应用高频超声建立未育女性腹直肌间距正常值参考范围及影响因素分析

目的 应用高频超声测量未育女性在四个位置的腹直肌间距并分析相关因素,旨在初步制定正常腹直肌间距(IRD)的参考值范围。 方法 选取2019年6月至2019年9月在我院行健康体检的106名健康未育女性志愿者,体质量指数（BMI）均≤30kg/m2,应用高频超声分别于仰卧位静息状态及卷腹动作测量脐上3cm、脐部、脐下2cm和脐下3cm四个位置的IRD,应用百分位数法计算IRD参考值范围,并分析IRD与年龄、身高、体重、BMI指数之间的关系。 结果 未育女性仰卧位静息状态IRD正常值范围如下：脐上3cm为4~15mm,脐部为5~20mm,脐下2cm为0~7mm,脐下3cm为0~3mm。相关性分析显示IRD与年龄、身高无相关性,与体重和BMI指数呈较弱的正相关。 结论 本研究应用高频超声初步建立了未育女性IRD的参考值范围,为腹直肌分离的诊断提供了依据,IRD与体重和BMI指数呈较弱的正相关。     

常规超声联合超声造影对胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤与黏液性囊性肿瘤的鉴别诊断

目的探讨常规超声及超声造影（CEUS）对胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤（serous cystic adenoma,SCA）和黏液性囊性肿瘤（mucinous cystic neoplasm,MCN）的鉴别诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院2016年6月至2020年12月经手术病理证实的86例胰腺SCA和MCN的一般临床资料及常规超声和CEUS影像资料,对其进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,并建立Logistic回归模型,绘制回归模型鉴别SCA与MCN的ROC曲线,评价常规超声及CEUS特征对SCA与MCN的鉴别诊断价值。 结果86例胰腺囊性肿瘤病例中SCA共58例,MCN共28例。单因素分析结果显示：SCA与MCN的性别、肿瘤生长部位、生长形态、临床症状、CEUS动脉期增强强度及强化模式比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）;2组的发病年龄、瘤体最大径、病灶内部囊腔是否≥6个、有无钙化及钙化在病灶内的分布情况、单个囊腔的最大径是否≥20 mm、囊壁厚度及均匀性、囊壁结节的有无及CEUS静脉期增强强度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示：囊腔个数≥6个（OR=0.163,95%CI：0.047~0.561）、囊壁增厚或厚度不均（OR=9.388,95%CI：2.663~33.094）及单囊腔直径≥20 mm（OR=3.254,95%CI：1.037~10.213）是诊断MCN的独立危险因素,建立Logistic回归模型为：Logit（P）=-2.792-1.815X₃（囊腔个数）+2.239X₅（囊壁特征）+1.180X₆（单囊腔直径）,ROC曲线显示该回归模型鉴别SCA与MCN的曲线下面积为0.823（95％CI：0.734~0.913）。 结论胰腺SCA和MCN具有各自的超声影像学特征,应用常规超声及CEUS可以较好地对二者进行鉴别,为临床进一步治疗提供依据。     

高频彩色多普勒超声对肌肉软组织病变诊断分析

目的:探究肌肉软组织病变患者行高频彩色多普勒超声(彩超)诊断的临床效果。方法:择取2016年5月~2019年1月期间某院收治的45例肌肉软组织病变患者为研究对象,分别为其开展二维灰阶超声和高频彩超检查,对比两种检查方式的诊断准确率,同时分析高频彩超扫描图像。结果:二维灰阶超声对肌肉软组织病变诊断准确率为80.00%(36/45),高频彩超的诊断准确率为95.56%(43/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高频彩超对肌肉软组织病变具有良好的诊断效果,可及时发现患者病变严重程度,为制定治疗方案和改善患者预后具有重要作用,因此该种诊断方式值得在临床中进行大力推广。     

Acute decrease in the stiffness of resting muscle belly due to static stretching

The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effect of static stretching exercise on the resting stiffness of gastrocnemius muscle belly. Ten healthy young adults performed standing wall stretching in dorsiflexion for 1 min at a time and repeated five times. Before and after stretching, the shear modulus was measured in medial and lateral heads of the resting gastrocnemius muscle with ultrasound shear‐wave elastography. After the stretching, dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint increased (P < 0.01) by 3.9° and returned in 20 min. Immediately after stretching, shear modulus decreased (P < 0.01) by 14%, compared with before stretching across muscle heads. The decrease in shear modulus returned in 20 min after stretching. In the comparison group of 10 additional subjects, the standing intervention without stretching had no influence on these measures. There was a negative correlation between dorsiflexion ROM and shear modulus in either head before and after stretching. The results demonstrate the transient decreases in the stiffness of the resting gastrocnemius muscle belly and indicate that joint flexibility is greater in individuals with lower resting stiffness of the muscle belly.     

Prevalence of Achilles and patellar tendinopathy and their association to intratendinous changes in adolescent athletes

Achilles (AT) and patellar tendons (PT) are commonly affected by tendinopathy in adult athletes but prevalence of symptoms and morphological changes in adolescents is unclear. The study aimed to determine prevalence of tendinopathy and intratendinous changes in ATs and PTs of adolescent athletes. A total of 760 adolescent athletes (13.0 ± 1.9 years; 160 ± 13 cm; 50 ± 14 kg) were examined. History, local clinical examination, and longitudinal Doppler ultrasound analysis for both ATs and PTs were performed including identification of intratendinous echoic changes and vascularization. Diagnosis of tendinopathy was complied clinically in case of positive history of tendon pain and tendon pain on palpation. Achilles tendinopathy was diagnosed in 1.8% and patellar tendinopathy in 5.8%. Vascularizations were visible in 3.0% of ATs and 11.4% of PTs, hypoechogenicities in 0.7% and 3.2% as well as hyperechogenicities in 0% and 0.3%, respectively. Vascularizations and hypoechogenicities were statistically significantly more often in males than in females (P ≤ 0.02). Subjects with patellar tendinopathy had higher prevalence of structural intratendinous changes than those without PT symptoms (P ≤ 0.001). In adolescent athletes, patellar tendinopathy is three times more frequent compared with Achilles tendinopathy. Longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate physiological or pathological origin of vascularizations and its predictive value in development of tendinopathy.     

全数字化乳腺摄影和彩超对乳腺疾病的诊断效果分析

目的 探讨全数字化乳腺摄影和彩超对乳腺疾病的临床诊断效果.方法 对来笔者医院诊治的40例乳腺疾病患者资料进行分析,患者均行彩色多普勒超声和全数字化乳腺摄影检查,将两种检查结果与病理结果对比,分析两种诊断方法的准确性.结果 本组40例中,29例病理阳性,11例病理阴性;全数字化乳腺摄影检查27例阳性,13例阴性,阳性诊断符合率为93.1％;彩超检查17例阳性,23例阴性,阳性符合率为58.6％,全数字化乳腺摄影阳性诊断符合率高于彩超(P＜0.01).29例年龄＞40岁患者中,病理诊断阳性22例,阴性7例;全数字化乳腺摄影检查阳性符合率为90.9％(20/22),高于彩超检查的阳性符合率(54.5％,12/22) (P＜ 0.01);11例年龄≤40岁患者中,病理诊断8例阳性,3例阴性;全数字化乳腺摄影检查阳性符合率87.5％(7/8),高于彩超检查的阳性符合率(62.5％,5/8),但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺疾病的诊断准确率比彩超高,应作为乳腺疾病的常规诊断方法.但其对于≤40岁患者的诊断准确率不高,需要结合其他方法诊断.     

ACR Appropriateness Criteria Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common and potentially complex condition. Imaging can complement physical examination by revealing clinically occult abnormalities and clarifying the nature of the pelvic floor defects present. Imaging can add value in preoperative management for patients with a complex clinical presentation, and in postoperative management of patients suspected to have recurrent pelvic floor dysfunction or a surgical complication. Imaging findings are only clinically relevant if the patient is symptomatic. Several imaging modalities have a potential role in evaluating patients; the choice of modality depends on the patient’s symptoms, the clinical information desired, and the usefulness of the test.The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions; they are reviewed every 3 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals, and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.