护士对便秘知识的认知程度调查与分析

目的了解护士对便秘的认知程度，为医生的诊断和治疗提供第一手资料。方法选择本院128名临床护士进行问卷调查，采用百分率殛矿检验进行统计学处理。结果临床护士对便秘的认知程度与所在科室无关，与学历、职称、护龄有密切关系。结论重视低学历、低职称临床护士的培养，充分发挥中级职称护士的指导作用，不断提高理论水平，能有效地指导护理工作。     

中医理论与常规护理结合在糖尿病便秘治疗中的效果

目的了解中医理论与常规护理结合在中医治疗糖尿病便秘中的效果。方法在我院门诊就诊或住院经中医治疗的糖尿病便秘患者93例按就诊及住院顺序随机分为对照组（42例）和观察组（51例）。对照组给予常规护理,观察组把中医理论与常规护理相结合进行有目的、针对性的护理,对2组的治疗效果进行对比观察。结果2组治疗后便秘均有不同程度的改善,2组每周排便次数比较,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。2组球形状干便、条形状干便、先干后稀便治疗前后有明显改善。结论对糖尿病便秘患者采取中医理论与常规护理相结合进行有目的、针对性的护理,改善便秘效果显著。     

老年功能性便秘与脂质过氧化的关系

检测60例老年功能性便秘患者和48例健康老年对照者血浆过氧化脂质(P—LPO)、红细胞过氧化脂质(E—LPO)含量的结果表明,患者组的P—LPO、E—LPO平均含量皆显著高于对照组(P<0.005～0.001),患者排便周期与P—LPO、E—LPO含量之间均呈直线正相关(r=0.697,P<0.001;r=0.780,P<0.001)。提示老年功能性便秘患者体内的脂质过氧化反应呈现病理性加剧。     

Rectocele is associated with paradoxical anal sphincter reaction

Rectocele is a frequent finding in constipated patients. However, constipation is not always relieved by rectocele repair, which may be due to other overlooked reasons for constipation. The study was designed to investigate patients with rectocele, in order to elucidate concomitant colorectal disorders and their association with rectocele. One hundred and twelve female patients suffering from severe constipation and rectal emptying difficulties were investigated using defecography, electrophysiology, anorectal manometry and colon transit time. Fifty-six patients with rectocele demonstrated by defecography were compared with 56 patients without rectocele, but with other abnormal findings at defecography. The frequency of paradoxical anal sphincter reaction (PSR) was higher in patients with rectocele (60%) than in patients without rectocele (24%). The present study supports an association between rectocele and PSR. We suggest that constipated patients with a rectocele should be investigated thoroughly before rectocele repair is considered. Further studies on the effect of biofeedback training in patients with rectocele and PSR are indicated. Accepted: 15 August 1997     

Which physiologic tests are useful in patients with constipation?

PURPOSE: Physiologic tests such as manometry, colonic transit times, balloon compliance, defecography, pudendal nerve latency, and electromyography are used to evaluate patients with severe constipation. Patients referred because of severe constipation between 1991 and 1996 were studied to examine the role that physiologic testing played in making a diagnosis and directing treatment. METHODS: Of 139 patients referred for severe idiopathic constipation, physiologic testing was recommended in 127, and 104 patients underwent the studies. The pretesting impression was noted, and test results were evaluated to determine diagnostic accuracy. If a specific initial impression was documented, tests were classified as refuting it, confirming it or confirming and adding significant information. If there was no clear pretest impression, tests were evaluated for their ability to indicate a diagnosis. The patient's history also was evaluated to determine what information was most useful in making a diagnosis. Historical features including duration of constipation, symptoms consistent with outlet obstruction or dysmotility, age, associated urinary incontinence, and prior hysterectomy were analyzed. Data were collected prospectively, then reviewed by an independent observer. RESULTS: Ninety-eight study patients remained after 29 were excluded who did not undergo the recommended studies (19) or because no initial impression was documented (10). In 43 patients (44 percent), testing did not provide additional useful information. In 8 patients, testing confirmed the initial impression and added information impacting the treatment plan. Test results clearly refuted the initial impression in only one patient. In 46 (47 percent) patients the initial impression was uncertain, and in 43 (94 percent) of these, testing aided in making the diagnosis. In three cases, the diagnosis remained uncertain after testing. Prior hysterectomy (P=0.003), urinary incontinence (P<0.001), and symptoms of pelvic outlet obstruction (P=0.03) were associated with a high incidence of rectocele. Defecography and transit times were the most useful tests. Surprisingly, symptoms of outlet obstruction or dysmotility did not show an overall correlation with transit times. CONCLUSIONS: In one-half of these patients with severe constipation, physiologic testing added significant information, leading to a specific diagnosis. Pretesting history and symptoms did not predict which patients were most likely to benefit from these studies.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 22 to 26, 1997.     

小麦纤维素颗粒治疗妊娠期便秘的多中心临床研究

目的 研究小麦纤维素颗粒(商品名:非比麸)用于妊娠期便秘的疗效和安全性.方法 采用多中心、前瞻性自身对照研究的方法 ,在国内4家医院按入选标准选择140例妊娠期便秘患者.口服小麦纤维素颗粒3.5 g/次,2次/d,治疗2周,观察服药前后便秘症状及大便性状情况,并进行量化评分,比较疗效与不良反应.结果 小麦纤维素颗粒治疗后排便困难显著减轻,大便性状显著改善,用药7 d与14 d有效率分别达到90.0%和93.6%,用药前后对比临床排便症状差异有统计学意义,服药期间未发现明显不良反应.结论 小麦纤维素颗粒治疗功能性便秘疗效确切,安全有效.     

天枢、上巨虚穴位注射维生素B_1预防老年骨折术后便秘的研究及护理

目的：探讨天枢、上巨虚穴位注射维生素B1对预防骨科患者便秘的效果。方法：将72例患者随机分成两组,每组36例,通过对照实验,观察在天枢、上巨虚穴位注射维生素B1对预防骨科患者便秘的效果。结果：在对骨伤科患者的常规护理基础上,结合天枢、上巨虚穴位注射维生素B1,能很好地促进患者排便、取得良好的效果,手术后治疗组总有效率为97.2%,而对照组为77.8%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：术后早期结合在天枢、上巨虚穴位注射维生素B1能有效预防骨科患者术后便秘。     

预见性护理对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血便秘的影响

目的探讨预见性护理干预对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的影响。方法随机分组,实验组针对便秘发生原因采取特异性预见性护理干预措施,对照组采取神经内科护理常规。然后对两组便秘及便秘相关症状、再出血发生率进行比较。结果实验组患者便秘及便秘相关症状、再出血发生率比对照组明显减少,差异具有统计学意义。结论预见性护理干预不但可以减少蛛网膜下腔出血患者便秘的发生率,还能提高抢救成功率。     

美常安联合乳果糖在肛门疾病术后防治便秘的疗效观察

目的评价美常安联合乳果糖在肛门疾病术后防治便秘的应用效果。方法收集病例共120例,随机分成三组,每组各40例,分别于术后第1日给予美常安联合乳果糖、乳果糖及番泻叶三种方法治疗;通过对患者的排便时间、不良反应、排便出血及排便疼痛4个方面观察,比较三种方法的应用效果。结果美常安联合乳果糖组同其他两组相比具有明显的优越性,具有统计学差异。结论美常安联合乳果糖能有效地防治肛门疾病术后的便秘,副作用少,患者所受的痛苦少。     

综合护理干预对慢性便秘的效果分析

目的探讨综合护理干预对慢性便秘患者的效果。方法将160例慢性便秘患者随机分为实验组80例,对照组80例。对照组给予常规饮食,药物治疗。实验组除按对照组治疗外,给予综合护理干预。结果实验组进行护理干预后,疗效明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论护理干预能有效改善便秘症状,提高疗效和自我保健能力,促进疾病康复。