石杉碱甲改善中老年语词记忆障碍的临床研究

目的;观察石杉碱甲(Hup A)对不同程度中老年记忆功能障碍患者的语词记忆增强作用.方法;50例中老年记忆功能障碍患者,采用自身交叉双盲法分别给以Hup A 100 μg和安慰药,po,bid,每个疗程2周.测定服药前后语词记忆能力,辅以脑地形图和血胆碱酯酶活力检查.结果;轻、中度记忆功能障碍患者服用安慰药后回忆总数(∑R)分别增加(0.91±3.60)和(0.86±1.79)分,而服用Hup A后分别增加(6.05±2.87)和(6.43±2.24)分,长时再现数(LTR)、长时记忆数(LTS)、恒定长时再现数(CLTR)、未经提醒回忆数(UrR)也相应增加;服用安慰药后短时再现数(STR)分别增加(0.90±3.32)和(0.71±2.95)分,而服用Hup A后分别减少(1.90±3.78)和(2.36±2.62)分,不恒定长时再现数(RLTR)、提醒数(Pr) 和经提醒回忆数(RR)也有类似的变化.服用安慰药后轻、中度患者11次未通过全部语词回忆的有24例,而服用Hup A后仅有10例.Hup A使13例患者异常脑地形图改善或转为正常.与安慰药比较,这些变化在统计学上有显著或极显著性.但对记忆功能严重低下者大多无明显效果.未发现Hup A有严重的不良反应,外周血胆碱酯酶无明显抑制.结论;Hup A 主要对轻、中度中老年记忆功能障碍患者的语词铭记、保持和再现能力的提高有一定效果.     

溶血样品胆碱酯酶活力实验研究

目的 探讨溶血样品胆碱酯酶（h-ChE）与未溶血样品胆碱酯酶（bl-ChE）活力值之间的关系。方法 采用羟肟酸铁比色法测定济南地区112名健康人bl-ChE及h-ChE,并用血红蛋白（Hb）值对h-ChE进行校正。结果 bl-ChE及h-ChE活力值之间呈高度正相关（r=0.728,P <0.01）。结论 Hb值校正h-ChE可避免由样品溶血干扰比色所造成的测定值误差,缩小男、女人群之间的测定值离散度,提高了胆碱酯酶测定值的可信性。     

血清胆碱酯酶与慢性肝病临床和病理的相关性

目的检测慢性肝病患者进行血清胆碱酯酶（CHE）,观察各临床分型肝病、肝组织炎症分级及肝纤维化分期的血清胆碱酯酶的变化。方法采用丁酰硫代胆碱法对192例慢性肝病患者进行血清CHE活性检测。结果不同临床分型中慢性肝炎轻度CHE（7730.6±852.4）U/L,中度（6587.5±920.0）U/L,重度（5068.9±813.6）U/L,三者与对照组（8520.3±920.6）U/L比较P〈0.05;肝硬化CHE（2882.1±810.5）U/L,慢性重型肝炎CHE（2583.2±807.0）U/L,两者与对照组比较P〈0.01。肝组织炎症不同分级患者血清CHE分别为G17815.9±925.6,G26888.2±953.4,G35470.6±1088.7,G42604.0±1015.7。G2,G3,G4与G1相比P〈0.05;G4与其它组相比P〈0.01。肝组织纤维化程度不同分期病人血清CHE分别为S08043.5±985.3,S16888.2±953.4,S25598.7±1054.6,S33841.2±1179.5,S42518.4±1028.9。S2,S3,S4同S0、S1比较P〈0.05,S4与各期比较P〈0.01。结论血清CHE活性与肝脏病变程度及肝组织病理损害程度呈明显的负相关关系。血清CHE可用于慢性肝病病情严重程度及预后的判断,血清CHE是观察慢性肝病患者肝组织炎症及纤维化变化的较敏感指标。     

Cholinesterase inhibition and toxicokinetics in immature and adult rats after acute or repeated exposures to chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos–oxon

The effect of age or dose regimen on cholinesterase inhibition (ChEI) from chlorpyrifos (CPF) or CPF–oxon (CPFO) was studied in Crl:CD(SD) rats. Rats were exposed to CPF by gavage in corn oil, rat milk (pups), or in the diet (adults) or to CPFO by gavage in corn oil. Blood CPF/CPFO levels were measured. With acute exposure, ChEI NOELs were 2 mg/kg CPF for brain and 0.5 mg/kg CPF for red blood cells (RBCs) in both age groups. In pups, ChEI and blood CPF levels were similar using either milk or corn oil vehicles. Compared to gavage, adults given dietary CPF (12 h exposure) had greater RBC ChEI, but lower brain ChEI at corresponding CPF doses, indicating an effect of dose rate. With repeated CPF exposures, ChEI NOELs were the same across ages (0.5 and 0.1 mg/kg/day for brain and RBCs, respectively). With CPFO dosing, the ChEI NOELs were 0.1 mg/kg (acute) and 0.01 mg/kg/day (repeated doses) for RBCs with no ChEI in brain at CPFO doses up to 0.5 (pup) or 10 mg/kg (adult) for acute dosing or 0.5 mg/kg/day for both ages with repeat dosing. Thus, there were no age-dependent differences in CPF ChEI via acute or repeated exposures. Pups had less ChEI than adults at comparable blood CPF levels. Oral CPFO resulted in substantial RBC ChEI, but no brain ChEI, indicating no CPFO systemic bioavailability to peripheral tissues.     

心衰患者心功能分级与胆碱酯酶的相关性分析

目的通过检测心力衰竭患者住院后24 h内血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)的活性,探讨其与心衰严重程度的关系。方法选择心力衰竭患者62例,按NYHA分级,其中NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级19例,Ⅲ级27例,Ⅳ级16例。采用全自动生化分析仪(Olympus AU),对心衰患者进行血清CHE活性的测定。结果 NYHA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级血清CHE活性为(8340±2049)U/L,Ⅲ级为(6137±1759)U/L,Ⅳ级为(5126±1599)U/L,CHE活性在心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级与Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心衰患者血清胆碱酯酶活性与心功能分级呈正相关,可作为评估心衰严重程度参考指标之一。     

Comparative study on pesticide mixture of organophosphorus and pyrethroid in commercial formulation

The marketing of mixtures of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides has become very common in developing countries and has resulted in an increase in the prevalence of toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of a commercial preparation of the pesticide mixture durasin, which contains 60% diazinon and 0.5% deltamethrin, compared with the individual commercial pesticides of diazinon 30% and deltamethrin 5%. Forty male albino rats weighing 160 ± 20 g were divided into; DA (diazinon 20 mg/Kg b.w.), DA (deltamethrin 2 mg/Kg b.w.), M (durasin 20 mg/Kg b.w.) and control (C); cholinesterase (ChE), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and non-specific esterase's isoenzymes in rat's blood were determined following 7 and 14 days of treatment. The weekly- recorded biochemical results were used as criteria for estimating the joint effects of the tested pesticide mixture. Antioxidant defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat plasma displayed the same responses with intensities which were related to the different treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that (DA) or (DM) individually cause alteration in lipid metabolism and non-specific esterase, while mixture treatment (M) induced antagonistic effects toward all the tested parameters except total reduced glutathione level, which was synergistic at the 2nd week. In conclusion the commercial mixture (M) under study has potentially greater toxic impact than the components alone in the rat.     

神经束植入治疗家兔腓肠肌失神经支配的疗效评价

目的：探讨家兔失神经支配腓肠肌神经束植入后其肌湿质量、肌肉收缩能力的变化以及乙酰胆碱酯酶含量的变化,为临床寻找检测肌肉萎缩程度方法和评价神经束植入术的疗效。方法：新西兰兔48只随机分为3组：神经植入组、神经吻合组及对照组,每组16只。分别于术后2、4、6、8、12、16、20及24周处死取两组右小腿腓肠肌作实验观察。结果：随着时间延长,神经植入组间肌湿质量逐渐增加,神经吻合组肌湿质量呈缓慢上升趋势。对照组肌湿质量呈缓慢下降趋势。神经植入组在第12周时肌湿质量开始大于神经吻合组（P〉0.05）。神经植入组单肌收缩力逐渐增加,到16周时,神经植入组与对照组单肌收缩力已经没有差别。在16周前,各组胆碱酯酶含量的变化不是很明显,16周后,植入组胆碱酯酶含量明显增加。结论：神经植入较神经吻合方法具有很好的神经再生效果,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Neurobehavioral teratogenicity of sarin in an avian model

Nerve gas organophosphates like sarin are likely to be used in urban terrorism, leading to widespread exposures of pregnant women and young children. Here, we established a model for sarin neurobehavioral teratogenicity in the developing chick so as to explore the consequences of apparently subtoxic sarin exposure and the mechanisms underlying synaptic and behavioral deficits. Chicken eggs were injected with sarin (2, 6 and 12 μg/kg) on incubation days 2 and 6, treatments that did not decrease hatching and did not evoke dysmorphology. After hatching the chicks were tested for filial imprinting and neurochemical markers known to be critical for imprinting. Imprinting was reduced at 2 and 6 μg/kg but not at the highest dose. Acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase were unaffected but sarin reduced the concentration of the high-affinity choline transporter, the rate-limiting factor in acetylcholine utilization. The concentration of PKC isoforms was assessed in the imprinting-related intermediate part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale, the region most closely associated with cholinergic function in imprinting behavior. Sarin reduced the concentration of all isoforms (α, β, γ) with a similar, biphasic dose–response curve to that seen for behavioral performance, a relationship noted in previous work with organophosphate pesticides. Our results indicate that otherwise subtoxic exposures to sarin produce neurodevelopmental deficits; since we utilized a chick model, which is devoid of maternal confounds that are present in mammalian development, the adverse effects of sarin are mediated directly in the developing organism.     

血管紧张素转化酶活性与乙型病毒性肝炎患者临床分型关系的研究

目的探讨血清血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）与乙型病毒性肝炎不同临床分型的关系及临床意义。方法利用连续监测法对健康组60例、慢性病毒性乙型肝炎组43例、Child-Pugh A级组36例、Child-Pugh B级组34例、Child-Pugh C级组32例各样本进行ACE活性和胆碱酯酶（CHE）活性的测定,比较各组ACE和CHE值,判断肝细胞损伤程度与血清ACE的活性及ACE和CHE之间的关系。结果乙型病毒性肝炎不同临床分型血清中ACE活性变化的顺序由低到高为：健康组（23．47±6．03）μmol／L,慢性病毒性乙型肝炎组（51．79±8．58）μmol／L,乙肝后肝硬化中Child-Pugh A级组（60．57±6．40）μmol／L,Child-PughB级组（68．22±6．62）μmol／L,Child-PughC级组（77．30±8．30）μmol／L,各组肝病患者血清ACE活性都明显高于健康组（P〈0．01）。CHE活性〉4000 IU／L时,ACE活性为（34．71±9．43）μmol／L,CHE在2000N4000 IU／L时,ACE活性为（53．16±8．46）t．LmolfL,CHE在1000～2000 IU／L时,ACE活性为（67．67±9．52）μmol／L,CHE〈1000 IU／L时,ACE活性为（79．27±7．53）μmol／L,各组间比较,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论检测病毒性乙型肝炎不同临床分型中血清ACE的活性变化,对于判断肝细胞损伤程度有一定的临床意义。     

A 28-day repeat dose toxicity study of steroidal glycoalkaloids, α-solanine and α-chaconine in the Syrian Golden hamster

Glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine are naturally present toxicants in the potato plant (Solanumtuberosum). Human intake of high doses of glycoalkaloids has led to acute intoxication, in severe cases coma and death. Previous studies have indicated that the ratio of α-solanine to α-chaconine may determine the degree and nature of the glycoalkaloid toxicity in potatoes, as the toxicity of the two alkaloids act synergistically. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether an altered ratio of α-solanine and α-chaconine would reduce the toxicity of the glycoalkaloids. The Syrian Golden hamster was given daily doses of α-solanine and α-chaconine by gavage for 28 days. Doses of up to 33.3 mg total glycoalkaloids/kg body weight were applied in ratios of 1:3.7 and 1:70 (α-solanine:α-chaconine). Administration of the highest doses of both ratios resulted in distended and fluid filled small intestines and stomach. Animals receiving the ratio with the reduced content of α-solanine were less affected compared to those receiving the other ratio. Gene expression profiling experiments were conducted using RNA from epithelial scrapings from the small intestines of the hamsters administered the highest doses of the glycoalkaloid treatments. In general, more differential gene expression was observed in the epithelial scrapings of the hamsters fed the ratio of 1:3.7. Mostly, pathways involved in lipid and energy metabolism were affected by the ratio of 1:3.7.