不同分娩方式产妇血清、初乳及胎儿脐血指标研究

目的研究不同分娩方式对产妇血清、初乳及胎儿脐带血各项指标的影响。方法顺产组和剖宫产组各65例,比较两组产妇血清、初乳及胎儿脐带血指标。结果顺产组血清PRL、T3、T4水平均显著高于剖宫产组（P〈0．01）。顺产组产后产初乳时间显著早于剖宫产组（P〈0．01）,顺产组初乳中slgA的水平显著高于剖宫产组（P〈0．05）,IGF-1水平显著低于剖宫产组（P〈0．01）,两组EGF水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组脐带血PO：差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组pH、PCO2、HC03-之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论剖宫产对产妇乳汁分泌、初乳生长因子、抗体及新生儿的影响较大。     

噪声对胎儿发育及初乳免疫成份的影响

运用生殖职业流行病学方法，调查和分析了４０名接触９０－１１０ｄＢ纺织噪声女工妊娠和初乳免疫成份。结果显示：接触噪声女工的低体重儿检出率为１７．５％；其初乳中免疫球蛋白和乳铁蛋白（ＲＦ）分别为：ｌｇＧ＝９７．６７ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｌｇＭ＝１３４．９５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳｌｇＡ＝０．９７４ｇ／Ｌ，ＲＦ＝１２０．７７μｇ／Ｌ，与对照组相比差异有显著意义。我们认为接触高强度的纺织噪声对妇女的妊娠结局以及子代抗病能力均有较     

初乳中活性营养成分分析

利用免疫学技术和生化分析手段，研究人初乳中大分子活性物质和小分子营养物质。结果提示：（1）人初乳中SlgA含量很高，达10mg／ml；（2）人初乳中含有两类生长因子成份，一类对颈基乙醇稳定，一类对流基乙醇不稳定，而人成乳和牛初乳只具备一种类型的生长因子；（3）人初乳中蛋白质氨基酸含量丰富，尤其富含八种必需氨基酸。维生素A、D、E及矿质元素Ca、P、Fe的含量均高于某些代乳品，且配比合理，营养评分较高。结果阐明人初乳对新生地具有保护和营养两方面功能。     

Genetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses following lactogenic transmission

Lactogenic transmission plays an important role in the biology of lentiviruses such as HIV and SIV or the small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). In this work we analyzed the characteristics of viruses that goats, naturally infected with two strains of SRLV, transmitted to their kids. The spectrum of viral genotypes transmitted was broader and the efficiency of transmission greater compared to their human and simian counterparts. The newly described A10 subgroup of SRLV was more efficiently transmitted than the B1 genotype. The analysis of a particular stretch of the envelope glycoprotein encompassing a potential neutralizing epitope revealed that, as in SIV, the transmitted viruses were positively charged in this region, but, in contrast to SIV, they tended to lack a glycosylation site that might protect against antibody neutralization. We conclude that the physiology of the ruminant neonatal intestine, which permits the adsorption of infected maternal cells, shaped the evolution of these particular lentiviruses that represent a valid model of lactogenic lentivirus transmission.     

Nutritional compounds influence tissue factor expression and inflammation of chronic kidney disease patients in vitro

Objective

Nutritional compounds that potentially limit inflammation and tissue factor expression may decrease the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated cardiovascular disease. This project aimed to determine the effect of curcumin, bovine colostrum, and fish oil on inflammatory cytokine and tissue factor procoagulant activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD before dialysis.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with CKD before dialysis (n = 13) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 12) were cultured alone and with low and high doses of the nutritional compounds for 24 h. Cells were cultured with and without lipopolysaccharide. Supernatants were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-1β, C-reactive protein, and tissue factor procoagulant activity.

Results

The production of C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6, and IL-1β by PBMCs was inhibited by low- and high-dose fish oil in the CKD group (P < 0.05). Curcumin decreased secretion of IL-6 (P = 0.015) and IL-1 β (P = 0.016). Curcumin was more effective than colostrum at decreasing the procoagulant activity of PBMCs in the CKD and control groups (P < 0.019).

Conclusion

Fish oil decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion from CKD PBMCs. In addition, the beneficial effects of curcumin were demonstrated in decreasing inflammation in vitro, often to a similar magnitude as fish oil.     

产后泌乳评价指标的探讨

对产妇产后泌乳的始动时间、血清泌乳素、泌乳量、子宫复旧程度、红外热像及乳汁成分等泌乳评价指标作了评述及总结。探讨目前临床研究中各项评价指标的优劣,以及实施的难易程度等。为改进产后泌乳的临床研究方法,量化、优化评价指标,以及今后深入多元化研究奠定基础。     

Probiotics and colostrum/milk differentially affect neonatal humoral immune responses to oral rotavirus vaccine

Breast milk (colostrum [col]/milk) components and gut commensals play important roles in neonatal immune maturation, establishment of gut homeostasis and immune responses to enteric pathogens and oral vaccines. We investigated the impact of colonization by probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (Bb12) with/without col/milk (mimicking breast/formula fed infants) on B lymphocyte responses to an attenuated (Att) human rotavirus (HRV) Wa strain vaccine in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. Col/milk did not affect probiotic colonization in AttHRV vaccinated pigs. However, unvaccinated pigs fed col/milk shed higher numbers of probiotic bacteria in feces than non-col/milk fed colonized controls. In AttHRV vaccinated pigs, col/milk feeding with probiotic treatment resulted in higher mean serum IgA HRV antibody titers and intestinal IgA antibody secreting cell (ASC) numbers compared to col/milk fed, non-colonized vaccinated pigs. In vaccinated pigs without col/milk, probiotic colonization did not affect IgA HRV antibody titers, but serum IgG HRV antibody titers and gut IgG ASC numbers were lower, suggesting that certain probiotics differentially impact HRV vaccine responses. Our findings suggest that col/milk components (soluble mediators) affect initial probiotic colonization, and together, they modulate neonatal antibody responses to oral AttHRV vaccine in complex ways.     

速泌通乳贴防治初产妇产后缺乳35例临床观察

目的：探讨速泌通乳贴对初产妇产后泌乳的影响,为临床产后缺乳提供有效方法.方法：以70例足月初产妇为研究对象,随机分为速泌通乳贴组（35例）和生乳灵组（35例）,以生乳灵组为对照,观察速泌通乳贴对初产妇泌乳量、泌乳始动时间及产后48 h血清泌乳素（PRL）3个指标的影响.结果：两组泌乳量积分随治疗时间的推移,呈上升趋势.两组泌乳量积分在治疗开始后第2天、第3天、第7天比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组泌乳始动时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.两组产后48 h血清PRL比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论：速泌通乳贴能明显增加初产妇的泌乳量,提前泌乳始动时间,提升产后48 h血清PRL,延缓乳汁分泌减少.     

Total and methyl-mercury in hair and milk of mothers living in the city of Porto Velho and in villages along the Rio Madeira,Amazon, Brazil

High fish consumption and extended breastfeeding are hallmarks of traditional lifestyle in Western Amazonia. We studied sources of mercury exposure, fish-methylmercury (meHg) and dental-amalgam filling, in 75 urban and 82 rural lactating mothers. Total mercury was determined in all samples while meHg concentrations were determined in subsamples of milk (45) and hair (27) of urban mothers living in Porto Velho (PV) and in hair (46) and milk (37) of mothers living in traditional communities (TC) of the Rio Madeira. The TC mothers showed significantly higher median hair-Hg concentrations (8.2 μg g⁻¹) than PV mothers (1.3  μg g⁻¹). Median total Hg in milk of PV mothers (0.36 ng g⁻¹) was significantly lower (p = 0.0000) than that found in milk of TC mothers (2.30 ng g⁻¹). The median meHg concentrations in milk of TC mothers were also significantly higher (1.0 ng g⁻¹) than in milk of PV mothers (0.07 ng g⁻¹). For urban mothers with low fish consumption rates (and relatively higher dental amalgam fillings) the proportion of inorganic Hg in milk was higher (85%) than in TC (62%). In TC mothers 51% of breast milk Hg concentrations were above 2 ng g⁻¹ (world median concentrations), contrasting with 8% in PV mothers. Despite this, there was no significant correlation between total Hg concentrations in milk and either amalgam filling or daily fish consumption. Socioeconomic changes occurring in Western Amazonia are causing changes in fish-eating habits of urban mothers. However, traditional lifestyle and attendant high fish consumption in riverine populations can still impact total Hg and methylmercury concentrations in mothers’ milk and hair.     

初乳素的免疫调节作用

用迟发性变态反应,血清溶血素测定,碳廓清试验及脏／体比值评价了佳丽牌初乳素胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响,初乳素胶囊以50,100和300mg/kg.bw连续给样30d,结果显示,具有促进小鼠溶血素的形成,增强小鼠DTH及碳廓清的能力,因此,认为佳丽牌初乳素胶囊具有免疫调节作用。