乳房局部推拿对产后泌乳的影响

目的:探讨推拿促进产妇泌乳的有效性,拟定促进产妇产后泌乳的有效推拿手法。方法:以84例足月初产妇为研究对象,随机分为推拿组(58例)和对照组(26例),推拿组以乳房局部推拿为主,配合经穴推拿;对照组予母婴同室常规护理。观察推拿对产妇始乳时间、产妇泌乳量、血清泌乳素等指标的影响,并与正常未推拿产妇进行比较对照。结果:推拿组产妇的泌乳量积分在治疗1次后、2次后、3次后分别为1.660±0.785、2.530±1.030、2.880±1.171,而对照组在相应时间段则分别为1.270±0.533、1.460±0.811、1.500±0.583,推拿组泌乳量积分高于对照组(均P<0.01);两组始乳时间分别为(21.6±10.51)h和(22.5±9.76)h,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);推拿组治疗前血清泌乳素为(314.35±110.37)ng/mL,治疗后上升为(321.56±109.61)ng/mL,而对照组血清泌乳素前后分别为(385.78±85.19)ng/mL和(340.12±103.10)ng/mL,但两组前后比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:产后乳房推拿能明显增加产妇的泌乳量,能延缓血清泌乳素下降水平,有利于产妇早泌乳、多泌乳。     

Breast feeding practices among families of armed forces personnel in a large cantonment

Background: There seems to be a gap in the available literature and scientific knowledge about breast-feeding practices among families of armed forces personnel in our country, which needs to be studied.     

Concentrations of thiopentone in mature breast milk and colostrum following an induction dose

In two groups of eight patients, concentrations of thiopentone in mature breast milk and colostrum following anaesthesia induction with 5.4 and 5.0 mg kg-1 b.w. (mean), respectively, were measured in the first 36 h postoperatively. Blood concentrations were measured simultaneously. The maximal concentrations were: in mature breast milk, 3.4 +/- 0.68 mumol l-1 (mean +/- s.e. mean) (0.090 mg 100 ml-1), and in colostrum, 1.3 +/- 0.5 mumol l-1 (0.034 mg 100 ml-1). The milk/plasma ratio was less than 1.0 in both groups. The above concentrations may be regarded as negligible and therefore non-toxic for the nursing infant.     

人乳乳铁蛋白含量

乳铁蛋白(简称LF)是一种具有很强结合铁能力的蛋白,存在于胰、肠、气管等分泌液中,各种动物乳均含有LF,人初乳中尤为丰富。本文检测161例人乳LF的动态变化。结果表明:初乳中LF平均含量为6140±1339μg/ml;成熟乳平均含量为2309.5±194.2μg/m1。随授乳期的延长,LF逐渐降低,但仍较牛乳为高。母乳中LF具有良好的抑菌作用,对预防婴儿消化道疾病有重要意义。母乳并能调节铁的代谢,不因需要热处理而破坏,母乳是婴儿最好的食品。     

术后镇痛对初乳sIgA的影响

目的：探讨剖宫产及剖宫产术后硬膜外镇痛对母体初乳中分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）含量的影响。方法：顺产（NL）、剖宫产（CS）及剖宫产术后使用镇痛（CS-A）的初产妇各10例，记录分娩后首次产生初乳的时间，测定首次初乳和随后24h、48h初乳中sIgA含量。结果：产生首次初乳的时间顺序为CS组〉CS-A组〉NL组（P〈0．05）；初乳中sIgA值：首次初乳NL组〉CS-A组〉CS组（P〈0．05）；初乳24hCS组〈NL组、CS-A组（P〈0．05）；初乳48h三组含量无差异（P〉0．05）。结论：剖宫产延迟初产妇的初乳产生、减少初乳中sIgA含量，术后使用镇痛可改善这种影响。     

Gap between awareness and practices regarding maternal and child health among women in an urban slum community

Objective  To investigate the knowledge of ever-married women regarding maternal and child health and to assess existing gap between awareness and practice levels of lactating mothers. Methods  Community based cross sectional study with 283 ever-married women in the reproductive age. Results  Low levels of awareness and practice of TT immunization (74.2% awareness, 58.1% practice), five-cleans (31.9% awareness and 14.4% practice), trained birth attendant (69.6% awareness 39.1% practice), and post-natal care (75.4% awareness and 51.0% practice) among lactating mothers. Knowledge regarding optimal infant and young child feeding practices was very poor: initiation of breast-feeding within six hours (17.4%), colostrum feeding (34.8%), exclusive breastfeeding (5.8%) and significant gaps between knowledge and practice were observed. Highly significant difference (P<0.001) between proportions of women aware of ICDS (59.4%) and of beneficiaries (21.7%). High levels of awareness regarding reproductive health parameters except for contraception: desire for two children (81.6%), legal ages at marriages for girls (84.5%), desired birth interval of three or more years (71.7%). Conclusion  Wide gaps exist between awareness and practices related with MCH due to non-adoption of knowledge into actual practice, except some selected components lacking in both knowledge as well as practice. Need for bridging the existing gaps avoiding socio-cultural barriers and misconceptions prevailing in the community and by promoting and protecting healthy MCH care practices.     

不同生产方式产妇血清、初乳及其脐血血气分析研究

目的：探讨不同生产方式产妇血清、初乳及其脐血血气分析变化规律。方法：选取2009年10月～2010年1月于本院进行生产的100例产妇为研究对象,将其根据生产方式分为A组（顺产组）50例和B组（剖宫产组）50例,后将两组产妇的血清泌乳素、促胃液素、血清钾、醛固酮、皮质醇及初乳IgA、IgG、IgM、C3、C4及脐静脉血及脐动脉血pH、PCO2、PO2、HCO3-水平进行研究及比较。结果：经研究比较发现,两组产妇血清泌乳素、促胃液素、血清钾、醛固酮、皮质醇及初乳IgA、IgG、IgM、C3、C4水平差异较大,P均〈0.05,差异有统计学意义,而静脉血及脐动脉血pH水平差异较小,P均〉0.05,差异无统计学意义,PCO2、PO2、HCO3-比较,P均〈0.05。结论：剖宫产对母乳质量及产妇血清多项因子有较大的影响,但是对脐静脉血及脐动脉血影响与顺产无显著差异,应引起重视。     

牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：根据免疫毒理学方法原理,用二硝基氟苯诱导小鼠迟发性变态反应（DTH）：测定小鼠血清溶血（HC50）;进行小鼠碳廓清试验（MMI）。结果：每天补充牛初乳提取物250mg/kg体重时,20天后能明显增强小鼠细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能和单核--巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结论：牛初乳提取物对小鼠免疫功能有增强作用。