唇腭裂患者口腔修复治疗的临床体会

目的：讨论固定桥修复、活动义齿修复、双重牙列修复这三种保守修复方法在唇腭裂患者口腔修复中的初步临床体会。方法：结合100例唇腭裂患者保守修复的治疗经验,讨论三种保守治疗方法的临床适应症和优缺点。结果：唇腭裂患者的保守修复治疗方法可以一定程度上恢复咀嚼功能和颌面外观,修复口鼻瘘,改善发音,同时获得心理康复等。结论：对于不能手术治疗的患者,在选择好适应症后,保守性修复治疗是一种简单、经济、实用的修复方法。     

Relationship between exercise-induced heart rate increase and the formation of microbubbles and high-intensity transient signals in mechanical heart valve implanted patients

Introduction

The formation and collapse of vapor-filled bubbles near a mechanical heart valve is called cavitation. Microbubbles can be detected in vivo by doppler ultrasonography (USG) as HITS (high intensity transient signals) in cranial circulation. We investigated the relationship between exercise induced heart rate increase and HITS formation in cranial circulation.

Material and methods

Thirty-nine mechanical heart valve implanted (8 aortic valve replacement (AVR) + mitral valve replacement (MVR), 9 AVR, 22 MVR) patients aged 18-80 years old were included in our study. Microbubbles were counted in the left ventricular cavity via transthoracic echocardiography at rest per cardiac cycle. Afterwards transcranial Doppler USG was performed and HITS were counted in each patient''s middle cerebral artery at 5 min duration. Subsequently an exercise test according to the Bruce protocol was performed. After achieving maximal heart rate, microbubbles in the left ventricle and HITS were counted again.

Results

Microbubbles in the left ventricle and transcranial HITS increased after exercise significantly compared to resting values (15.79 ±10.91 microbubbles/beat vs. 26.51 ±18.00 microbubbles/beat, p < 0.001; 6.13 ±8.07 HITS/5 min vs. 13.15 ±15.87 HITS/5 min, p = 0.001). There was a significant correlation between microbubbles and HITS counts after peak exercise (r = 0.55, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In our study, we found that the microbubbles were increasing as the heart rate increased and more HITS were propelled to the cerebral circulation. As previously shown, HITS can alter cognitive functions. Therefore heart rate control is essential in mechanical heart valve patients to protect neurocognitive functions.     

Effect of three decellularisation protocols on the mechanical behaviour and structural properties of sheep aortic valve conduits

PurposeTo determine the best method for decellularisation of aortic valve conduits (AVCs) that efficiently removes the cells while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM) by examining the valvular and conduit sections separately.Material/methodsSheep AVCs were decellularised by using three different protocols: detergent-based (1% SDS + 1% SDC), detergent and enzyme-based (Triton + EDTA + RNase and DNase), and enzyme-based (Trypsin + RNase and DNase) methods. The efficacy of the decellularisation methods to completely remove the cells while preserving the ECM was evaluated by histological evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydroxyproline analysis, tensile test, and DAPI staining.ResultsThe detergent-based method completely removed the cells and left the ECM and collagen content in the valve and conduit sections relatively well preserved. The detergent and enzyme-based protocol did not completely remove the cells, but left the collagen content in both sections well preserved. ECM deterioration was observed in the aortic valves (AVs), but the ultrastructure of the conduits was well preserved, with no media distortion. The enzyme-based protocol removed the cells relatively well; however, mild structural distortion and poor collagen content was observed in the AVs. Incomplete cell removal (better than that observed with the detergent and enzyme-based protocol), poor collagen preservation, and mild structural distortion were observed in conduits treated with the enzyme-based method.ConclusionsThe results suggested that the detergent-based methods are the most effective protocols for cell removal and ECM preservation of AVCs. The AVCs treated with this detergent-based method may be excellent scaffolds for recellularisation.     

肋软骨移植矫正唇腭裂鼻畸形的临床研究

目的：评估唇腭裂鼻畸形患者采用自体肋软骨移植矫正术后鼻部外形在术后两年间的变化。方法：选择19例随访资料完整的18~25岁唇腭裂鼻畸形患者,分别于手术前,手术后6、12、24个月时,标记鼻根点（n）,鼻尖点（prn）,鼻底点（sn）,鼻翼点（al）,颏顶点（gn）。以鼻根点到颏下点的连线（n-gn）为纵轴线,测量鼻根点到鼻尖点（n-prn）的角度变化。测量鼻尖点到鼻底点（prn-sn）的距离改变。测量额鼻角（nasofrontal angle）和鼻唇角（nasolabial angle）的角度变化,同期照片资料存留。结果：术前及术后不同时间段测量数据显示,所有唇腭裂鼻畸形患者术后鼻部外形明显改善,鼻尖高度增加,鼻背部倾斜得到改善。结论：采用自体肋软骨移植矫正唇腭裂鼻畸形术后,鼻畸形能够得到有效矫正,并能获得较为稳定的长期术后效果。     

二尖瓣位生物瓣置换术后瓣膜毁损的临床特征及超声表现

目的探究二尖瓣位生物瓣膜置换术再次手术患者临床表现及超声心动图特征,为二尖瓣生物瓣膜毁损病因学诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析24例经手术证实二尖瓣生物瓣膜置换术后,需再次手术患者的一般临床资料和超声心动图改变,总结患者心脏生物瓣膜毁损一般临床特征及超声表现。结果 24例患者中,中位年龄为66岁,男8例,女16例。24例中初次二尖瓣生物瓣置换术后出现生物瓣毁损再次手术原因:12例单纯性瓣膜关闭不全,4例瓣膜狭窄并关闭不全,3例瓣膜关闭不全合并瓣周漏,2例单纯性瓣膜狭窄,1例瓣膜关闭不全伴感染性心内膜炎,1例瓣膜狭窄伴附壁血栓,1例瓣膜关闭不全伴赘生物形成。结论二尖瓣位生物瓣置换术后行再次换瓣术间隔时间长短不一,本研究大部分病例生物瓣置换术后第8~9年之间出现瓣膜毁损需再次手术,时间短者大部与感染有关,时间长者大多与瓣膜老化有关。     

Delayed right coronary ostial obstruction after J-valve deployment in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in adults.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is being increasingly applied for intermediate-to lowrisk patients.Here,we describe an uncommon complication of delayed right coronary obstruction in a transapical TAVI case.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman with a EuroSCORE II of 1.21%underwent transapical TAVI because of severe aortic stenosis.The surgical procedure was uneventful.However,during routine monitoring after valve placement,the patient had a sudden onset of slow heart rate,the systolic blood pressure dropped sharply from 115 to 60 mmHg,and the central venous pressure abruptly increased from 10 to 33 cmH2O.The patient had a poor response to vasoactive agents.Transesophageal echocardiography revealed poor myocardial contractility,and electrocardiography showed a significant depression of ST-segment.Another angiography was performed immediately,which suggested complete obstruction of the right coronary artery.An emergency protocol was initiated.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established immediately.An aortic biological valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed.CONCLUSION Perioperative monitoring,early recognition,and diagnosis of obstruction of coronary arteries in TAVI are important.Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool in this situation.Emergency protocols should be established during TAVI.     

Mid-term clinical and haemodynamic results after aortic valve replacement with the Trifecta bioprosthesis

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and haemodynamic results after implantation of the Trifecta bioprosthesis.METHODSThis study is a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing Trifecta aortic valve replacement between 01 January 2012 and 31 December 2017 at the Ghent University Hospital. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of valve- and procedure-related complications and mortality. The haemodynamic performance was analysed by longitudinal Doppler echocardiography.RESULTSThe mean age of the 182 patients was 77 [standard deviation (SD): 5.5] years; 54.9% were women. The mean follow-up was 39.8 (SD: 24.3) months. Overall survival at 1 and 5 years was 86% (SD: 3%) and 68% (SD: 4%), respectively, and overall freedom from structural valve deterioration was 100% and 98% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. There was no valve thrombosis nor early endocarditis. Urgent surgery was the only risk factor for early mortality in the multivariable analysis [P = 0.009, odds ratio 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.5]. Preoperative atrial fibrillation was the most important predictor of late mortality (P = 0.001, hazard ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.65–8.21). The average peak gradients were stable from discharge up to 1 and 5 years postoperatively [15 (SD: 6) and 17 (SD: 8) mmHg].CONCLUSIONSThese results confirm the excellent clinical performance of the Trifecta valve, particularly in an elderly age group. Through the 7-year follow-up period, low transvalvular gradients persisted, and only a few patients needed reoperation. Although structural valve degeneration occurred rarely, it was unrelated to valve size or age at implantation; therefore, further long-term follow-up remains mandatory.     

Safety and Applicability of Continuous Retrograde Cardioplegia in Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement: New Approaches

Purpose: To discuss minimally invasive cardiac surgery aortic valve replacement (MICS-AVR) approach via anterior thoracotomy using continuous retrograde cardioplegia. Continuous retrograde cardioplegia facilitates excellent continuous homogeneous cooling of the heart during cardiac arrest.Methods: We performed AVR using the proposed method in nine patients between June 2018 and September 2019. The median age of the patients was 73 (range: 43–84) years. The pleural space was entered via anterior thoracotomy. After opening of the right atrium, a retrograde cardioplegic cannula was inserted into the coronary sinus with a purse-string suture. Continuous cold blood retrograde cardioplegia was initiated at 700 mL/h.Results: Extubation in the operating room was performed in five (56%) patients. No new decreased function of the left and right ventricles was observed in intraoperative transesophageal echography or transthoracic echocardiogram.Conclusion: MICA-AVR through continuous retrograde cardioplegia is a safe technique.