青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑状况及其护理

目的探讨青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑状况,并总结其护理干预措施。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经外科收治的颅内动静脉畸形青年患者84例的临床资料。所有患者均在全身麻醉下实施动静脉畸形切除术,术前均详细记录其术前焦虑水平,并在常规护理的基础上实施心理护理及健康宣教。结果84例患者在术前均发生不同程度的焦虑(轻、中、重度焦虑分别为39例、32例、13例)。经心理护理后,患者均有不同程度的好转,均能顺利完成手术,手术时间为185~250min,平均(156±21.4)min。所有患者均未发生并发症,住院时间8~12d,平均(7.5±11.5)d。患者术后随访3~12个月,随访期间有1例患者复发;1例患者发生再出血。结论早期对患者进行良好的心理指导和健康宣教,可明显降低青年颅内动静脉畸形患者术前焦虑,有利于患者疾病康复。     

产前超声诊断中晚孕期胎儿心脏畸形48例应用分析

目的探讨产前超声在胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2013年9月于陕西中医学院第二附属医院产前超声筛查中诊断的心脏畸形胎儿48例的临床资料及声像图表现,并分析总结3例漏诊的原因。结果 37例胎儿心脏畸形于中孕期检出,占总数的77.1%;晚孕期检出11例,占22.9%,其中1例室间隔缺损胎儿于孕晚期复查时缺损完全愈合,漏诊3例均于出生后经超声心动图确诊。结论产前常规超声检查可提高胎儿心脏畸形的检出率,并减少漏诊、误诊的发生。     

系统产前超声检查在双胎妊娠产前筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨系统产前超声检查在双胎妊娠产前筛查中的应用价值。 方法对2012年10月至2017年12月在咸阳市妇幼保健院进行系统产前超声检查的393例双胎妊娠资料进行回顾性分析,将其中27例双胎妊娠畸形病例纳入研究。通过将双胎妊娠畸形病例产前超声检查资料与随访及病理解剖结果进行对比,分析双胎妊娠系统产前超声检查胎儿畸形检出率及诊断符合率。 结果纳入研究的27例双胎妊娠畸形病例中19例为胎儿结构畸形,8例为双胎妊娠特有畸形。19例胎儿结构畸形均为双胎之一胎儿的单一畸形,8例双胎妊娠特有畸形多为两个胎儿同时受到累及。系统产前超声检查检出17例胎儿结构畸形和8例双胎妊娠特有畸形均与病理诊断符合,系统产前超声检查诊断符合率100%（25/25）;漏诊胎儿结构畸形2例,胎儿畸形检出率92.6%（25/27）。 结论系统产前超声检查应用于双胎妊娠产前筛查有较高的畸形检出率及诊断符合率,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

圆形头痛合并Ⅰ型Chiair畸形患者3例及文献分析

分析我科收治的3例圆形头痛（视频脑电图检查排除头痛型癫痫）患者合并Ⅰ型Chiair畸形的临床特征和治疗效果。3例患者,女性2例,男性1例。其中2例圆形头痛发作期出现咳嗽或Valsalva动作时头痛程度明显加重,另1例则咳嗽或Valsalva动作时头痛程度无变化。3例均未手术治疗,通过口服药物或联合疼痛区域神经阻滞治疗,头痛均完全缓解,目前随访均未复发。     

小儿Budd-Chiari综合征的影像学表现探讨

目的 :探讨小儿Budd Chiari综合征的影像学表现 ,为临床诊治提供可靠依据。方法 :搜集 7例经手术或血管造影证实的小儿Budd Chiari综合征患者 ,全部病例均行CT扫描检查 ,5例行血管造影 ,2例行MRI检查。结果 :肝脏呈斑均匀增强 ,为典型的CT表现。 5例血管造影示肝段下腔静脉狭窄     

Use of three‐dimensional power doppler sonography in the diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformation and follow‐up after uterine artery embolization: Case report and brief review of literature

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the uterus can cause life‐threatening hemorrhage. Unexplained, heavy vaginal bleeding in a reproductive age woman should raise suspicion for an AVM. Here a 37‐year‐old woman had increasingly severe vaginal bleeding for 15 days. Serum β‐hCG was elevated. Two‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasound suggested retained products of conception. Before dilation and curettage (D&C), color Doppler and three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler demonstrated findings indicative of uterine AVM. A bilateral uterine artery embolization was performed without complications. Three months after uterine artery embolization, 3D power Doppler ultrasonography found complete resolution of the AVM. This case illustrates the importance of assessing both gray‐scale and 3D power Doppler, and the ability of postprocedure Doppler to assess resolution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:327–334, 2015     

脊髓髓内动静脉畸形的血管内介入诊疗

目的：探讨脊髓髓内动静脉畸形行血管内介入的诊疗价值。方法：回顾性分析26例髓内动静脉畸形的选择性动脉造影与栓塞治疗资料，所有患者均行全脊髓动脉数字减影血管造影检查。结果：26例髓内动静脉畸形经血管造影检查，表现为隐匿性髓内血管畸形者6例，余20均能显示病变的范围、血供情况及其特征，其中供血动脉为单纯脊髓前动脉者10例，单纯脊髓后动脉者4例，脊髓前动脉和后动脉同时供血者6例。12例接受了栓塞治疗，达到临床治愈者3例，显效4例，有效3例，无效2例，显效率为58．3％。所有栓塞病例均无严重并发症发生。结论：经选择性血管造影确诊后行栓塞治疗是髓内动静脉畸形安全有效的治疗手段。     

Volume contrast imaging: A new approach to identify fetal thoracic structures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of volume contrast imaging for evaluation of fetal intrathoracic structures. METHODS: Volume contrast imaging is a new ultrasonographic method that increases the contrast between tissues. It consists of a 5- to 10-mm-thick slice-shaped volume image projected on a 2-dimensional screen. The rendering process applied on the slice smoothens the speckle pattern of the image by filling up the gaps with tissue information from the adjacent layers. To evaluate the potential of volume contrast imaging for enhancing the contrast between fetal lungs and surrounding tissues, we compared the ability of volume contrast imaging and conventional ultrasonography to image the fetal thymus in 50 controls. We also applied volume contrast imaging to prenatal imaging of 6 thoracic abnormalities (2 left congenital diaphragmatic hernias, 1 right diaphragmatic hernia, 2 congenital adenomatoid lung malformations, and 1 lung sequestration). RESULTS: In controls, the thymus was identified in all cases by volume contrast imaging and in 42 cases (84%) by conventional 2-dimensional ultrasonography. Clear images of macrocystic and microcystic congenital adenomatoid malformations were obtained by volume contrast imaging, which provided precise contouring of the lesions. In cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernias, volume contrast imaging provided clear images of the limits of the lungs ipsilateral to the hernia. CONCLUSIONS: Volume contrast imaging may enhance the contrast between fetal lungs and surrounding organs and can be applied to prenatal imaging of intrathoracic structures in cases with thoracic fetal abnormalities.     

幽门管血管畸形致上消化道出血1例报告

本文报道1例隐匿性幽门管处血管畸形所引起的反复上消化道出血,拓展临床医师对隐匿性上消化道出血的认识,提高临床医师对反复消化道出血患者病因早期筛查的警惕性。