卒中后合并脑心综合征患者的便秘症状评分的调查

目的：调查卒中后合并脑心综合征（CCS）患者的便秘症状评分现况。方法：39例卒中后合并CCS患者（卒中＋CCS组）接受了“便秘症状及疗效评估问卷”评估,并与54例同期住院未合并CCS脑卒中患者（卒中对照组）比较。结果：卒中＋CCS组住院期间功能性便秘（CIC）发生率明显高于卒中对照组（64．10％比24．07％,P〈0．01）,同时卒中＋CCS组的便秘症状总分及各分项评分均明显高于卒中对照组[总分：（14．47±4．61）分比（10．25±3．17）分,P〈0．01）]。结论：卒中后合并脑心综合征患者常常患有功能性便秘,且便秘症状评分严重,后者也可能是脑心综合征发病诱因之一。     

Favorable surgical treatment outcomes for chronic constipation with features of colonic pseudo-obstruction

AIM: To determine long-term outcomes of surgical treatments for patients with constipation and features of colonic pseudo-obstruction.METHODS: Consecutive 42 patients who underwent surgery for chronic constipation within the last 13 years were prospectively collected. We identified a subgroup with colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) features, with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone, in contrast to typical slow-transit constipation (STC), without any dilated colonic segments. The outcomes of surgical treatments for chronic constipation with features of CPO were analyzed and compared with outcomes for STC.RESULTS: Of the 42 patients who underwent surgery for constipation, 33 patients had CPO with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone. There were 16 males and 17 females with a mean age of 51.2 ± 16.1 years. All had symptoms of chronic intestinal obstruction, including abdominal distension, pain, nausea, or vomiting, and the mean duration of symptoms was 67 mo (range: 6-252 mo). Preoperative defecation frequency was 1.5 ± 0.6 times/wk (range: 1-2 times/wk). Thirty-two patients underwent total colectomy, and one patient underwent diverting transverse colostomy. There was no surgery-related mortality. Postoperative histologic examination showed hypoganglionosis or agangliosis in 23 patients and hypoganglionosis combined with visceral neuropathy or myopathy in 10 patients. In contrast, histology of STC group revealed intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (n = 6) and visceral myopathy (n = 3). Early postoperative complications developed in six patients with CPO; wound infection (n = 3), paralytic ileus (n = 2), and intraabdominal abscess (n = 1). Defecation frequencies 3 mo after surgery improved to 4.2 ± 3.2 times/d (range: 1-15 times/d). Long-term follow-up (median: 39.7 mo) was available in 32 patients; all patients had improvements in constipation symptoms, but two patients needed intermittent medication for management of diarrhea. All 32 patients had distinct improvements in constipation symptoms (with a mean bowel frequency of 3.3 ± 1.3 times/d), social activities, and body mass index (20.5 kg/m² to 22.1 kg/m²) and were satisfied with the results of their surgical treatment. In comparison with nine patients who underwent colectomy for STC without colon dilatation, those in the CPO group had a lower incidence of small bowel obstructions (0% vs 55.6%, P < 0.01) and less difficulty with long-distance travel (6.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.007) on long-term follow-up.CONCLUSION: Chronic constipation patients with features of CPO caused by narrowed transitional zone in the left colon had favorable outcomes after total colectomy.     

脾虚型复发口疮伴便秘患者肠道菌群的变化

目的研究脾虚型复发口疮伴便秘患者肠道菌群的特征。方法选择肠道菌群中具有代表性的细菌共8种进行培养和计数．选择30例正常人为健康对照组,30例为脾虚型复发口疮便秘组,取当日首次定量大便作活性菌培养,检测两组相同菌种进行比较。结果脾虚型复发口疮患者便秘组的类杆菌、双岐杆菌、优杆菌、乳杆菌比对照组要显著减少（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,而消化链球菌、梭菌、葡萄球菌、肠杆菌则要比对照组显著增多（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,但肠球菌和酵母样菌在两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论脾虚型复发口疮患者便秘与肠道菌群失调有关。     

小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的临床观察

为探索小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的有效性,将耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的患者70例分为研究组（37例）和对照组（33例）。研究组采用小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗,对照组采用单纯生物反馈疗法治疗,疗程均为20d。结果显示,研究组疗效（总有效率91．9％）显著优于对照组（总有效率66．7％）。结果表明,小针刀结合生物反馈疗法是治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的有效方法。     

The prevalence of constipation at admission and after 1 week of palliative care: a multi-center study

Aim: To assess the prevalence and intensity of constipation in advanced-cancer patients referred to palliative care, and to assess changes after 1 week of specialist palliative care.

Methods: This was a prospective multi-center study in advanced patients for a period of 1 year. At admission (T0), age, gender, primary tumor, concomitant diseases, Karnofsky status, Palliative prognostic score (PaP), Edmonton Symptom Assessment scale (ESAS), Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), and bowel function index (BFI) were collected. In BFI, high values represent severe constipation. The use of medication was also recorded, as well as possible causes of constipation. The same parameters were recorded 1 week after admission for palliative care (T7).

Results: A total of 246 patients were screened for constipation. The mean BFI at T0 was 42.4 (SD?=?26.92). One hundred and sixty-three patients (66.3%) had a BFI >28. The mean BFI at T7 was 35.7 (SD?=?28.8), with a significant decrease from T0 to T7 (p?=?.000). A significant decrease of BFI in patients with a BFI >28 was reported (p?=?.000). In patients with a BFI ≤28 there was a significant worsening of constipation (p?=?.000). In patients with a BFI >28 at T0 there was a significant increase in the use of laxatives at T7 in comparison with patients having a BFI ≤28 (p?=?.002). In patients with a BFI ≤28 at T0, who had a significant worsening of BFI (Δ?>?12), the use of laxatives was significantly lower in comparison to patients who had a BFI >28 (p?=?.000). In the multivariate analysis, dehydration and the use of benzodiazepines were independently associated with higher BFI scores.

Conclusion: Constipation is present in approximately two-thirds of patients, and is principally associated with dehydration and the use of benzodiazepines. Patients with normal bowel function at initial assessment may see a worsening in their condition a week later due to lack of prevention or subsequent under-treatment.     

出口梗阻性便秘对大鼠血浆胃动素和血管活性肠肽含量的影响

目的研究出口梗阻性便秘对大鼠血浆胃动素（MTL）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量的影响。方法采用直肠部分缩窄法建立出口梗阻性便秘的动物模型，通过体外拆线解除梗阻，采用放射免疫分析法检测血浆MTL和VIP含量。结果模型组大鼠结肠黏膜显著水肿充血，大量炎症细胞浸润。模型组大鼠血浆MTL水平与正常组、解扎组大鼠差异无统计学意义，但其血浆VIP含量显著低于正常组（P〈0．01），与解扎组差异无统计学意义。结论出口梗阻性便秘导致大鼠结肠黏膜显著的炎症反应，也影响血浆VIP水平。     

便秘主导型肠易激综合征患者结、直肠肛门动力学的临床研究--附50例检测分析

目的:研究便秘主导型肠易激综合征患者的结肠、直肠动力和直肠感觉功能.方法:用不透X线法的结肠传输试验检测50例便秘主导型肠易激综合征(constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrom,C-IBS)患者及42名正常受试者(对照组)的结肠传输时间(colonic transit time,CTT)和结肠传输指数(transit index,TI),并用结肠传输指数分型;同时用肛门直肠测压方法测定C-IBS患者和对照组的肛门直肠压力、直肠感觉阈值和直肠顺应性.结果:C-IBS患者的全结肠及各节段结肠传输时间均高于对照组,C-IBS患者的肛管静息压、直肠静息压与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),肛门括约肌最大收缩压低于对照组,最大耐受容量及直肠顺应性均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且发现不同传输类型的C-IBS患者的肛门直肠测压的结果不尽相同.结论:C-IBS患者存在结肠、肛门直肠动力及直肠感觉功能异常,结肠传输试验与肛门直肠测压相结合,更有助于明确便秘的类型.     

骶神经调节术治疗顽固性便秘疗效观察

目的：观察骶神经调节术（SNM）治疗顽固性便秘的临床效果。方法第四军医大学西京消化病医院消化外科于2013年1月至2014年1月期间,采用骶神经调节测试系统经皮穿刺,刺激第3骶神经根,治疗7例复杂便秘患者,其中4例患者既往进行过至少1次的便秘手术。通过排粪日记、Cleveland便秘评分及视觉模拟评分（VAS）进行疗效评价。结果7例患者在接受体外临时测试治疗后,便秘症状均明显改善。其中6例接受永久性骶神经调节器植入术,围手术期未见并发症。术后随访中位时间4（2～12）月,6例患者的每周排粪次数由治疗前（0．6±0．5）次／周,增加到（8．0±2．5）次／周（P＜0．01）;排粪时间从（22．9±11．5） min减少到（3．7±0．8） min（P＜0．01）;Cleveland便秘评分从（24．6±4．2）分下降到（9．0±0．9）分（P＜0．01）;VAS评分从（8．1±0．9）分增加到（82．5±5．2）分（P＜0．01）。结论 SNM是治疗顽固性便秘的一种微创而安全有效的新方法。     

综合干预在抗精神病药物所致便秘中的作用

目的 观察综合干预在抗精神病药物所致便秘患者中的效果.方法 将2012年6月至2013年10月在我院就诊的90例抗精神病药物所致便秘患者分为综合干预组46例和常规治疗组44例.常规治疗组进行常规药物、饮食治疗,综合干预组实施从生活、心理、认知、护理等多方面综合干预,为期3个月.在干预前后采用便秘症状尺度表和便秘状况评估问卷（PAC-QOL）对患者进行评估.结果 综合干预组排便困难、过度用力排便、排便所用时间、频率积分、腹胀积分、症候总积分分别为（2.8±2.1）、（2.2±1.6）、（2.4±1.3）、（2.1±1.7）、（1.5±0.9）、（14.0±8.1）分;改善均优于常规治疗组（t=2.629、3.818、2.328、2.593、2.578、2.913,P＜0.05）.综合干预组PAC-QOL总积分、躯体不适、心理社会不适、担心和焦虑、满意度优于常规治疗组（t=7.499、2.570、5.012、2.249、12.259,P＜0.05）.结论 对抗精神病药物所致便秘患者实施综合干预治疗,可作为促进患者康复的有效措施.     

内镜下直肠黏膜多点烧灼术治疗直肠内脱垂疗效评价

目的与直肠黏膜纵行折叠加硬化剂注射术对比,评价内镜下直肠黏膜多点烧灼术治疗直肠内脱垂的疗效。方法前瞻性选取2013年8月至2018年10月东平县人民医院收治的直肠内脱垂患者80例。随机均分为对照组与治疗组2组,每组各40例。对照组患者采用直肠黏膜纵行折叠加硬化剂注射术治疗,治疗组患者采用内镜下直肠黏膜多点烧灼术治疗。对照组2例患者失访,最终38例患者纳入本研究。比较术前及术后3、6、12、18个月两组患者便秘症状评分。结果术前、术后3个月两组患者便秘症状评分差异均无统计学意义;治疗组患者术后6、12、18个月便秘症状评分均低于对照组患者[(2.0±0.2)分vs (2.2±0.3)分,(1.5±0.1)分vs (1.9±0.2)分,(0.7±0.1)分vs (1.7±0.1)分],且差异均有统计学意义(t=4.773、11.841、48.474,P均<0.001)。结论内镜下直肠黏膜多点烧灼术治疗直肠内脱垂操作简便,临床症状明显改善,长期疗效远优于直肠黏膜纵行折叠加硬化剂注射术。