经阴道彩色多普勒对宫角妊娠诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒血流显像对宫角妊娠诊断与鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法 对经手术和病理已证实的64例宫角妊娠二维图像、血流分布及频谱特征进行回顾性分析。结果 根据64例经阴道二维超声与彩色多普勒检查结果，将宫角妊娠分为三种类型，①典型孕囊型13例，超声诊断正确率100％(13／13)；②不典型孕囊型16例，诊断正确率93％(15／16)；③包块型35例，诊断正确率69％(24／35)，内含4例残角妊娠破裂误诊为官外孕。结论 经阴道彩色多普勒对宫角妊娠的早期诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

Complete and partial luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome after ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin/human chorionic gonadotrophin

A total of 31 clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin(HMG)/human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)-stimulated cyclesin 28 patients were investigated to determine the fate of eachof the matured follicles. A standard stimulation regimen wasadhered to, and ultrasound as well as hormonal monitoring wasperformed. All follicles were measured by vaginal ultrasoundat –12, +35 and +45 h relative to HCG administration andat 7 days after HCG administration. Of the 220 follicles, 107(48.6%) ruptured. The number of ruptured follicles per cyclewas correlated with the mid-luteal progesterone concentration(r = 0.63, P = 0.0005). The probability of follicular rupturewas related to follicular diameter at 12 h before HCG administration;6% of follicles <12 mm in diameter ruptured compared with87% of follicles 18–19 mm. A complete luteinized unrupturedfollicle (LUF) syndrome was observed in six cycles (20%). Inthese cycles, follicular growth and oestradiol, progesterone,luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)concentrations at 12 h before HCG administration were similarto those in cycles with follicular rupture. However, mid-lutealprogesterone concentrations were lower in complete LUF cycles(46.97 ± 8.95 nmol/1 versus 108.74 ± 12.27 nmol/1;P = 0.02). These data demonstrate that in stimulated cyclesmany follicles, usually the smaller ones, fail to rupture, evenafter HCG administration. Complete LUF syndrome, despite a strongexogenous ovulatory signal, and the absence of any differencein peri-ovulatory hormonal parameters, indicates that the defectcausing LUF resides in the follicle itself and/or hormonal changesduring the follicular phase.     

胎儿持续性右脐静脉的超声诊断及临床意义

目的探讨持续性右脐静脉胎儿的产前超声表现以及临床结果之间的关系。方法于产前超声检查发现胎儿持续性右脐静脉，对胎儿及出生后的婴儿进行随访观察，并对结果进行总结分析。结果发现并随访持续性右脐静脉胎儿18例，其中合并完全性房室隔缺损1例（21-三体儿），合并尿道后瓣膜并单脐动脉1例，另一例合并单脐动脉，余未发现合并其他胎儿畸形，产后超声检查新生儿发现门静脉变异17例，随访3—6月生长发育正常。结论本组资料显示，单纯持续性右脐静脉的胎儿，无合并其他部位的畸形，被视为良性的解剖学变异，预后良好；如合并其他畸形，则需进行相关的遗传学检查及相应的诊疗措施。     

低频超声透皮给药的研究进展与应用

低频超声可以增强包括大分子药物在内的许多药物的透皮传输,其主要机制是超声的空化作用,大多数人认为是通过改变角质层角化细胞排列结构来提高皮肤渗透能力的.低频超声透皮给药已被人们用于离体实验和动物活体实验,到目前为止,无论是小分子透皮传输还是大分子透皮传输都有很多成功的例子.但是真正通过低频超声透皮导入药物进行治疗的临床应用报道很少,需要更进一步大量的临床试验以确定其安全性与实用价值.一旦其安全性得以证实,合适的低频超声透皮仪研制成功,低频超声快速透皮必将成为一种安全、有效、可控、经济的新型给药方式.     

血管内超声对冠状动脉临界病变的临床应用

目的应用血管内超声(IVUS)对冠状动脉造影(CAG)提示冠状动脉临界病变的患者检查,评价IVUS在冠状动脉临界病变诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法选择经CAG诊断为冠状动脉存在临界狭窄的78例患者,其中男性56例,女性22例;年龄34～71岁,平均年龄55.4岁。行IVUS检查和CAG,对照分析两种检查结果。结果CAG检测发现偏心性斑块31处,向心性斑块82处;而行IVUS检测发现偏心性斑块56处,向心性斑块57处。IVUS清楚显示软斑块54处,硬斑块23处,混合性斑块36例,其中探查血栓1处,溃疡2处;而CAG不能显示管腔形态及斑块特点。病变最窄处血管面积狭窄率IVUS所测值明显高于CAG,分别为68%±21%、58%±19%(P<0.05),两者比较差异具有统计学意义。结论对于CAG显示的临界狭窄病变,IVUS能更准确地判定管腔形态、病变性质及狭窄程度,对冠心病特别是有冠心病症状的患者的诊断及临床介入治疗有重要意义.     

Breast Ultrasound Image Classification Based on Multiple-Instance Learning

Breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation is a very difficult task due to poor image quality and speckle noise. In this paper, local features extracted from roughly segmented regions of interest (ROIs) are used to describe breast tumors. The roughly segmented ROI is viewed as a bag. And subregions of the ROI are considered as the instances of the bag. Multiple-instance learning (MIL) method is more suitable for classifying breast tumors using BUS images. However, due to the complexity of BUS images, traditional MIL method is not applicable. In this paper, a novel MIL method is proposed for solving such task. First, a self-organizing map is used to map the instance space to the concept space. Then, we use the distribution of the instances of each bag in the concept space to construct the bag feature vector. Finally, a support vector machine is employed for classifying the tumors. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better performance: the accuracy is 0.9107 and the area under receiver operator characteristic curve is 0.96 (p < 0.005).     

基于Snake算法的气道内超声序列图像的边界提取

目的：气道内超声能为肺部肿瘤提供更多的诊断信息,能让医生以对病人伤害很小的方式检视患者肺部,而无需采用传统的有创手术方式。本文提出了一种能用于气道内超声边界提取的新的Snake算法模型。方法：作为非方向性指标,局部相位具有图像的亮度及对比度无关性。本文拟在Snake模型中引入局部相位,以设计其新的图像能量公式。结果：本文所提出的算法与现有的超声边界提取算法进行了提取结果对比。实验结果表明本文所提出的算法优于现有的算法。结论：本文所提出的新算法能有效地对气道内超声图像提取边界。     

全数字超声多普勒血流测量系统研究

传统超声多普勒血流测量仪器使用模拟电路来完成信号采集与解调处理,此类系统容易受外界电磁环境、温度变化等因素的干扰,也难以运用现代信号处理技术来实现更高级的检测功能,例如多深度检测、功率M型多普勒血流成像以及编码激励成像等。本研究设计了一种全数字的超声多普勒血流信号采集处理系统,结合经典的自相关技术,实现了多深度检测和功率M型多普勒血流成像,并采用2周期基础码调制的13位Barker码编码激励方法,得到远高于传统方法的轴向空间分辨率。为验证该系统的有效性,首先利用该系统对多普勒体模进行检测实验研究,证明该系统能有效提高轴向空间分辨率;然后通过对大脑中动脉、前动脉血流检测,表明该系统可以显示出超声波发射方向上整个深度的血流信息,有利于血管的定位和识别。     

Congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood

Objective

To document the types of congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood, the clinical presentation and complications of these renal anomalies, and the most useful imaging modality in detecting a renal anomaly.

Materials and methods

This study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. Between January 2007 and January 2011, the clinical data and imaging studies of 28 patients older than 18 years diagnosed with renal anomaly at the authors’ institution were retrospectively reviewed. Renal anomalies in this study included only those with abnormality in position and in form.

Results

Of these 28 patients, 22 underwent imaging studies and their results constituted the material of this study. Of the 22 patients, 14 had horseshoe kidneys (HSK), four had crossed renal ectopia and four had malrotation. Sixteen patients were men and six were women. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 74 years (mean age 51.1 years). Clinical presentations were abdominal pain (13), fever (13), haematuria (4), palpable mass (2), asymptomatic (2), polyuria (1) dysuria (1), blurred vision (1), and headache with weakness of left extremities (1). Imaging studies included abdominal radiograph (15), intravenous pyelography (IVP) (8), retrograde pyelography (RP) (4), ultrasonography (US) (7), and computed tomography (CT) (9). Associated complications included urinary tract stones (17), urinary tract infection (16), hydronephrosis (12), and tumours (2). Abdominal radiograph suggested renal anomalies in nine out of 15 studies. IVP, RP, US and CT suggested anomalies in all patients who had these studies performed. However, CT was the best imaging modality to evaluate anatomy, function and complications of patients with renal anomalies.

Conclusion

HSK was the most common renal anomaly, with abdominal pain and fever being the most common presentations. UTI and stones were the most common complications. IVP, RP, US and CT can be used to diagnose renal anomalies but CT is the best imaging modality to evaluate renal anatomy, function and its complications.     

Pulsed ultrasound therapy accelerates the recovery of skeletal muscle damage induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

We studied the effect of pulsed ultrasound therapy (UST) and antibothropic polyvalent antivenom (PAV) on the regeneration of mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle following damage by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Animals (Swiss male and female mice weighing 25.0 ± 5.0 g; 5 animals per group) received a perimuscular injection of venom (1 mg/kg) and treatment with UST was started 1 h later (1 min/day, 3 MHz, 0.3 W/cm², pulsed mode). Three and 28 days after injection, muscles were dissected and processed for light microscopy. The venom caused complete degeneration of muscle fibers. UST alone and combined with PAV (1.0 mL/kg) partially protected these fibers, whereas muscles receiving no treatment showed disorganized fascicules and fibers with reduced diameter. Treatment with UST and PAV decreased the effects of the venom on creatine kinase content and motor activity (approximately 75 and 48%, respectively). Sonication of the venom solution immediately before application decreased the in vivo and ex vivo myotoxic activities (approximately 60 and 50%, respectively). The present data show that UST counteracts some effects of B. jararacussu venom, causing structural and functional improvement of the regenerated muscle after venom injury.