Allocation of control rights and cooperation efficiency in public-private partnerships: theory and evidence from the Chinese pharmaceutical industry

This article uses incomplete contract theory to study the allocation of control rights in public-private partnerships (PPPs) between pharmaceutical enterprises and nonprofit organizations; it also investigates how this allocation influences cooperation efficiency. We first develop a mathematic model for the allocation of control rights and its influence on cooperation efficiency, and then derive some basic hypotheses from the model. The results of an empirical test show that the allocation of control rights influences how enterprises invest in PPPs. A proper allocation provides incentives for firms to make fewer self-interested and more public-interested investments. Such an allocation also improves the cooperation efficiency of PPPs.      

心肺脑复苏的急救配合与护理

目的 探讨护士如何在最短时间里准确判断出病人呼吸心跳骤停,并尽快地配合医生进行心肺脑复苏的急救。方法对本组18例心肺复苏患者的急救与护理进行分析。发现患者出现意识丧失、大动脉搏动消失,应立即在最短时间内配合医生采取气道开放、人工呼吸、胸外心脏按压、除颤、气管插管、复苏药物的应用、头部及体表大血管行经处冰敷等复苏处理。结果18例中,心肺复苏成功12例,6例无效。结论护士必须熟练掌握CPCR操作技术,密切观察危重病人的病情变化,发现异常应迅速与医生配合,采取有效的抢救措施和护理措施是提高复苏成功率的关键。     

中西医结合治疗慢性乙型黄疸型肝炎临床分析

目的观察茵陈蒿汤加减方治疗乙型黄疸型肝炎的疗效。方法运用随机数字表,将120例乙型黄疸型肝炎患者随机分成两组,对照组60例予常规的西医护肝退黄治疗,治疗组60例予西医常规的西医护肝退黄治疗外,加用以茵陈蒿汤为主方配伍清热解毒、利湿退黄、活血化瘀三类中药的汤剂治疗,每日1剂,连续煎2次后药液混匀分3次服。两组观察疗程均为2～8周,每周检测肝功能。结果治疗组显效41例,有效10例,好转7例,无效2例,总疗效率96.7%;对照组显效31例,有效11例,好转10例,无效8例,总疗效率86.7%。两组总疗效率比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。结论以茵陈蒿汤加减方治疗慢性乙型黄疸型肝炎的疗效确切,能明显改善肝功能和临床症状,缩短病程,且无毒副作用。     

情景模拟健康教育对白内障患者术中配合知识认知度及应激反应的影响

目的研究情景模拟健康教育对白内障患者术中配合知识认知度及应激反应的影响。方法选取2018年1月至2019年1月在南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院接受白内障手术的患者88例作为对象,依据随机数字表法,将其分为A组和B组,各44例。A组采用情景模拟健康教育,B组采用常规健康教育方式。比较两组在健康教育前后的配合知识认知度评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)及健康教育前后的血流动力学指标(包括收缩压、舒张压及心率)。结果健康教育后,A组健康教育的配合知识认知度评分高于B组,A、B两组SAS评分分别为(37.44±5.12)分、(45.55±5.16)分,A组低于B组;A、B两组SDS评分分别为(34.52±4.21)分、(39.37±4.32)分,A组低于B组;A、B两组VAS评分分别为(1.11±0.61)分、(2.67±0.65)分,A组低于B组;A组的收缩压、舒张压及心率均低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论对白内障患者采用情景模拟健康教育,不仅能够提高其术中配合知识的认知度,还能够缓解其应激反应。     

Testosterone, facial symmetry and cooperation in the prisoners' dilemma

Recent research has analyzed how individual characteristics, like the exposure to different hormones and symmetry, affect decision-making and strategic behaviour. The present article investigates the effect of symmetry, of exposure to testosterone (T) in utero and during puberty and of current T on cooperation in a Prisoners' Dilemma Game (PDG). T is a hormone with well known effect on males' behaviour, and that promotes activities that seek to increase reproductive success. Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) reflects the ability of the organism to maintain a stable development and it is usually employed as a variable reflecting genetic quality (low FA values are thought to signal higher genetic quality). Our results show that subjects with intermediate levels of second to fourth digit ratio (a proxy of exposure to T in utero) and with high FA cooperate more often in the PDG. We also observe that the latter effect is due to the fact that FA has an impact on subjects' expectations about the behaviour of their counterpart in the game. These results reinforce the described link between markers related to genetic quality and cooperative behaviour. This possible linkage of individual condition and pro-social behaviour in humans clearly merits further attention.     

经尿道接触式激光治疗前列腺增生症的手术配合

采用外科激光治疗（简称ＳＬＴ）前列腺增生症２４例，结果无一例发生并发症，提出此法创伤小、出血量少，患者易于接受；良好的手术配合是保证患者手术顺利进行、避免并发症发生的关键。     

护生竞争与合作策略取向的研究与分析

竞争与合作是获取成功的2种不同策略。大学生对于合作与竞争的态度在一定程度上反映了学习的动力、对获取成功的策略取向以及自我评价能力的高低,能为素质教育提供有用的参考工具[1]。21世纪,护理专业的发展对护理人员提出了“既要有知识、技能,还要有团结精神与人合作的能力”     

儿童行为管理技术研究进展

在儿童牙病的治疗过程中,患儿不合作是口腔科医生经常面临的问题.合理使用行为管理技术能帮助我们更有效地管理儿童行为,以助于提高治疗效率,缓解工作压力.本文主要从基础行为管理技术和高级行为管理技术两方面对儿童口腔行为管理技术的研究进展进行简要综述.     

The status of blood safety in ECO member states

Background

Access to the information concerning blood safety is essential for managing problems and overcoming the challenges that are faced in any given region. Information on the availability and safety of blood in countries of the Economic Cooperation Organisation (ECO) is largely lacking. To address this problem, the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organisation, in collaboration with other ECO member states, initiated a research project in 2009 to collect, analyse and compare statistics on blood safety in the region.

Materials and methods

A modified and summarised version of the Global Database on Blood Safety (GDBS) questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was sent to all ten countries in the ECO region. The heads of the national transfusion services or focal points were requested to complete the form. Related literature and websites were also reviewed.

Results

Only three countries (Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey) completed the questionnaire, while other countries provided their available data on some parts of the questionnaire. The number of donations per year varied from 5 to 27/1,000 population. The rate of donors positive for human immunodeficiency virus ranged from 0.003% to 0.2%. The rate of donors positive for hepatitis C virus antibody varied from 0.05% to 3.9% while that of hepatitis B virus surface antigen ranged from 0.15% to 3.91% respectively.

Discussion

There is very clear diversity in blood transfusion services among ECO member states. Most countries in the region do not have a data-recording system. It is generally estimated that the need for blood is much higher than the supply in this region. Deficiencies in donor screening and a high prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections are other important challenges.