医院建筑的电气节能设计探讨

阐述了节能建筑的特点,分析了建筑节能设计规程及标准的特点,并结合中国的资源状况和北京的能耗现状,论述了医院建筑电气专业的具体设计做法。     

TCD观察动脉瘤性SAH后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变。方法经CT、DSA证实为动脉瘤性SAH患者179例,床旁经颅超声多谱勒(TCD)在术前、术后1~3d、5~7d、9~11d、12~14d记录并分析大脑中动脉(M CA)的血流参数及频谱改变。结果M CA平均血流速度(Vm)于SAH后1~3d开始升高,5~7d、9~11d达到高峰;L I(血管痉挛指数)为3~6时预后良好;>6时可以出现神经系统功能损害,颅内压增高且有脑血管痉挛(CV S)者预后较差。结论TCD能无创、实时评价SAH后CV S的动态变化,可以推断SAH后CV S的严重程度及临床转归。     

Torsades de pointes after intracoronary papaverine

Coronary blood flow velocity and coronary flow reserve can be assessed in humans using a coronary Doppler catheter and the vasodilator papaverine. Although it is a safe, elegant and reproducible technique, serious complications can occur. Coronary flow reserve assessment in a 49-year-old man with a critical stenosis in the proximal part of the circumflex artery was complicated by a papaverine-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Several features of the present case report support papaverine-induced disturbances of the repolarization phase as the pathophysiological mechanism: a 'torsade de pointes' pattern of the tachycardia, the lengthening of the QT-interval, the appearance of a new U-wave and the presence of additional risk factors (hypokalaemia and alcalosis). Patients presenting additional risk factors for this complication should be excluded from coronary flow reserve assessment.     

下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨下肢深静脉瓣功能不全的二维及彩色多普勒超声声像图改变。方法 应用二维及彩色多普勒超声检查下肢深静脉瓣功能不全36例，47条腿，观察下肢静脉血管及瓣膜的解剖结构和血流动力学改变。结果 有静脉瓣功能不全的患肢静脉管腔内径均有不同程度增宽，瓣膜均有不同程度的改变，脉冲多普勒显示返流频谱返流时间大于0.5s。结论 该检查对诊断下肢深静脉瓣功能不全有较高的实用价值。     

老年人与青年人皮肤血流量比较研究

目的 判定增龄对皮肤血流量的影响。方法 用PIM2-LDPI检测皮肤血流量。结果 老年组前额、左手指背、命门穴部位皮肤血流量分别为:(1.94±0.86)V,(1.92±0.52)V和(0.71±0.19)V,与青年组比较差异无显著性。但是,老年男性在命门穴的皮肤血流量明显高于青年男性(P<0.05),老年女性前额的皮肤血流量明显降低(P<0.01)。男性比女性的皮肤血流量高。结论 皮肤血流量的差异无年龄相关性,男性组的皮肤血流量比女性组高。     

二维彩色多普勒显像在下肢静脉血栓诊断中的应用

目的:探讨二维(2-DE)彩色多普勒显像(CDF1)在下肢静脉血栓中的诊断及治疗效果观察中的应用价值。方法:应用ACUSON-128XP10及GE-VIVID7超声仪对来自于血管外科73例98人次(111条)下肢静脉血栓病人进行检查。结果:下肢深静脉完全阻塞57例(62条),部分阻塞3例(4条),少部分再通(<50％)18人次(23条),大部分再通(75％)15人次(17条),完全再通2人次(2条),其中再通人次包含治疗后复查的部分二次及三次复检者及来诊时即为部分再通者。另外,有3例(3条)合并大隐静脉曲张及血栓形成。结论:二维彩色多普勒显像对下肢静脉血栓的阻塞程度、范围及治疗后再通情况可做出较为肯定的诊断,对指导下肢静脉血栓的治疗及预后判断具有重要价值。     

彩超引导介入治疗腘窝囊肿23例

目的探讨彩超引导下腘窝囊肿介入治疗的价值。方法在彩超引导下穿刺囊肿并抽尽囊液，生理盐水反复冲洗囊腔后注入无水乙醇，5min后抽出，反复2～3次。结果23例中22例穿刺一次治愈，1例穿刺2次治愈。23例随访6个月，无复发。结论彩超引导下介入治疗腘窝囊肿操作简便，创伤轻微，安全可靠，效果显著，可重复操作。     

彩超、增强磁共振动脉造影对颅外颈动脉狭窄的术前评估

目的 评价彩超、增强磁共振动脉造影(CEMRA)对颅外颈动脉狭窄的术前评估价值。方法 回顾分析了93例因颅外颈动脉狭窄而接受介入治疗患者的术前彩超、CEMRA检查结果。结果 超声检查可判断狭窄性质和狭窄程度，CEMRA能显示颈动脉全程，显示多发狭窄。但两者对狭窄程度都有过高评估的倾向，对斑块溃疡难以显示。结论 就目前彩超和磁共振机器的性能，尚无法替代DSA检查。必须有机地结合彩超、CEMRA和DSA检查，以多侧面、全方位地了解狭窄的颈动脉，制定合理的治疗方案。     

Outcome in Children With Significantly Abnormal Cerebral Blood Flow Detected by Doppler Ultrasonography: Focus on the Survivors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Doppler waveform patterns of loss of diastolic flow, appearance of retrograde diastolic flow, or no detectable flow in the cerebral arteries suggest significantly abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF). A retrospective study was performed to show that significantly abnormal CBF alone, without clinical criteria, is not necessarily specific to brain death in the young pediatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven pediatric patients, from newborn to 4 years of age, were found to have significantly abnormal CBF, including 7 patients with loss of diastolic flow, 28 with retrograde diastolic flow, and 23 with no detectable cerebral flow on serial Doppler sonographic examinations. Their clinical data and sonographic results were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two patients died, a few of whom had only transient improvement of cerebral flow. All of the patients with no detectable cerebral flow expired. Five patients survived with or without sequelae. Their underlying conditions that caused increased intracranial pressure were treated by medical and/or surgical intervention, and diastolic reversal of CBF corrected within 1 day in all 5. CONCLUSIONS: Although no detectable flow is a lethal sign, pediatric patients with loss or reversal of diastolic flow may survive with prompt and effective treatment. Using Doppler ultrasound to diagnose cerebral circulatory arrest should be done with caution in pediatric patients.