环糊精在鼻腔给药系统中的应用

综述了环糊精作为鼻腔给药系统赋形剂的应用及安全性.     

2002—2004年深圳市慢病院抗结核病用药情况分析

目的掌握我院抗结核药物的用药现状及变化趋势。方法对我院2002—2004年抗结核药物的用药品种、金额进行分析和比较。结果我院抗结核药物的用药金额2002—2004年呈逐年上升趋势。结论抗结核药物的品种相对较少，价格较便宜．但抗结核病药物在我院防病、治病方面占有重要的地位，其用药数量、用药金额都在不断增长，抗结核病药物品种亟待进一步开发。     

利福喷汀治疗耐利福平肺结核的疗效分析

目的分析增加利福喷汀的用药剂量对利福平耐药肺结核的疗效，以评价利福喷汀在治疗利福平耐药患者中的作用。方法根据药敏结果选取耐利福平肺结核患者101例，分为治疗1组（利福平低耐），治疗2组（利福平高耐），两组治疗方案中均含利福喷汀，对照组（利福平高耐）治疗方案中不合利福喷汀。观察治疗后3、18个月疗效。结果治疗1组在各阶段的痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收和空洞闭和情况明显优于治疗2组和对照组，两组差异有统计学意义；治疗2组的痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收和空洞闭和情况略优于对照组，两者差异无统计学意义。结论对利福平耐药的患者尤其在利福平低度耐药病例中，可以选择增加利福喷汀用药剂量的方案进行治疗，在利福平高度耐药病例中利福喷汀的作用不能确定。     

2002-2004年深圳市慢病院抗结核病用药情况分析

目的掌握我院抗结核药物的用药现状及变化趋势。方法对我院2002-2004年抗结核药物的用药品种、金额进行分析和比较。结果我院抗结核药物的用药金额2002-2004年呈逐年上升趋势。结论抗结核药物的品种相对较少,价格较便宜,但抗结核病药物在我院防病、治病方面占有重要的地位,其用药数量、用药金额都在不断增长,抗结核病药物品种亟待进一步开发。     

Bacterial ghosts (BGs)—Advanced antigen and drug delivery system

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty bacterial envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria produced by controlled expression of cloned gene E, forming a lysis tunnel structure within the envelope of the living bacteria. BGs are devoid of cytoplasmic content and possess all bacterial bio-adhesive surface properties in their original state while not posing any infectious threat. BGs are ideally suited as an advanced drug delivery system (ADDS) for toxic substances in tumor therapy. The inner space of BGs can be loaded with either single components or combinations of peptides, drugs or DNA which provides an opportunity to design new types of (polyvalent) drug delivery vehicles. Uptake of BGs loaded with Doxorubicin (Dox) by CaCo2 cells led to effective Dox release from endo-lysosomal compartments and accumulation in the nucleus. Viability and proliferative capacity of the cells were significantly decreased (2–3 orders of magnitude) after internalization of Dox loaded BGs as compared to cells incubated with free Dox. The same effect was observed with leukemia cells. Melanoma cells also revealed a high capability to internalize BGs. These results indicate that BGs are able to target a range of types of cancer. BGs have also been investigated as DNA delivery vectors. Studies show DNA loaded BGs are efficiently phagocytosed and internalized by both professional APCs and tumor cells with up to 82% of cells expressing the plasmid-encoded reporter gene. Our studies with BGs as an ADDS system contribute (i) to optimize drug delivery for the treatment of cancer; (ii) define specific conditions for selection and preparation of BG formulations; (iii) and provide a background for the clinical application of BGs in cancer therapy.     

Individualized Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosing Based on Drug Exposure Significantly Improves Patient Outcomes After Renal Transplantation

Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may be optimized with individualized doses based on therapeutic monitoring of its active metabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA). In this 12-month study, 137 renal allograft recipients from 11 French centers receiving basiliximab, cyclosporine A, MMF and corticosteroids were randomized to receive either concentration-controlled doses or fixed-dose MMF. A novel Bayesian estimator of MPA AUC based on three-point sampling was used to individualize doses on posttransplant days 7 and 14 and months 1, 3 and 6. The primary endpoint was treatment failure (death, graft loss, acute rejection and MMF discontinuation). Data from 65 patients/group were analyzed. At month 12, the concentration-controlled group had fewer treatment failures (p = 0.03) and acute rejection episodes (p = 0.01) with no differences in adverse event frequency. The MMF dose was higher in the concentration-controlled group at day 14 (p < 0.0001), month 1 (p < 0.0001) and month 3 (p < 0.01), as were median AUCs on day 14 (33.7 vs. 27.1 mg*h/L; p = 0.0001) and at month 1 (45.0 vs. 30.9 mg*h/L; p < 0.0001). Therapeutic MPA monitoring using a limited sampling strategy can reduce the risk of treatment failure and acute rejection in renal allograft recipients 12 months posttransplant with no increase in adverse events.     

利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎临床研究

目的　研究利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎的有效性和安全性。　方法　采用随机对照方法 ,共治疗 5 1例急性肠炎。利福昔明治疗 2 5例 ,环丙沙星 2 6例 ,用药时间方法相同。观察治疗前后临床症状、大便性状、大便次数、便常规、血常规、尿常规及肝肾功能 ,以了解其疗效及不良反应情况。　结果　利福昔明组 (治疗组 )与环丙沙星组 (对照组 )相比 ,显效率分别为 92 .0 %和 80 .8% ,总有效率分别为 92 .0 %和 96 .2 % ,止泻时间治疗组 2 8.6 7± 15 .92h ,对照组 36 .12± 2 0 .70h ,均未见明显毒副作用。以上各项指标及两组在治疗过程中大便次数变化、大便常规复常率经统计学处理均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　利福昔明可用于治疗急性肠炎 ,与环丙沙星比较 ,疗效相仿 ,但耐受性好 ,口服不吸收 ,故值得推广     

Zolpidem induced nocturnal sleep‐related eating disorder (NSRED) in a male patient

Nocturnal Sleep‐Related Eating Disorder (NSRED) is a well‐documented sleeping disorder where the person is reported to experience bizarre eating behavior during sleep. Although various causes are implicated in this disorder, role of drugs cannot be ruled out. Here we narrate an interesting rare case report of a drug‐induced new onset NSRED, where a 45‐year‐old man on zolipdem performed an unexpected and bizarre eating behavior during somnambulistic state, type of which has not been reported earlier in the literature. The case falls under even rarer category as such behavior in sleep is reported mainly in woman. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009