.2 deletions have been recognized as a genetic disorder with well-described postnatal phenotypes. However, the prenatal manifestations are atypical for lacking of enough evidence.Case reportFour pregnant women underwent amniocentesis for cytogenetic analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) because of various indications for prenatal diagnosis: prenatal ultrasound abnormalities (cases 1, 2 and 4) and the childbearing history of cerebral palsy child (case 3). No overlapping phenotypes were observed in cases 1, 2 and 4, which might indicate phenotypic diversities in prenatal phenotypes for 16p11.2 microdeletion. All four fetuses showed normal karyotypic results while CMA identified 0.303–0.916 Mb microdeletions of 16p11.2, encompassing BP2–BP3 and BP4–BP5 regions separately. According to the parental CMA verification, case 1 carried a maternal inherited duplication in the region of Xp22.33 and a de novo deletion in the region of Xp21.1. All parents opted for the termination of pregnancies based upon genetic counselling.ConclusionOur findings enriched the intrauterine phenotypic features of 16p11.2 microdeletions, which would be beneficial for genetic counselling in clinic. In addition, preimplantation genetic testing was recognized as a first-tier approach for such carriers if they intended to conceive again.