功能性便秘肛门直肠动力学和敏感性研究

目的：探讨功能性便秘（FC）患者肛门直肠动力学和直肠感觉特征。方法：采用肛门直肠测压方法检测44例FC患者的肛门直肠静息压、缩榨压、直肠初始感觉阈值、排便感觉阈值、窘迫感觉阈值和最大耐受容量指标,并与14例健康人做对照。结果：FC患者肛门静息压、最大缩榨压均较对照组明显降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;但FC患者的初始感觉阈值、排便阈值、窘迫阈值和最大耐受容量均高于对照组（P〈0.05）。模拟排便时,FC组31.82%的患者在直肠收缩时伴有肛管括约肌的矛盾收缩。结论：功能性便秘患者存在肛门直肠动力和感觉异常,可能与FC发病相关。     

腹腔镜辅助手术治疗成人乙状结肠冗长症

目的总结腹腔镜辅助手术治疗成人乙状结肠冗长症的临床经验。方法对18例乙状结肠冗长症患者实施腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠切除术的临床资料进行了回顾性分析总结。结果术前经钡剂灌肠造影检查获得确诊,均成功地实施了腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠切除术。术后恢复顺利,无手术并发症。随防1～4年,疗效满意,无长期腹泻者,无便秘复发、肠梗阻复发等远期并发症。结论腹腔镜辅助乙状结肠切除术具有微创外科特点,是一种可选择的治疗成人乙状结肠冗长症的有效措施。     

直肠前突与出口梗阻性便秘的关系

目的探讨直肠前突与功能性出口梗阻性便秘的关系及临床意义。方法回顾性分析417例功能性出口梗阻性便秘患者的临床和动态排粪造影资料。对直肠前突病例的力排过程进行动态回放,并分析其表现。结果①310例有直肠前突。392例有直肠内脱垂,353例有会阴下降,69例有盆底痉挛或耻直肌肥厚。95．20％（397／417）的病例至少存在两种异常,无单发直肠前突病例。男女患者间比较,直肠前突、会阴下降、盆底痉挛或耻直肌肥厚的发生率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,但直肠内脱垂的发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②直肠前突病例力排过程动态回放：直肠内钡剂排空或接近排空、直肠远端增粗粘膜堆积226例,占72．90％;直肠内钡剂不排或呈滴状排出、远端粘膜脱入肛管和（或）盆底痉挛或耻直肌肥厚71例,占22．90％;前突囊袋缩小不明显、囊袋后方直肠内脱垂13例,占4．20％。结论直肠前突不是引起便秘的主要原因,明确直肠前突与功能性出口梗阻性便秘的关系对临床制定治疗方案有指导意义。     

肛肠病术后便秘的防治

首先探讨了肛肠病术后防治便秘对预防术后并发症,促进伤口愈合以及预防复发方面的重要性。其次,阐明了肛肠术后因疼痛、恐惧排便;治疗不当;余毒未消等形成便秘的机理。最后,总结了治疗肛肠病术后便秘的防治方法:防治结合,以防为主;辨证施治,分清虚实;通便有度,以防伤正;及养成良好的饮食与排便习惯。对肛肠病术后防治便秘有重要指导意义。     

超声排粪造影在盆底失弛缓便秘诊断中的价值

目的在前期建立的超声排粪造影基础上,以肛管直肠测压（ARM）为标准以此确定超声排粪造影（EDF）在盆底失弛缓疾病（Anismus）上的临床分度,并分析盆底失弛缓便秘患者临床症状与临床分度之间的相关性。 方法收集2018年12月至2021年12月于南京中医药大学第二附属医院肛肠诊疗中心就诊的97例盆底失弛缓便秘患者,在获得患者知情同意下对97例患者都进行肛管直肠测压（ARM）、慢性便秘严重程度评分量表（CSS）及超声排粪造影检查（EDF）。首先,将肛管直肠测压诊断为反常收缩病人进行CSS量表评分,再进行超声排粪造影,将CSS量表评分结果及EDF所测得数值进行线性回归,得到线性回归方程,计算出盆底失弛缓在超声排粪造影上的临床分度。在此基础上,再将EDF临床分度与其患者便秘症状进行Logistic回归分析研究,探索在EDF下盆底失弛缓患者临床分度与临床症状的相关性。 结果线性回归分析得出回归方程：y=0.586x-1.191（P＜0.05）,计算出EDF的盆底失弛缓分度为：轻度1°＜ɑ≤5°,中度5°＜ɑ≤10°,重度10°＜ɑ≤16°;Logistic回归分析结果：盆底失弛缓患者的EDF临床分度与患者是否自主排便、排便次数、肛门坠胀、腹（胀）痛无明显相关性（P＞0.05）;而与排便费力、排便梗阻感、排便不尽感有较强的相关性（P＜0.05）。 结论盆底失弛缓患者EDF临床分度与临床症状如排便不尽感、排便梗阻感、排便费力密切相关,提示EDF是诊断盆底失弛缓的有效手段;下一步需要通过多中心研究扩大样本量,进一步确定其价值。     

Second-generation antipsychotics and constipation: A review of the literature

Antipsychotics are the cornerstone in the management of psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. They are effective agents but also have a wide range of side effects. In the recent literature constipation as possible side effect has received little attention. A review of the literature concerning constipation associated with antipsychotics was performed. Overall constipation is a rarely studied or reported side effect of antipsychotic medication. Nevertheless constipation is a common side effect. Antipsychotic agents differ in their liability to induce constipation. Constipation can be severe and can lead to serious consequences such as paralytic ileus, bowel occlusion and death. Active screening, monitoring and treatment are recommended. Further research on incidence, prevalence, underlying mechanisms and preventive measures is required.     

脑卒中卧床病人便秘的护理研究

便秘是脑卒中卧床病人常见的并发症,不仅给病人带来痛苦,同时对脑血管疾病本身的康复也会产生不利影响。本文从多方面总结和研究其预防及护理措施,提出防治脑卒中卧床病人便秘的新的研究方向。     

Cancer chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea and constipation: mechanisms of damage and prevention strategies

Background Diarrhoea and constipation are common toxicities of chemotherapy, and both are poorly understood. They are manifestations of alimentary mucositis, a condition which affects the entire gastrointestinal tract.Discussion The absolute percentage of patients that have diarrhoea or constipation as a result of their treatment has yet to be fully defined, although general estimates place 10% of patients with advanced cancer as being afflicted. Although there has been some major progress in recent years with understanding the mechanisms of oral and small intestinal mucositis, diarrhoea and constipation have received very little attention. Although diarrhoea is a well-recognised side-effect of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, very little research has been conducted on the mechanisms behind diarrhoea or its treatment. Much of the information in the published literature is based on clinical observations with very little basic science existing. Constipation is not as well recognised and very little is known about its mechanisms.Objectives This review will examine in detail the potentially complex pathogenesis of post-chemotherapy diarrhoea in both animal models and the clinical setting. Furthermore, it will explore what is known about chemotherapy-induced constipation. It will then outline an evidence-based pathway for the investigation and treatment of post-chemotherapy diarrhoea and constipation.