兔急性脑缺氧时脑及脑脊液内腺嘌呤核苷含量的变化

本文报告了由低张性低氧血症所致兔急笥脑缺氧时脑组织内腺苷、次黄嘌呤核苷及次黄嘌呤水平分别从正常对照的５３．３±２．９、１１５．６±１１．８及１８６．５±１０．３增至８１６．４±５９．０、１０４９．７±３７．５及７０４．４±５５．３μＭ／ｇ（Ｘ±ＳＤ），各组间Ｐ值均＜０．０１至０．０５。同步测定的脑脊液中三种腺嘌呤核苷水平分别从正常对照的１．６±０．８、５．１±１．０及１３３．９±５０．８增至７．０     

Viral titers in nasal lining fluid compared to viral titers in nasal washes during experimental rhinovirus infection

BACKGROUND: The concentration of rhinovirus in nasal wash specimens from infected volunteers peaks at 48-72 h after inoculation. The volume of expelled nasal fluid peaks at the same time, raising the question of whether the viral concentration in nasal wash reflects viral replication in nasal cells or merely the production of an increased volume of nasal fluid during a cold. OBJECTIVES: To determine the amount of rhinovirus in nasal lining fluid during colds before the nasal fluid has been diluted in a nasal wash. STUDY DESIGN: Rhinovirus titers were determined in nasal wash specimens collected daily for five days from 14 subjects with type16 rhinovirus infection. The urea concentration in nasal lining fluid equals that in blood. By determining the urea concentration in a nasal wash and comparing it to the urea concentration in blood from the same subject, it was possible to determine the amount of dilution of the nasal lining fluid. The dilution factor (reciprocal of the dilution) was then used to calculate the viral concentration in undiluted nasal lining fluid. RESULTS: The dilution factor in 70 nasal washes varied from 5 to 64. The viral GMTs (+S.E.) in nasal washes were 1.79 (+0.3) TCID(50)/ml at 24 h, 3.11 (+0.15) at 48 h, and 2.61 (+0.3) at 72 h. The viral GMTs in nasal lining fluid, based on urea adjusted values, paralleled those in nasal washes but were approximately one log higher. Virus concentrations returned to near baseline values by day 5. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal pattern of rhinovirus shedding observed in nasal wash specimens, with a peak in virus concentration at 48-72 h after infection, is a true indication of virus production in nasal cells and not an artifact of the increased amount of nasal fluid produced during the early phase of a cold.     

Adjunctive low-dose doxycycline therapy effect on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid tissue plasminogen activator levels in chronic periodontitis

Objective and design: The present study examined effectiveness of low-dose doxycycline (LDD) in combination with nonsurgical therapy on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis (CP) a over 12-month period. Methods: GCF samples were collected, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. CP patients (n = 65) were randomized to LDD or placebo groups. LDD group received LDD (20 mg) b.i.d for 3-months plus and root planing (SRP), while placebo group was given placebo capsules b.i.d for 3-months plus SRP. GCF t-PA levels were determined by ELISA. Friedman, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant improvement was observed in all clinical parameters in both groups over 12-month period (p < 0.01). LDD group had lower PD, CAL and GI scores than placebo group at 6, 9 and 12-months (p < 0.05). GCF t-PA levels reduced in both groups over 12-month period (p < 0.01). LDD group had lower GCF t-PA levels than placebo group at 6 and 9-months (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results provide additional information about usefulness of LDD therapy as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy in long-term management of periodontitis. Received 8 May 2006; returned for revision 13 June 2006; accepted by J. Di Battista 12 July 2006     

胸腹水组织因子及组织因子途径抑制物的检测及其意义

目的研究三组疾病胸腹水组织因子(Tissue factor,TF)及组织因子途径抑制物(Tissue factor pathway inhibitor,TFPI)的表达及其鉴别诊断意义。方法TF和TFPI采用ELISA法测定抗原表达。结果胸腹水TF水平和TFPI水平,恶性肿瘤组(570.04±627.53)ng/L,(28.60±15.57)μg/L和结核病组(283.82±143.16)ng/L,(31.16±12.26)μg/L明显高于肝硬化组(60.83±66.87)ng/L,(7.84±5.45)μg/L,P<0.01。TF/TFPI比值则为恶性肿瘤组(32.17±44.19)明显高于结核病组(13.55±13.15)和肝硬化组(11.22±9.05,P<0.05)。在恶性肿瘤组中,胸腹水癌细胞阳性组的TF表达(1106.92±1244.28)ng/L高于阴性组(331.08±295.84)ng/L,P<0.05。而阳性组的TFPI水平(27.35±17.75)μg/L与阴性组(30.34±13.20)μg/L无明显差异(P>0.05)。TF/TFPI比值则为阳性组(59.59±65.10)明显高于阴性组(11.54±8.37,P<0.01)。结论检测胸腹水TF和TFPI并分析TF/TFPI比值可以作为临床实验室有鉴别诊断意义的辅助指标,同时还可了解疾病的某些病理机制,尤其是肿瘤的某些生物学行为。     

愈心梗液保护急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞和线粒体超微结构及抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的观察愈心梗液保护大鼠急性心肌梗死（AMI）后状动脉造成实验性AMI心力衰竭模型，并使之长期存活。造模成心力衰竭心肌细胞及线粒体超微结构和抗氧化的作用。方法结扎Wistar大鼠冠功后，大鼠随机分为7组，每组10只，即空白组、假手术（只穿刺不结扎）组、模型组、开搏通组、愈心梗液大、中、小剂量组。各给药组于手术即日起开始灌胃给药，连续4周。4周后麻醉处死大鼠．心脏组织切片处理后通过电镜和光镜观察心肌细胞及线粒体的形态结构及测定心肌细胞的横截面积、周长，同时测定大鼠心肌组织和血清中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的含量。结果动物造模4周后，大鼠心肌细胞中心肌纤维排列杂乱，图像系统测量显示心肌细胞横截面积增大、周长增加。与模型组比较，愈心梗液大、中剂量可显著降低大鼠心肌细胞横截面积、周长和直径（和模型比较，P〈0．01）。减少大鼠心肌组织和血清中MDA的含量和升高SOD的含量。结论愈心梗液可抑制大鼠AMI后心肌细胞的代偿性增大，保护线粒体结构的相对完整性，提高大鼠的抗氧化能力，干预AMI大鼠心室重构VR的病理过程，有改善AMI后心力衰竭的作用。     

Polyreactivity of human IgG Fc-binding phage antibodies constructed from synovial fluid CD38+ B cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Recent data indicate that rheumatoid factors (RFs) that occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are derived from Ig-producing terminally differentiated CD20-, CD38+ plasma cells present in synovial fluids (SFs). Phage antibody display libraries were constructed using CD38+ plasma cells isolated from SFs of two RF-seropositive RA patients. The libraries were enriched for phage antibodies (Phabs) binding to human IgG (HuIgG) Fc fragments and the sequences of their V genes were analysed. These data provided further evidence for an Ag-driven immune response in patients with RA, including expansion of clonally related B cells, selection and isotype switching, all hallmarks of a germinal center reaction. In the present study, the functional characteristics of these HuIgG Fc-binding monoclonal (mo) Phabs were further analysed in order to provide more insight into the specificity of HuIgG Fc-binding Phabs. Remarkably, all HuIgG Fc-binding moPhabs tested (n=48; derived from four different libraries) displayed polyreactivity. Structural analysis of the CDR3 regions revealed characteristic features of polyreactive Igs. Most H chain CDR3 regions harboured tryptophan/tyrosine-rich parts and approximately 60% of the L chain CDR3 regions of both RA patients displayed an identical stretch of amino acids (W/Y-D-S-S). Supportive for a dominant role of VH in specificity, exchange of VL regions with a single VH region yielded moPhabs with similar specificities. All together, the data suggest the presence of an Ag-driven process in the joints of patients with RA, including somatic mutation and clonal selection entailing isotype switching, resulting in the differentiation of B cells into polyreactive RF-secreting plasma cells.     

The Neuroimmunology of Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Roles of T and B Lymphocytes in Immunopathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system white matter. The association of the disease with MHC genes, the inflammatory white matter infiltrates, similarities with animal models, and the observation that MS can be treated with immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies support the hypothesis that autoimmunity plays a major role in the disease pathology. Evidence supports activated CD4⁺ myelin-reactive T cells as major mediators of the disease. In addition, a renewed interest in the possible contribution of B cells to MS immunopathology has been sparked by nonhuman primate and MS pathological studies. This review focuses on the immunopathology of MS, outlining the hypothetical steps of tolerance breakdown and the molecules that play a role in the migration of autoreactive cells to the CNS. Particular focus is given to autoreactive T cells and cytokines as well as B cells and autoantibodies and their role in CNS pathogenesis in MS.     

Signet-ring lymphoma: report of a case

Signet-ring lymphoma is a rare entity in which the synthesis or secretion of immunoglobulins is impaired, producing a signet-ring appearance to the lymphoma cells. A case of this type of lymphoma is described, and the cytologic aspects of the cells obtained from the fixative fluid are described.     

Adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial growth factor production by follicular fluid macrophages and granulosa cells

BACKGROUND: Human follicular fluid contains several substances, such as cytokines and growth factors, which may affect follicular growth and maturation. The present study examines the relative contribution of macrophages and granulosa cells in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and adrenomedullin in the human ovulatory follicle. METHODS: Both follicular fluid samples and blood samples were obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval following ovarian stimulation from 20 women undergoing IVF treatment because of male infertility. Human follicular fluid macrophages and luteinized granulosa cells were obtained from pooled follicular fluid of individual patients. Accumulation of VEGF and adrenomedullin in the culture medium of the isolated macrophages and human granulosa cells was determined at variable time intervals ranging from 0 to 48 h. Plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of VEGF and adrenomedullin were also measured. RESULTS: The follicular fluid concentrations of VEGF and adrenomedullin were significantly higher than those found in plasma. After 48 h, accumulation of VEGF in the culture medium of follicular fluid macrophages was significantly higher than that released in the culture medium of luteinized granulosa cells. In contrast, the production rate of adrenomedullin by follicular fluid macrophages was similar to that found in granulosa cells. VEGF secreted by follicular fluid macrophages increased progressively within 48 h of cell culture. A similar response pattern was observed with the culture medium of luteinized granulosa cells, but with lower production rates. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests for the first time that both luteinized granulosa cells and macrophages actively secrete VEGF and adrenomedullin into follicular fluid in the human ovary.     

Value of serum and follicular fluid cytokine profile in the prediction of moderate to severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

The aim of this study was to examine the role of serum and follicular fluid pro-inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the prediction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A total of 156 consecutive women undergoing in-vitro fertilization were recruited. The study group comprised 12 women who subsequently developed moderate (n = 7) or severe (n = 5) OHSS. The two control groups were comprised of a randomized selection of 12 high-risk and 12 low-risk women in whom OHSS did not develop. Serum was collected on days of human chorionic gonadotrophin, oocyte retrieval, and embryo transfer. Serum and follicular fluid concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and VEGF were measured. Follicular fluid IL-6 concentrations at the time of oocyte retrieval and serum IL-8 concentrations at the time of embryo transfer were significantly higher in the OHSS compared to the two control groups (P = 0.026 and P = 0.017 respectively). Serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and VEGF showed no statistically significant difference between the OHSS group and the controls at any studied time point. This study suggests that follicular fluid IL-6 concentrations at the time of oocyte retrieval and serum IL-8 concentrations on the day of embryo transfer may serve as early predictors for this syndrome.