The effects of verapamil on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in surgical patients

The effects of verapamil upon cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) were studied in twenty surgical patients without intracranial pathology who were divided into two groups of ten patients each: verapamil 0.075mg·kg^–1 was given in group 1 and 0.15mg·kg^–1 was given in group 2. A spinal needle was inserted into the subarachnoid space to permit continuous measurement of CSFP. Intravenous verapamil as a bolus produced a statistically significant increase in CSFP: from 6.0 ± 3.5 (mean ± SD) to 10.5 ± 4.3mmHg in group 1 (P < 0.01), and from 6.2 ± 3.1 to 12.6 ± 3.8mmHg in group 2 (P < 0.01). CSFP after verapamil attained its maximum in 0.5–1.5min, then gradually returned to control levels. Changes in CSFP were always associated with statistically significant decreases in arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure, while the heart rate showed variable changes. It is concluded that a clinical dose of verapamil showed variable changes. It is concluded that a clinical dose of verapamil (0.075–0.15mg·kg^–1) has no neurological side effects in patients without intracranial hypertension. However, it must be emphasized that verapamil may increase CSFP to undesirable levels and should be avoided in patients with compromised intracranial compliance.(Nishikawa T, Namiki A: The effects of verapamil on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in surgical patients. J Anesth 1: 132–136, 1987)     

Microproteins in amniotic fluid as an index of changes in fetal renal function during development

Protein content and protein composition were studied in amniotic fluid obtained from 171 healthy pregnant women between the 16th and 38th week of gestation, using microgradient gel electrophoresis to separate proteins according to their molecular size into albumin (68 KD), proteins of low molecular weight (LMW proteins, <68 KD), and proteins of high molecular weight (HMW proteins, >68 KD). Additionally -1-microglobulin (-1-MG, 33 KD) and -2-microglobulin (-2-MG, 11,8 KD) were analysed as micromolecular marker proteins. Concentrations of LMW proteins were 0.15–0.22 g/l, of -1-MG 28.4–34.5 mg/l, and of -2-MG 7.2–11.6 mg/l during the second trimester of gestation, and thereafter decreased progressively to 0.03 g/l, 14.1 mg/l and 2.4 mg/l respectively near term. The same developmental trends were confirmed by calculating the protein/creatinine ratios in amniotic fluid. The concentrations of LMW proteins found in the first postnatal urine of 73 healthy infants born prematurely or at term were similar to those in amniotic fluid of corresponding fetal age. Concentrations of albumin and HMW proteins in postnatal urine were about 5% and 15% respectively when compared with amniotic fluid concentrations. No strong correlation existed between gestational age and either of the analysed proteins which would allow accurate assessment of fetal maturation by protein analysis in amniotic fluid. It is concluded that fetal urinary excretion is the major determinant of the microprotein content of amniotic fluid. Microproteins seem to reflect an increasing tubular reabsorption capacity, which accelerates rapidly after the second trimester of gestation.     

微型饮料“利喉乐”的研究

<正> 为了解决运动员在剧烈运动中出现的口咽部干燥,灼热感,避免因口干而喝水过多引起一系列副作用。我们和广州白云山制药厂合作,共同研制微型饮料——“利喉乐”。于1985起应用于体育、文艺、教育等部门,取得了良好的效果。现将“利喉乐”的配方,剂型、包装,药理、毒理以及临床观察总结如下:     

Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort

Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.     

The Potential Roles of Blood–Brain Barrier and Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Maintaining Brain Manganese Homeostasis

Manganese (Mn) is a trace nutrient necessary for life but becomes neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. The brain is a “privileged” organ that is separated from systemic blood circulation mainly by two barriers. Endothelial cells within the brain form tight junctions and act as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which physically separates circulating blood from the brain parenchyma. Between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the choroid plexus (CP), which is a tissue that acts as the blood–CSF barrier (BCB). Pharmaceuticals, proteins, and metals in the systemic circulation are unable to reach the brain and spinal cord unless transported through either of the two brain barriers. The BBB and the BCB consist of tightly connected cells that fulfill the critical role of neuroprotection and control the exchange of materials between the brain environment and blood circulation. Many recent publications provide insights into Mn transport in vivo or in cell models. In this review, we will focus on the current research regarding Mn metabolism in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the BBB and BCB in maintaining brain Mn homeostasis.     

PCT与SDI比值对重症细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的预测价值

 目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)与肺泡灌洗液辛普森菌群多样性指数(SDI)比值对重症监护病房(ICU)内细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性调查扬州大学附属医院ICU 2019年10月—2021年7月选择肺泡灌洗液宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)技术的56例细菌性肺炎患者病历资料,依据其入ICU 24 h内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ)分为非危重症组21例和危重症组35例。以细菌性肺炎造成死亡为终点事件,记录28天转归,并将患者分为生存组38例和死亡组18例。对各组患者的SDI、PCT、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、PCT/SDI、CRP/SDI进行比较分析。结果 与非危重症组比较,危重症组患者血清PCT/SDI、PCT水平均升高,且呼吸机辅助通气时间更长,28天病死率更高(均P＜0.05);与存活组比较,死亡组患者SDI较低,PCT/SDI、PCT水平均较高(均P＜0.05);SDI与呼吸机辅助通气时间呈负相关(r值为-0.655,P＜0.001),PCT水平、PCT/SDI与呼吸机辅助通气时间呈正相关(r值分别为0.660、0.734,均P＜0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)显示,PCT/SDI预测患者28天死亡的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851,其次为PCT+SDI (0.845)、PCT (0.808)、SDI (0.785)、CRP/SDI (0.731),PCT/SDI的最佳截断值为11.56时预判患者28天死亡的灵敏度为89.5%,特异度为66.7%。Cox回归分析显示,PCT/SDI值高(HR=1.562,95%CI：1.271~1.920,P=0.031)、PCT水平高(HR=1.106,95%CI：1.021~1.198,P=0.024)是ICU细菌性肺炎患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 PCT/SDI、PCT、PCT+SDI、SDI、CRP/SDI均可作为ICU细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的评估指标。与其他指标相比,PCT/SDI预测患者短期预后更有价值。     

肺癌患者的血浆、胸水纤溶活性及其临床意义

目的：研究纤溶活性在肺癌扩散中的影响。方法：检测29例肺癌患者、21例良性胸腔积液患者血浆、胸液中组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（t－PA）纤溶酶原活化抑制因子（PAI－1）活性。结果：肺癌组血浆、胸液中（t－PA)活性均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,而PAI－1活性则与对照组相似（P＞0．05）。结论：肺癌患者的纤溶失衡与其远处转移可能有一定关系。     

慢性阻塞性肺病大鼠模型的建立及药物干预的影响

目的：寻求建立慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）大鼠模型的新方法,探讨吸入皮质激素布地奈德及抗胆碱能受体支气管扩张剂溴化异丙托品（异丙托品）对大鼠COPD模型干预的影响。方法：用两次气管内注入脂多糖（LPS200μg/次）及熏香烟4周的复合刺激法建立大鼠COPD模型（模型组）,药物干预组于制作模型后第8天起分别吸入布地奈德及异丙托品溶液。观察支气管病理学改变及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞计数与分类,检测有关呼吸功能指标。结果：模型组气管、支气管及肺组织有慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿的特征性病理改变;气管壁厚度及腺体厚度／气管壁厚度的比值显著高于对照组（P＜0．01－0．001）;BALF中白细胞总数及中性粒细胞数较对照组显著增高（P＜0．01）,静息分钟通气量（VE）、呼气峰流速（PEF）和“0．3s用力呼气容积”（“FEV0．3”）则显著降低（P＜0．05）。与模型组相比,布地奈德组白细胞总数及中性粒细胞数显著降低,单核－巨噬细胞所占构成比显著升高（P＜0．05）,异丙托品组则无显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论：采用两次气管内注入适量LPS和反复熏香烟的方法,可成功制备大鼠COPD模型,其病理及病生理改变与人类COPD类似,为人类COPD研究提供了一个新工具。皮质激素对大鼠COPD模型有一定保护作用。     

核素脑池动态显像诊断脑脊液鼻漏的临床评价

目的：探讨核素脑池动态显像在脑脊液鼻漏诊断和治疗中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析了15例脑脊鼻漏的临床资料,尤其是核素脑池动态扫描的结果。结果：15例病人中14例核素脑池动态扫描有核素异常分析,且鼻漏出液放射性测定有核素显影,1例核素分布正常。14例核素分布异常病人,13例手术证实漏口与核素扫描结果一致,1例保守治疗成功。1例核素分布正常者,诊断假性脑脊液鼻漏,药物治疗而愈。结论：核素脑池动态显像作为一种简单创伤小的检查手段,对确定有无脑脊液脊液鼻漏和确定具体漏口部位有重要作用。     

体内外自由基形成的研究及意义

目的研究体内外自由基的形成及意义。方法用TBA-醋酸法检测正常人血清,血浆,胸腹腔渗、漏出液,各细胞提取物及服用西洋参前后的血浆和经过氧化处理后的正常人、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病患者的血清及食用油脂、相应烟雾冷凝油的过氧化脂质(LPO)含量。结果各细胞均有自由基反应,以血小板为最高。血清LPO明显高于血浆(P<0.001),胸腹腔渗出液LPO明显高于漏出液(P<0.001),过氧化处理后的糖尿病、高血压、冠心病患者血清的LPO明显高于过氧化处理后的正常人血清LPO(P<0.001);油脂质量越高,LPO含量越低,相应的烟雾冷凝油的LPO是食用油脂的14.3～35.6倍。结论生物、化学和物理因素均可引起脂质过氧化,不管何种因素所致的脂质过氧化,其反应过程及其产物LPO对生物体都有严重的损害作用。