三镜联合治疗复杂性肝内外胆管结石的体会

目的:分析复杂肝内外胆管结石的有效治疗方法及三镜(腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜)联合治疗的优势。方法:回顾分析2009年8月至2011年8月为100例肝内外胆管结石患者行三镜联合手术的临床资料,并对结果进行随访。结果:79例成功施行胆总管一期缝合术,术后5～8 d拔除鼻胆管,患者治愈出院。19例放置T管,12～15 d后带管出院,6～8周经胆道造影检查无特殊发现,遂拔除T管;其中3例发现胆道残留结石,术后经T管胆道镜取石成功,患者治愈出院。2例合并胆管癌,1例中转开腹,1例植入金属支架。术后随访3～6个月,2例胆管癌患者均死亡,余者均无结石复发、胆道狭窄等并发症发生。结论:三镜联合治疗复杂性肝内外胆管结石具有患者创伤小、康复快等特点,可降低并发症发生率及残石率,技术较成熟,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术75例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效、手术适应证、缝合方式的选择及术后胆漏的发生原因。方法:回顾分析2011年7月至2013年1月为75例胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜取石术并一期缝合的临床资料。结果:75例均成功完成腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术。手术时间70~185 min,平均(93±12.6)min;术中出血量15~45 ml,平均(21±4.5)ml;术后住院3~12 d,平均(5±1.8)d。术后19例发生胆漏,其中18例经禁食、抗感染、腹腔通畅引流等保守治疗后痊愈出院,1例术后第15天带管出院,第31天拔除引流管。结论:严格掌握手术适应证、术者具备良好的镜下缝合打结技术,行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术是安全、可靠的,可有效降低胆漏、胆管狭窄等并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆道结石18例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)治疗胆囊结石、胆道结石患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2013年5月为18例患者行LC联合LCBDE的临床资料。结果:17例顺利完成手术,1例因放置T管困难,中转开腹,术中发现胰头明显增大,质韧,取组织送快速冰冻检查,结果为良性增生,行胆肠内引流术。手术时间平均(138±45)min,术中出血量平均(28±11)ml,平均住院(6.7±0.8)d,术后胃肠功能恢复时间平均(21±6)h,术后下床时间平均(14±3)h,17例平均随访(8.0±3.2)个月,患者恢复良好,未发生胆总管残留结石、胆总管狭窄、胆漏等并发症。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆道结石具有明显的微创优势,是安全、有效的,保证了Oddi括约肌功能的完整性,术后并发症减少,住院时间短,患者康复快,适于基层医院开展。     

胆囊合并胆道结石的微创治疗

目的总结联合运用腹腔镜、十二指肠镜、胆道镜微创治疗胆囊合并胆道结石的经验。方法从1996年1月至2004年1月,运用三镜联合的手术方式,术前十二指肠镜逆行胆胰管造影检查(ERCP),十二指肠镜oddi括约肌切开(EST)或oddi括约肌气囊扩张(EPBD)胆总管取石,腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC),腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE),术中、术后胆道镜,对86例胆囊结石合并胆管结石的病人进行微创治疗。结果82例手术获得成功,4例中转开腹,无胆道残余结石及严重并发症。术后住院时间明显缩短,操作熟练后手术时间也少于开腹手术。63例随访半年未见并发症。结论三镜联合的手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石是切实可行和安全可靠的,其微创优势明显,可取代大部分开腹胆囊切除胆总管探查术。     

The treatment of intrahepatic calculosis by applying helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope: a report of 30 cases

Background and aims Intrahepatic lithiasis is a common disease in southeast Asia [Sheen-Chen and Chou, Acta Chir Scand 156:387–390, 1990], and a difficult problem of biliary surgery. There is no established method of treating patients with intrahepatic stones [Uchiyama et al., Arch Surg 137:149–533, 2002]. In recent years, resection of the affected liver lobe or segment is the best therapeutic option to completely remove the source of recurrent infection. The need for endoscopic treatment modalities is evident because hepatic resections are combined with a high morbidity and mortality rate [Andersson et al., HPB Surg 2:145–147, 1990; Adamek et al., Scand J Gastroenterol 34:1157–1161, 1999]. Hepatic resection only fit the cases in which the stones localized in one lobe or segment, while it doesn’t fit the cases which have polystones in left and right biliary tract. Duodenoscope can only get the stones in the common bile duct and cannot deal with the intrahepatic lithiasis. The management of intrahepatic lithiasis can only be treated by intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscope. For big stones or compact stones, lithotripsy should be applied. But the laser lithotripsy and the electrohydraulic lithotripsy can cause serious complications such as perforation of bile duct. It needs a safer and more reliable treatment for intrahepatic lithiasis. The aim of our work is to study the lithotrity treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis by using helix hydro-jet under Video Choledochoscope.Materials and methods From March 31, 2003 to October 20, 2004, 30 intrahepatic stone patients were treated. Eighteen of them were women and 12 were men, with ages ranging from 35 to 80 years (mean, 58 years). According to B ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan report, there were five cases of intrahepatic lithiasis and common bile duct stones, 25 cases of left and right hepatic duct stones, and one case with giant intrahepatic stone (1.5 × 1.5 × 1.2 cm). Intraoperative or postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy was applied through a video choledochoscope. For the patients to have the intraoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by B ultrasound or CT scan. The biliary tract reconstruction by spiral CT scan is as helpful as MRCP or ERCP for clinical diagnosis. For the patients to have the postoperative choledochoscopic helix hydro-jet lithotripsy, they should be diagnosed correctly by T-tube cholangiography and BUS and CT scan. All patients should be verified without stones remaining in the bile duct after lithotripsy by choledochoscopic examination and T-tube cholangiography, and should be examined by BUS again after 6 months to 1 year. We decide whether complications occurred by observation of symptoms and signs after choledochoscopy and lithotripsy.Results Seventy-five intrahepatic stones with diameter ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 cm were successfully fragmentized in 30 patients using of helix hydro-jet lithotripsy. These fragmentized stones mainly are bilirubin stones. The lithotripsy was carried for 45 times and the procedure needs 1–1.5 h. Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy are used in 16 cases during operation and 12 cases after operation; two cases during operation and after operation. Intrahepatic calculosis was cleaned out completely and verified by postoperative choledochoscope examination and postoperative T-tube cholangiography examination. No complications were observed.Conclusion Helix hydro-jet lithotripsy under video choledochoscope is a safe and effective method for the removal of intrahepatic stone. No bile duct damnified and perforation was observed. The procedure is without pain and heat, and the pressure can be adjusted easily. The research provides a new way of using the helix hydro-jet, and a new way of curing the intrahepatic lithiasis.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

纤维胆道镜治疗胆管残余结石的临床应用

目的：探讨纤维胆道镜对肝内外胆管残余结石的治疗价值。方法：对126例纤维胆道镜治疗胆管残余结石的病例进行分析研究,并对胆管狭窄,T管脱出的处理,胆肠吻合皮下盲袢间置术的价值及彗星征的重要性进行探讨。结果：126例病人中125例治愈,治愈率99．2％,无严重合并症,结论：胆道镜治疗肝内外胆管残余结石不禁食,不麻醉,门诊即可进行;胆肠吻合术治疗肝内结石时应留置盲袢,并放标记,以备结石复发时胆道镜取石,I,Ⅱ级胆管狭窄可于取净结石后放置塑料支架,手术和胆道镜相配合,是解决胆道结石的理想途径。     

腹腔镜保胆取石术和取息肉术26例报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜保胆取石术和取息肉术的手术方法和适应证。方法：26例病人在全麻下采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术（L.C)的标准四戳孔，借助胆道镜，取石网和电热圈套器处理胆囊结石和胆囊息肉，胆囊壁切口用3-0-5-0可吸收缝针线荷包缝合或连续扣锁缝合，取出的胆囊结石和胆囊息肉装入标本袋从剑突下孔或脐部孔取出；Winslow孔附近常规放置两根多孔腹腔引流管观察渗漏情况。结果：施行保胆取石术24例和取息肉术2例，成功18例，中转LC5例，胆漏2例，胆道出血1例。腹腔引流管引流出渗出液20-300ml/d，术后2-7d拔除。无中转开腹。无死亡。手术历时（穿刺Troear到取出标本袋）40-160min，平均90min。术后住院3-10d。结论：选择合适病人，确切的胆道镜检查和治疗，可靠的缝合胆囊壁切口，施行腹腔镜保胆取石术和取息肉术可行，有效，较安全。此方法保留了有功能的胆囊。     

腹腔镜胆道镜胆总管探查取石术治疗胆结石的临床效果观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜进行胆总管探查取石（LCBDE）治疗肝内胆管结石的临床疗效。方法：将73例患者分为37例LCBDE组和36例开腹手术组（对照组）,比较两组患者手术时间、术后可以进食时间、住院天数、ICU入住率、医疗费用（万元）以及术后并发症等情况。结果：两组在住院天数方面差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;LCBDE组的手术时间、术后ICU入住率明显少于或低于对照组,两组数据相比差异皆有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）;LCBDE组患者术后可以进食时间、医疗费用都比对照组要短或低（P〈0．05）。两组患者术后并发症比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：LCBDE治疗胆结石无论是治疗效果还是在降低医疗花费方面都要比传统开腹手术有优势,值得临床进一步推广。     

腹腔镜胆道探查一期缝合的临床研究

目的 研究腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合的安全性、可行性.方法 回顾性分析2011年1～9月行腹腔镜胆道探查一期缝合的患者25例临床资料.结果 25例患者手术顺利,手术时间40～100 min,平均70 min.术后随访未发现残余结石、胆道狭窄.结论 腹腔镜胆总管探查一期缝合是安全、可行、微创的.