Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the prostate: specific antigen utilizing two monoclonal antibodies

Summary PSA is an important tumor-marker for prostatic cancer disease. We developed a sensitive, simple and inexpensive Sandwich ELISA for PSA with two monoclonal antibodies. The precision and reliability of the assay are reflected in the low inter-and intraassay coefficient of variation. PSA was not detectable in sera from normal females (n=50). Sera from males with different serum levels of PSA (normal males, patients with prostate hypertrophy, prostate cancer patients, n=79) and 15 prostate cancer patients treated with Zoladex were measured by our ELISA and by a commercially available RIA. The correlation coefficient between these both testsystems was close to 1 (r=0.97).     

Comparisons of interval breast cancers with other breast cancers detected through mass screening and in outpatient clinics in Japan

In a nation-wide collaborative study on mass screening for breast cancer, we collected 152 cases of interval breast cancer diagnosed at 35 hospitals or clinics distributed throughout Japan. The definition of interval breast cancer used in the present study is "breast cancer cases which were diagnosed as having 'no malignant findings' in a previous screening for breast cancer but subsequently diagnosed as 'breast cancer' at a hospital or medical clinic within two years of the previous screening." The clinical stages and prognoses of these interval cancer were analyzed and compared with those of other breast cancers detected through mass screening and in outpatient clinics. In the clinical staging of interval breast cancer, Tis (non infiltrating cancer) accounted for only 2.1%, compared to 8.0% in cases detected through mass screening. At stage I 43.4% were interval breast cancers compared to 32.9% breast cancers detected through mass screening and 25.4% diagnosed in outpatient clinics. The stage differences between interval breast cancers and breast cancers detected through mass screening were not statistically significant. Five-year survival rates were 85.6% for interval breast cancers, 91.7% for breast cancers detected through mass screening and 84.7% for breast cancers diagnosed in outpatient clinics. Ten-year survival rates were 75.9, 80.5 and 78.1%, respectively, suggesting the interval breast cancer cases to show a similar prognosis to that of breast cancer cases diagnosed in outpatient clinics. The differences in five- and 10-year survival rates among the three groups were not statistically significant. From the present study we were not able to confirm the general belief of interval cancer being more aggressive in nature and showing a poorer prognosis than cancer detected through periodic screening. The reasons for this are discussed.     

Toxicity of lead acetate to female rabbits after chronic subcutaneous administration. 1. Biochemical and clinical effects

The effect of chronic subcutaneous administration of lead acetate was studied in female rabbits. The low-dose group (15 animals) received three times a week 0.10–0.20 g/kg body weight and the high-dose group (15 animals) 0.80–1.20 g/kg. The control group received the vehicle only. Concentrations of lead in blood in the low-dose group increased to ca. 400 g/l after 70 days and in the high-dose group to ca. 900 g/l after 110 days. After 7.5 months eight animals of each group were sacrificed. The remaining rabbits were kept for an additional 4 months without treatment. Blood lead concentrations decreased with a half-time of 60–70 days. During exposure the gain in body weight was lower in the high-dose group than in the control group and the low-dose group. The high-dose group developed slight anaemia and low MCV, MCH and MCHC, and basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. These effects disappeared during recovery. ALAD activity in erythrocytes was very low during exposure in both exposed groups and did not reach control values during recovery. During exposure the concentrations of ZPP and ALA-U increased, but only ALA-U returned to normal during recovery. No other effects of lead on the composition of the urine were observed. No effects were observed on plasma urea and creatinine concentrations. In the highdose group the concentration of ALAD in the liver decreased by 30%. During recovery this effect was no longer present. No effects were seen in cytochrome P-450 content or cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activities. Lead was mainly stored in bones, but some also in serveral soft tissues. After recovery the concentrations in soft tissues decreased to a variable degree. In the high-dose group the relative weights of heart and liver increased. These effects disappeared during recovery. At 400 g lead/l blood no adverse effects were observed that did occur at the high dose level.Part 2, dealing with the histopathology and (electron) microscopy of the kidneys is in preparation     

理血汤治疗慢性原发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床观察

目的 观察理血汤治疗慢性原发性血小板减少性紫癜（简称CITP）的临床疗效。方法 将CITP患随机分为理血汤治疗组（29例）和对照组（20例）。观察治疗前后外周血小板计数、血小板相关抗体、骨髓巨核细胞的变化。结果 治疗组和对照组的缓解率、显效率、总有效率分别为13.8%,24.1%.86.2%和5%,10%,60%。经统计学处理两组差异有非常显性（P＜0．01）,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。停药后1个月治疗组外周血血小板计数仍明显高于对照组。结论 理血汤治疗CITP有较好疗效,具有很好的开发应用前景。     

克肝胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床研究

目的：观察克肝胶囊治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效。方法：用克肝胶囊治疗６０例慢性乙型肝炎患并与干抗素组（６０例）进行对照。结果：中药克肝胶囊能明显改善临床症状,总有效率（９３．３３％）,明显优于干扰素组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。与治疗前比较,能显降低ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、γ－ＧＴ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,显升高ＡＬＢ、Ａ／Ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,与干扰素组比无显性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：克肝胶囊能明显改善慢性乙型肝炎的     

先天性肺发育不全3例报道及文献复习

目的探讨先天性肺发育不全的临床特征。方法用回顾性方法分析先天性肺发育不全3例并献复习。结果先天性肺发育不全的原因可能与遗传、胚胎早期病毒感染等因素有关。通过X线、纤维支气管镜、CT检查及外科手术可确诊。结论先天性肺发育不全是一种少见病,病人易继发肺部感染,因此对反复呼吸系统感染的青少年要注意本病的可能。     

《严重过敏反应急救指南》临床问题与结局指标的收集和确定

目的: 确定纳入《严重过敏反应急救指南》的临床问题与结局指标。方法: 由指南指导委员会7位临床医学、药学及护理学专家参考国际指南指导项目组起草、修订拟纳入指南的临床问题与结局指标初稿。临床问题分为背景问题与前景问题,其中背景问题在专家共识组共22位临床专家修订后直接纳入指南范围,前景问题与结局指标将通过三轮德尔菲法对共识组临床专家咨询形成终稿。研究在方法学家全程监督下完成,并通过分析积极系数、变异系数与分值频率等指标进行质量控制。结果: 问题征集初拟共纳入34个前景问题、6个背景问题及6个结局指标,背景问题经专家组修订后直接纳入指南。使用德尔菲法(Delphi method)对前景问题与结局指标的重要程度进行分级后,最终确定28个关键前景问题及6个结局指标纳入指南范围。其中,4个结局指标为关键性结局,其余2个为重要结局,纳入的28个关键前景问题分为严重过敏反应的诊断、救治准备、救治措施及救治后的管理四个部分,另有5个重要问题和1个次要问题此次未纳入指南,供指南修订或更新时参考或讨论。研究中专家响应的积极程度高,积极系数为100%;前景问题的共识程度高,4分及以上的问卷频率均≥0.75;结局指标中,病死率及疾病严重程度的共识程度高,变异系数≤15%。结论: 在全面严谨的信息收集基础上,以德尔菲法的方式确定了需要纳入《严重过敏反应急救指南》的临床问题与结局指标为该指南的后续制定工作奠定了基础。     

基层医院如何开展临床药学工作

临床药学是现代药学的重要组成部分,临床药学工作在各级医院开展极不平衡,特别是基层医院开展较差。本文论述了在基层医院应从人才的选择入手开展临床药学工作。     

Cyclin D1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

为探讨周期素D1(Cyclin D1)蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义,作者采用免疫组化LSAB法对110例乳腺癌标本进行了Cyclin D1蛋白的检测.结果显示:本组病例的Cyclin D1蛋白表达阳性率为74.55%(82/110);生存时间≤5年及≥10年者,其Cyclin D1蛋白表达阳性率分别为96.22%(51/53)和40.54%(15/37);Cyclin D1蛋白过度表达与乳腺癌的临床分期、组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移有关.由此揭示Cyclin D1蛋白的过度表达是判断乳腺癌患者预后的一项重要指标.     

参麦注射液对非小细胞肺癌化疗减毒作用的观察

进一步探讨参麦注射液对化疗的减毒作用。方法 :对肺癌患者 2 0 3例进行回顾性分析。结果 :化疗后 OKT1值参麦组略上升 ,对照组下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ;OKT4 / OKT8比值治疗后参麦组明显高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5)。参麦组 s IL - 2受体水平下降 ( P<0 .0 5) ,LAK细胞、NK细胞略上升( P<0 .0 5) ,对照组 s IL - 2受体水平下降不明显 ( P<0 .0 5) ,L AK细胞、NK细胞均下降 ( P <0 .0 5) ;化疗后参麦组外周血白细胞和血小板降低程度明显小于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ,全身体力状况也优于对照组。结论 :参麦液对化疗有一定的减毒作用 ,使化疗计划更易于完成。