女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘的测压特点分析

目的探讨女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘（OOC）患者肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能的特点。 方法回顾性分析南京市中医院2018年1月至2018年12月期间在便秘平台收治的53例OOC患者及60名健康志愿者的肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能资料。 结果53例患者的平均肛管静息压高于健康志愿者（t＝4.985,P<0.01）,平均最大收缩压低于健康志愿者（t＝7.555,P<0.01）。直肠排便压中,所有患者的平均排便压也是低于健康志愿者的（t=4.297,P<0.01）。肛门括约肌长度OOC患者较女性健康者增长（t=4.825,P<0.01）;不同合并症女性OOC患者肛管静息压与健康志愿者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=5.257,t_会阴下降=6.091,t_内套叠=4.23;P<0.05）。总体平均最大收缩压低于正常参考值,各型患者与健康志愿者差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=6.277,t_会阴下降=5.306,t_内套叠=3.293;P<0.05）;直肠排便压中,各型患者均表现排便压较低,但仅直肠前突及会阴下降与健康者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=3.313,t_会阴下降=4.637,P均<0.05）;患者排便阈值及平均排便阈值均高于健康志愿者,差异均有统计学意义（t＝2.818,P<0.01）。虽然53例患者的平均初始阈值高于健康志愿者,但差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。最大耐受量与健康志愿者相比,差异也没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;4种合并症便秘患者的初始阈值与健康志愿者相差不大,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论OOC动力特点主要表现为高肛管静息压,低收缩压,以及直肠低敏感性,这说明肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩及协调功能障碍、直肠敏感性下降及对容量刺激的反应较迟钝可能是造成功能性便秘的重要原因。     

不同年龄段慢性便秘患者病因特点分析

背景:慢性便秘(CC)的病因多样化,不同年龄段CC的病因特点可能存在差异。目的:探讨不同年龄段CC患者的病因特点。方法:选取2012年6月~2013年6月于山西医科大学第一医院就诊的CC患者369例,分为青年组、中年组、老年组,采用问卷调查的方法采集患者资料,问卷内容包括一般情况、CC发病相关因素,分析各组CC患者病因特点。结果:功能性CC病因中,中年组、老年组低纤维素饮食、进食量减少、滥用泻剂的比例较青年组显著增加(P0.05),饮食不规律、长时间抑制便意、排便不专注、工作/生活压力大的比例较青年组显著减少(P0.05)。器质性CC病因中,中年组、老年组结直肠息肉/肿瘤、伴随疾病、长期服用药物的比例较青年组显著增加(P0.05)。中年组、老年组女性发生焦虑和抑郁的比例较青年组显著增加(P0.05),三组男性患者发生焦虑和抑郁的比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:青年CC患者需注意饮食习惯、排便习惯、生活/工作压力,中老年CC患者需注意结直肠息肉或肿瘤以及可引起CC的伴随疾病、药物性因素等,中老年女性CC患者需注意焦虑和抑郁等精神因素。     

便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果的相关性研究:166例临床分析

背景:便秘是最常见的消化系统问题之一,有观点认为不同便秘症状或症状群对慢性便秘的病理生理机制可能有一定提示作用。肛门直肠测压是研究便秘病理生理机制的重要手段。目的:探讨便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果之间的相关性。方法:连续纳入166例功能性便秘患者,行肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验,并记录其排便次数减少、粪便干结、排便费力、排便不尽感、肛门梗阻感和腹胀症状发生情况。分析上述症状与两项检测结果的相关性。结果:腹胀组直肠最小感觉阈值降低发生率、排便次数减少组和排便费力组直肠推进力不足发生率均显著高于相应症状阴性组(P0.05),直肠肛门抑制反射不良组排便费力发生率显著低于反射正常组(P0.05);结肠慢传输以及肛门括约肌松弛不良、直肠肛门矛盾运动均与便秘症状无关。结论:排便次数减少和排便费力对直肠推进力不足有提示作用,腹胀则与直肠感觉过敏有关。深入细化便秘症状并综合考虑影响粪便性状的因素可能对慢性便秘的病理生理分型具有更好的提示作用。     

腹部推拿联合穴位贴敷治疗老年患者肺癌术后便秘的效果观察

目的 探讨腹部推拿联合穴位贴敷治疗肺癌患者术后便秘的临床效果。方法 选取2018年3月～2019年6月期间在本院胸外科行胸腔镜肺癌根治术的老年便秘患者59例为研究对象,按照时间先后顺序将所有患者分为干预组与对照组,其中2018年3月～2018年9月术后便秘者22例为对照组,2018年10月～2019年6月术后便秘者37例为干预组。两组实施常规护理,干预组同时给予腹部推拿及穴位贴敷,观察并记录两组症状前后积分、术后24 h、72 h VAS疼痛评分及护理满意度,比较两组患者的干预疗效。结果 干预组治疗总有效率（89.19%）高于观察组（68.18%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,干预组早期便秘症状治疗后积分[（10.54±3.31）分vs （16.18±5.09）分],术后72 h VAS疼痛评分[（2.91±0.68）分vs （2.30±0.66）分]明显低于观察组,总满意度（94.59% vs 72.73%）高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 腹部推拿联合穴位贴敷治疗肺癌术后老年便秘患者,能够缓解术后疼痛,并提高患者满意度,其方法简单、安全、有效,值得推广。     

普芦卡必利治疗慢性便秘的中国多中心随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床研究

目的 评价普芦卡必利(2 mg,每日1次)对中国慢性便秘患者的疗效及安全性.方法 采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照方法进行Ⅲ期临床研究,慢性便秘患者连续12周每日口服1次普芦卡必利(2 mg)或安慰剂.主要疗效指标为12周治疗期间平均每周完全自发排便(SCBM)≥3次的受试者比例.关键次要疗效指标为治疗前4周内平均每周完全自发排便(SCBM)≥3次的受试者比例.其他次要疗效指标包括每周平均SCBM次数、首次服药后出现第1次SCBM所需的时间、平均每周使用比沙可啶成灌肠剂的天数,并通过比较治疗前后PAC-SYM评分及PAC-QOL评分的变化评价患者的症状及生活质量改善情况.观察不良反应、实验室检查及心血管事件等安全性指标.结果 共筛选受试者446例,其中313例患者接受治疗,295例患者完成研究.治疗12周时,普芦卡必利组平均每周SCBM≥3次者的比例为39.4％,明显高于安慰剂组(12.7％,x2=29.50,P＜0.01).治疗4周时,普芦卡必利组平均每周SCBM≥3次者的比例为40.0％,明显高于安慰剂组(13.3％,x2=28.58,P＜0.01).患者总体症状及生活质量改善方面,普芦卡必利组优于安慰剂组.治疗期间常见的不良反应为腹泻、恶心、腹痛及头痛,基本为轻至中度,持续数天后即缓解.结论 普芦卡必利能显著且持续改善肠道功能,有效改善慢性便秘患者的相关症状,用以治疗中国慢性便秘患者安全、有效.     

Laparoscopic-assisted pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease,a prospective repeated evaluation of functional outcome

Aim of the study

To evaluate the functional outcome of laparoscopic-assisted endorectal pull-through (LAP) for Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) over time.

Methods

Thirty-five children with HSCR underwent laparoscopic-assisted pull-through at our institution between 1998 and 2009. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in all cases. Clinical data was extracted from the case records. A prospective assessment of the functional outcome was performed in 2009 and 2012. Exclusion criteria were a follow-up of less than 6 months after treatment (1 case) and total colonic aganglionosis (1 case). An independent examiner, not involved in the clinical care of the patients, performed interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Four patients could not be traced for the first interview. Two cases were lost for the second interview. Altogether twenty-seven patients completed the study. Data from the two interviews were compared. The regional ethical review board approved the study.

Main Results

The median patient age was 4 years old (range 2–16) at the time of the first interview and 7 years old (range 5–19) at the time of the second interview . There were 23 males and 4 females in the study group. The median age at laparoscopic-assisted pull-through was 104 days old (range 29 days–8 years). In the first interview 11 patients reported constipation, 18 patients reported soiling more frequently than once per week when they had loose stools and 16 patients when they had solid stools. Laxatives or irrigations were used by 13 of the patients. In the second interview 4 patients reported constipation, 16 patients reported soiling when they had loose stools and 15 patients reported soiling when they had solid stools. Eight patients used laxatives or irrigations. The decrease in constipation was statistically significant (p = 0,023).

Conclusions

Our study shows a statistically significant reduction of constipation over time. There is a high risk of incontinence after laparoscopic-assisted pull-through, with few signs of short-term improvement.     

卒中后合并脑心综合征患者的便秘症状评分的调查

目的：调查卒中后合并脑心综合征（CCS）患者的便秘症状评分现况。方法：39例卒中后合并CCS患者（卒中＋CCS组）接受了“便秘症状及疗效评估问卷”评估,并与54例同期住院未合并CCS脑卒中患者（卒中对照组）比较。结果：卒中＋CCS组住院期间功能性便秘（CIC）发生率明显高于卒中对照组（64．10％比24．07％,P〈0．01）,同时卒中＋CCS组的便秘症状总分及各分项评分均明显高于卒中对照组[总分：（14．47±4．61）分比（10．25±3．17）分,P〈0．01）]。结论：卒中后合并脑心综合征患者常常患有功能性便秘,且便秘症状评分严重,后者也可能是脑心综合征发病诱因之一。     

Favorable surgical treatment outcomes for chronic constipation with features of colonic pseudo-obstruction

AIM: To determine long-term outcomes of surgical treatments for patients with constipation and features of colonic pseudo-obstruction.METHODS: Consecutive 42 patients who underwent surgery for chronic constipation within the last 13 years were prospectively collected. We identified a subgroup with colonic pseudo-obstruction (CPO) features, with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone, in contrast to typical slow-transit constipation (STC), without any dilated colonic segments. The outcomes of surgical treatments for chronic constipation with features of CPO were analyzed and compared with outcomes for STC.RESULTS: Of the 42 patients who underwent surgery for constipation, 33 patients had CPO with dilatation of the colon proximal to the narrowed transitional zone. There were 16 males and 17 females with a mean age of 51.2 ± 16.1 years. All had symptoms of chronic intestinal obstruction, including abdominal distension, pain, nausea, or vomiting, and the mean duration of symptoms was 67 mo (range: 6-252 mo). Preoperative defecation frequency was 1.5 ± 0.6 times/wk (range: 1-2 times/wk). Thirty-two patients underwent total colectomy, and one patient underwent diverting transverse colostomy. There was no surgery-related mortality. Postoperative histologic examination showed hypoganglionosis or agangliosis in 23 patients and hypoganglionosis combined with visceral neuropathy or myopathy in 10 patients. In contrast, histology of STC group revealed intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (n = 6) and visceral myopathy (n = 3). Early postoperative complications developed in six patients with CPO; wound infection (n = 3), paralytic ileus (n = 2), and intraabdominal abscess (n = 1). Defecation frequencies 3 mo after surgery improved to 4.2 ± 3.2 times/d (range: 1-15 times/d). Long-term follow-up (median: 39.7 mo) was available in 32 patients; all patients had improvements in constipation symptoms, but two patients needed intermittent medication for management of diarrhea. All 32 patients had distinct improvements in constipation symptoms (with a mean bowel frequency of 3.3 ± 1.3 times/d), social activities, and body mass index (20.5 kg/m² to 22.1 kg/m²) and were satisfied with the results of their surgical treatment. In comparison with nine patients who underwent colectomy for STC without colon dilatation, those in the CPO group had a lower incidence of small bowel obstructions (0% vs 55.6%, P < 0.01) and less difficulty with long-distance travel (6.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.007) on long-term follow-up.CONCLUSION: Chronic constipation patients with features of CPO caused by narrowed transitional zone in the left colon had favorable outcomes after total colectomy.     

脾虚型复发口疮伴便秘患者肠道菌群的变化

目的研究脾虚型复发口疮伴便秘患者肠道菌群的特征。方法选择肠道菌群中具有代表性的细菌共8种进行培养和计数．选择30例正常人为健康对照组,30例为脾虚型复发口疮便秘组,取当日首次定量大便作活性菌培养,检测两组相同菌种进行比较。结果脾虚型复发口疮患者便秘组的类杆菌、双岐杆菌、优杆菌、乳杆菌比对照组要显著减少（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,而消化链球菌、梭菌、葡萄球菌、肠杆菌则要比对照组显著增多（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,但肠球菌和酵母样菌在两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论脾虚型复发口疮患者便秘与肠道菌群失调有关。     

小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的临床观察

为探索小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的有效性,将耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的患者70例分为研究组（37例）和对照组（33例）。研究组采用小针刀结合生物反馈疗法治疗,对照组采用单纯生物反馈疗法治疗,疗程均为20d。结果显示,研究组疗效（总有效率91．9％）显著优于对照组（总有效率66．7％）。结果表明,小针刀结合生物反馈疗法是治疗耻骨直肠肌综合征所致便秘的有效方法。