颈椎前路限制性与非限制性钛板固定稳定性比较的实验研究

目的：分析比较颈椎前路非限制性钛板与限制性钛板固定的三维稳定性.方法：采用6具成人新鲜颈椎标本（C2～T1）,在MTS脊柱三维运动系统上先后测量C5/6完整、椎间盘摘除、椎间单纯植骨、限制性钛板及非限制性钛板固定状态下C5～C6节段在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯及旋转时的活动范围（ROM）.结果：单节段椎间盘摘除可造成颈椎明显失稳,单纯椎间植骨可维持颈椎的稳定性.限制性与非限制钛板固定均可以显著提高固定节段的稳定性,在屈伸及旋转运动中两种钛板之间无显著性差异,在侧弯运动时限制性钛板稳定性高于非限制性钛板.结论：在单节段颈椎减压植骨融合时前路限制性与非限制性钛板均可以显著提高固定节段的稳定性.     

放射治疗时间与中晚期宫颈癌预后关系的研究

目的 研究中晚期宫颈癌单独放疗时总的放疗时间对治疗结果的影响。方法 选择1986～1990年治疗的386例Ⅱb和Ⅲ期宫颈癌患者进行外照射和腔内照射,对这些患者进行综合分析,确定总的放疗时间是否为影响预后的因素。结果 经过综合分析表明,宫颈癌放射治疗中总的治疗时间和输血是影响疗效的两个最具有显著意义的因素。治疗时间超过56 d时,每超过1 d,局部控制率和总生存率大约每天降低1％。结论 总的放射治疗时间是影响中晚期宫颈癌疗效的预后因素。     

颈椎不稳症的影像诊断(附50例报告)

目的探讨颈椎不稳症的影像学诊断。方法回顾性分析50例经临床证实的颈椎不稳症患者的X线平片、CT和MRI检查资料。结果50例中上颈椎不稳16例,其中,寰枕关节不稳2例,表现为枕底—齿突线和斜坡—齿突线不连续,14例为寰枢关节不稳,其中,寰枢关节脱位7例;下颈椎不稳34例,其中,前屈不稳20例,后伸不稳14例。结论X线平片、CT和MRI综合分析能对颈椎不稳症作出准确的诊断。     

前列腺上皮内瘤变的基因微阵列分析

目的:通过基因微阵列分析,研究经显微切割后的前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)的基因表达谱,并将其与前列腺良性增生(BPH)及前列腺癌的mRNA基因表达谱进行对比,探讨前列腺癌的发生、发展,检测PIN及前列腺癌的肿瘤标志物。方法:采用美国Affymetrix公司的HG-U133A基因芯片,检测了16例人的前列腺组织标本,包括5例良性标本,6例PIN以及5例前列腺癌标本,均为新鲜冰冻组织。为了精确获得上皮细胞基因表达谱,避免周围间质细胞及单核细胞的RNA 对结果的影响,我们采用了激光捕获显微切割技术,分别得到了3组纯的上皮细胞群进行研究。结果:有些基因的表达强度在从良性增生到PIN到癌的转化过程中,呈逐渐改变的趋势,但笔者发现3组间基因表达谱存在非常显著的差异。与BPH及前列腺癌相比,PIN有其独特的基因表达谱。结论:基因表达谱中显著上调及下调的特异性基因,可以将PIN 和BPH及前列腺癌中区分开来;基因微阵列分析也有助于揭示代谢通路及信号转导途径的变化,有利于靶基因治疗。     

Mucin expression profile in pancreatic cancer and the precursor lesions

In this review article, we demonstrate the mucin expression profile in normal tissue, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), two subtypes of intraductal papillary–mucinous neoplasm (IPMN dark cell type and IPMN clear cell type), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas. In MUC1, there are various glycoforms, such as poorly glycosylated MUC1, sialylated MUC1, and fully glycosylated MUC1. IDCs showed high expression of all the glycoforms of MUC1. IPMNs dark cell type showed no expression or low expression of all the glycoforms of MUC1. IPMNs clear cell type showed low expression of poorly glycosylated MUC1, but expression of sialylated MUC1 and fully glycosylated MUC1. Expression of MUC2 was negative in IDCs, high in IPMNs dark cell type and low in IPMNs clear cell type. MUC5AC was highly expressed in IDCs, IPMNs dark cell type, and IPMNs clear cell type. MUC6 expression was higher in IPMNs clear cell type than in IDCs and IPMNs dark cell type. Our recent study demonstrated that high expression of MUC4 in IDCs is correlated with a poor outcome for patients. In PanINs, expression of both MUC5AC and MUC6 are an early event, whereas up-regulation of MUC1 is a late event. MCNs do not look as if they will show a specific mucin expression profile according to the literature review.     

Anatomic comparison of transarticular screws with lateral mass screws in cervical vertebrae

Objective:To compare the potential incidence of nerve root (ventral and dorsal ramus) injury caused by cervical transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws. Methods:Insertion techniques with Klekamp transarticular screws and Roy-Camille lateral mass screws were respectively performed in this study. Each technique involved four specimens and 40 screws, which were inserted from C3 to C7. And 20-mm-long screws were used to overpenetrate the ventral cortex. The anterolateral aspect of the cervical spine was carefully dissected to allow observation of the screw-ramus relationship. Results : The overall percentage of nerve invasion was significantly lower with Klekamp (45 %) technique than with Roy-Camille (85%) technique (P<0.05). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Klekamp transarticular screws was found at the dorsal ramus (25%), followed by the ventral ramus (15%) and the bifurcation of the ventral dorsal ramus (5 %). The largest percentage of nerve invasion for Roy-Camille lateral mass screws was found at the ventral ramus (80 %). Conclusion : The potential risk of nerve root invasion is lower with Klekamp transarticular screws than with Roy-Camille lateral mass screws.     

PK刀在腹腔镜下早期子宫恶性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨等离子刀(PK刀)在腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤中的应用价值。方法2003年1月~2006年12月,应用PK刀行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗30例经活检证实的早期子宫恶性肿瘤,其中子宫颈癌19例,子宫内膜癌11例。结果30例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无一例中转开腹手术。手术时间(253.2±55.3)min,术中出血量(310.0±147.7)ml,淋巴结切除时间(73.5±23.6)min,淋巴结切除(17.0±6.2)枚,术后肛门排气时间(32.3±11.2)h,术后应用抗生素时间(5.5±1.5)d,术后住院(12±5)d。术中损伤膀胱1例,术后最高体温≥38.5℃3例,尿潴留4例,淋巴囊肿1例。结论PK刀作为兼备切割和止血的腹腔镜手术器械,其止血效果好,创伤小,具有较高的安全性,在子宫恶性肿瘤腹腔镜下行广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结切除术是安全、可行的。     

同息通C2横突注射配合好及施外用治疗颈源性头痛

颈源性头痛（cervicogenic headache，CEH）特征是单侧后头痛伴上颈部疼痛、颈部压痛、僵硬或活动时上颈部疼痛、活动受限。女性多见，发病年龄为20-60岁。过去常被诊断为神经性或神经血管性头痛、枕大神经痛等，使用小针刀、针灸、牵引、按摩等“圳方法往往不能有效控制头痛。本研究在明确诊断的同时，采用不同的治疗措施，比较不同治疗方法之间的疗效。