Anterior skull base reconstruction after tumour resection using the posterior wall of the frontal sinus

IntroductionThe authors describe their experience of surgical closure of the anterior skull base after tumour resection, using the posterior wall of the frontal sinus.Material and methodThe authors describe their anterior skull base closure technique performed in three patients after tumour resection. Tumour resection via a transglabellar approach resulted in an anterior skull base defect. Reconstruction consisted of direct implantation of the posterior wall of the frontal sinus without using a bone substitute (except when nasofrontal duct obstruction is required).ResultsThree patients were operated by this surgical procedure with complete tumour resection in every case and no infectious complications. This technique was easy to perform, despite one case of persistent CSF leak. Follow-up imaging showed no displacement of the onlay bone graft.ConclusionAnterior skull base reconstruction after tumour resection using autologous frontal sinus bone graft is easy to perform with a low complication rate.     

大疱性类天疱疮患者疱液中趋化因子受体5和可诱导共刺激分子的检测

目的：检测C?X?C趋化因子受体5（CXCR5）和可诱导共刺激分子（ICOS）在大疱性类天疱疮（BP）患者疱液中的水平,探讨其在BP发病机制中的意义。方法收集15例BP患者疱液为实验组,15例Ⅱ度烧伤患者疱液为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法分别检测CXCR5及ICOS在两组疱液中的水平。结果实验组及对照组疱液中CXCR5水平分别为（219±145.31）、（147±23.83）ng/L,差异有统计学意义（t=4.577,P<0.05）,但疱液中ICOS水平差异无统计学意义[（30.18±14.86）比（21.43±5.32）ng/L,t=1.628,P>0.05]。结论 CXCR5的表达可能与BP发病有一定关系,而ICOS与BP发病的关系尚需进一步研究。     

支气管肺泡灌洗液的结核分枝杆菌快速培养对疑似肺结核的诊断价值

目的：评价支气管肺泡灌洗液的结核分枝杆菌快速培养在疑似肺结核患者中的诊断价值。方法：选不典型肺结核患者153例,行电子支气管镜检查。刷检涂片作抗酸染色镜检;支气管肺泡灌洗,支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）作分枝杆菌生长指示管（MGIT）快速培养福建卫生职业技术学院附属分枝杆菌。结果：BALF快速培养结核分枝杆菌、经支气管镜刷检涂片镜检分枝杆菌的的灵敏度、特异度分别为94．12％（32／34）、95．80oA（114／119）和52．94％（18／34）、96．64％（115／119）。前者灵敏度高于后者,经统计学检验显示有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论：对于临床不典型的肺结核,经气管镜行支气管肺泡灌洗液的结核分枝杆菌快速培养,灵敏度高,快速及时,具有较高的诊断价值。分枝杆菌培养及鉴定有助于提高临床肺结核的确诊率。     

UF-1000i 在脑脊液细胞分析及红细胞来源鉴别中的应用

目的 评价UF-1000i 在脑脊液细胞分析中的应用.方法 用UF-1000i 和显微镜分别检测216份脑脊液标本中的红细胞、白细胞和上皮细胞,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 UF-1000i 检测红细胞、白细胞、上皮细胞与显微镜法计数法具有高度的相关性;UF-1000i 的红细胞平均前向散射光强度直方图可以辅助鉴别蛛网膜下腔出血和穿刺出血.结论 UF-1000i 计数脑脊液中的细胞具有结果准确、快速、重复性好等特点,适合辅助脑脊液标本中细胞成分的临床常规分析,同时,对血性脑脊液的鉴别也有较好的辅助作用.     

脑脊液细胞学检测对以头痛起病的脑膜癌病诊断的意义

目的 探讨脑膜癌病的临床特点和诊断方法.方法 回顾性分析以头痛为首发症状的患者41例,经脑脊液细胞学确诊为脑膜癌病28例,结合文献进行分析.结果 经脑脊液细胞学检查发现异形细胞的患者共28例,余13例分别诊断为偏瘫性偏头痛1例,普通偏头痛2例,眼肌麻痹性偏头痛2例,特发性颅内压增高症3例,肌紧张性头痛3例,静脉窦血栓2例.结论 脑膜癌病临床表现无特异性,临床上常以头痛起病,反复CSF细胞学检查是确诊的重要手段.     

Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Common yet Disproportionately Deadly Stroke Subtype

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a medical emergency and is disproportionately associated with higher mortality and long-term disability compared with ischemic stroke. The phrase “time is brain” was derived for patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke in which approximately 1.9 million neurons are lost every minute. Similarly, this statement holds true for ICH patients due to a high volume of neurons that are damaged at initial onset and during hematoma expansion. Most cases of spontaneous ICH pathophysiologically stem from chronic hypertension and rupture of small perforating vessels off of larger cerebral arteries supplying deep brain structures, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy being another cause for lobar hemorrhages in older patients. Optimal ICH medical management strategies include timely diagnosis, aggressive blood pressure control, correction of underlying coagulopathy defects if present, treatment of cerebral edema, and continuous assessment for possible surgical intervention. Current strategies in the surgical management of ICH include newly developed minimally invasive techniques for hematoma evacuation, with the goal of mitigating injury to fiber tracts while accessing the clot. We review evidence-based medical and surgical management of spontaneous ICH with the overall goal of reducing neurologic injury and optimizing functional outcome.     

磁共振胆管成像和动态十二指肠液检查鉴别诊断婴儿肝炎与胆道闭锁

目的探讨磁共振胆管成像（MRC）和十二指肠液引流对婴儿期胆道闭锁（EHBA）与婴儿肝炎综合征（IHS）的鉴别诊断价值。方法应用磁共振和婴儿十二指肠引流管对52例婴儿期持续性阻塞性黄疸行MRC和十二指肠液检查，以胆总管、肝总管显影和十二指肠液检查有胆汁（胆汁酸阳性）并经随访黄疸消退诊断为婴儿肝炎综合征；以胆总管、肝总管未显示，十二指肠液检查无胆汁（胆汁酸阴性）且经外科手术探查诊断为胆道闭锁；并将胆道闭锁MRC及十二指肠检查结果与手术、病理结果对比分析。结果52例患儿中最后有34例确诊为婴儿肝炎综合征，18例确诊为胆道闭锁。34例婴儿肝炎综合征中30例MRC能清楚显示胆总管、肝总管结构，2例显示较小胆囊，2例胆总管、肝总管未显示。首次十二指肠液检查有胆汁31例，3例无胆汁。18例胆道闭锁中13例胆囊、胆总管和肝总管未显示，4例仅显示较小胆囊，1例仅显示较大胆囊，十二指肠液检查均无胆汁。18例确诊为胆道闭锁的患儿中，17例与MRC及十二指肠引流诊断相符。结论十二指肠引流液检查能直接观察有无胆汁，诊断胆道闭锁的敏感性为100％，特异性为91．1％；MRC能显示肝外胆道结构，诊断胆道闭锁的敏感性为94．4％，特异性88．24％；十二指肠与MRC联合诊断胆道闭锁的敏感性94．4％，特异性97．06％，因此二者结合应用能较准确鉴别诊断婴儿肝炎与胆道闭锁。