CT导引下椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的CT评价

目的：探讨 CT 检查对评价 CT 导引下椎间孔镜(PTED)治疗腰椎间盘突出疗效的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经 PT-ED 治疗腰椎间盘突出症40例患者的 CT 图像,测量手术前、后突出椎间盘最大后移位距离、纵轴线长度、相应区域 CT 值和计算椎间隙高度维持率。使用日本骨科学会(JOA)下腰背痛的评分标准对术前、后患者进行评分。结果PTED 前、后突出椎间盘后移位距离、纵轴线长度、CT 值分别为：(6.19±1.44)mm、(9.10±2.59)mm、(64.06±10.00)HU 和(2.73±0.95)mm、(4.62±2.49)mm、(33.60±8.40)HU;JOA 评分分别为8.75±2.69、25.23±2.03,恢复率为80.69%±11.20%。3种 CT 测量值与 JOA 评分的相关性分析中决定系数 R 2=0.79、F =96.90、P 值=0.000。手术椎间隙高度术前、后分别为(4.91±0.49)mm、(4.57±0.46)mm,与 JOA 评分的相关性分析中决定系数 R 2=0.93、F =520.43、P 值=0.000,椎间距维持率93%±3%。结论术后 CT 检查能够有效评估 PT-ED 治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效,且具有重要临床指导意义。     

3.0T MR IDEAL序列成像应用于腰骶神经根受压的初步临床研究

目的探讨IDEAL技术在腰椎间盘突出症中显示腰骶神经受压的临床应用价值。方法将明显腰腿痛并腰椎间盘突出的患者40例作为观察组,正常志愿者10例作为对照组,行腰骶神经根IDEAL序列冠状位薄层扫描和常规扫描,所有图像均经最大信号强度投影(MIP)和曲面重建(CPR)后处理,观察腰骶神经根的受压特点及其与突出椎间盘与邻近组织的关系。结果观察组40例中有92组腰椎间盘不同程度的疝出,而由此引起的神经根受压共81组,其中神经根侧隐窝段受压的概率显著大于椎管内段,但是任何部位的神经根受压好发生于同侧还是双侧受压并没有统计学意义(P=0.338)。另有4组神经根受压由增厚的黄韧带或骨质增生引起;有6组由神经根鞘囊肿引起。受压神经根的影像学表现为:(1)神经根局部缺损样压迹;(2)走行的改变;(3)形态的改变,包括局部肿胀,甚至截断样改变;(4)与邻近组织局部粘连,边界不清,边缘模糊;(5)局部脑脊髓间隙变窄或消失。结论 IDEAL序列能直观显示腰骶神经根与邻近结构的关系及受压特点,能够对神经根受压作出准确的定位和受压程度评估,对判断腰骶神经受压、损伤等具有一定的临床诊断价值,也能为临床早期选择正确的治疗方案及疗效观察提供可靠的参考依据。     

经Quadrant通道微创治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

目的探讨Quadrant通道下微创治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法 2009年2月—2012年10月,我院对收治的20例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症患者行Quadrant通道下微创手术治疗。术后采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及患者满意度进行临床疗效评定。结果 20例患者症状均明显缓解。ODI评分、腰腿痛VAS评分均较术前有明显改善。末次随访20例患者对手术效果感到满意,患者满意度Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级1例。结论 Quadrant通道下微创手术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症是一种安全、有效,值得推荐的微创术式。     

Reduced tonicity stimulates an inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus tissue that can be limited by a COX‐2‐specific inhibitor

In intervertebral disc herniation with nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion, the elicited inflammatory response is considered a key pain mechanism. However, inflammatory cytokines are reported in extruded herniated tissue, even before monocyte infiltration, suggesting that the tissue itself initiates the inflammation. Since herniated tissue swells, we investigated whether this simple mechanobiological stimulus alone could provoke an inflammatory response that could cause pain. Furthermore, we investigated whether sustained‐release cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) inhibitor would be beneficial in such conditions. Healthy bovine NP explants were allowed to swell freely or confined. The swelling explants were treated with Celecoxib, applied either as a bolus or in sustained‐release. Swelling explants produced elevated levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) for 28 days, while confined explants did not. Both a high concentration bolus and 10 times lower concentration in sustained release completely inhibited PGE₂ production, but did not affect IL‐6 production. Swelling of NP tissue, without the inflammatory system response, can trigger cytokine production and Celecoxib, even in bolus form, may be useful for pain control in extruded disc herniation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1724–1731, 2015.     

电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症163例疗效观察及对血浆β-内啡肽的影响

目的观察电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及血浆β-内啡肽的影响。方法将163例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为治疗组85例和对照组78例,2组均采用电针并配合牵引治疗,其中治疗组选取深刺腰部夹脊穴,对照组常规取穴,分别于治疗前、后测定患者血浆β-内啡肽的含量,采用模糊视觉疼痛量表(VAS)及JOA腰痛评分标准对疼痛进行评定。结果治疗后2组模糊视觉疼痛(VAS)评分及JOA腰痛评分均明显改善,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),与对照组相应时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后2组β-内啡肽含量均明显增高,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);其中治疗组β-内啡肽含量增高更为明显,与对照组相应时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论电针深刺夹脊穴治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有显著的临床疗效,并可提高患者血浆β-内啡肽活性,这可能是电针镇痛作用机制之一。     

小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的探讨小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射与单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的治疗效果。方法临床CT(或MRI)检查证实为后外侧型和椎间孔型腰椎间盘突出症123例,随机分为小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗组(A组)61例和单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞治疗组(B组)62例;所有患者分别随访1、3、6个月。结果术后1个月,A组有效率90.2%;B组有效率70.9%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月和6个月,A组和B组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小关节内侧缘阻滞联合臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,与单纯小关节内侧缘阻滞术相比疗效更好。     

护理干预在腰椎间盘突出症保守治疗中的应用

目的探讨护理干预对腰椎间盘突出症保守治疗疗效的影响。方法选取60例腰椎间盘突出症行保守治疗的患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理的同时实施综合性的护理干预,比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组经过积极的护理干预后,总有效率96.6%显著高于对照组的76.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理干预对腰椎间盘突出症保守治疗的患者非常重要,可提高治疗效果。     

改良大骨瓣减压术在高血压基底节区脑出血伴脑疝中的应用

目的探讨评价改良大骨瓣减压术治疗高血压基底节区脑出血伴脑疝患者的效果,并与常规颞顶骨瓣减压术比较疗效差异。方法将我科2008年1月至2012年12月收治的60例高血压基底节区脑出血伴脑疝患者随机分为两组,每组30例。改良组采用改良大骨瓣减压术,常规组采用常规颞顶骨瓣减压术。术后治疗方案基本相同,术后随访6个月,按日常生活能力分级(ADL)评定疗效。结果改良组ADLⅠ级3例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级2例,V级1例,死亡1例。常规组ADLⅠ级1例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级10例,Ⅳ级6例,V级2例,死亡2例。需二次开颅手术常规组5例,改良组1例。经统计学处理,两组疗效的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣减压术在治疗高血压基底节区脑出血伴脑疝患者中有良好的效果,与常规颞顶瓣减压术比较,能减少二次开颅的概率,改善患者预后。     

Unilateral pupillary mydriasis from nebulized ipratropium bromide: A false sign of brain herniation in the intensive care unit

Although there are many causes of anisocoria in the intensive care setting, the development of unilateral mydriasis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage or tumor is a neurological emergency, as it may herald the onset of uncal herniation. We describe two patients with a hemiparesis from neurosurgical disorder who subsequently developed a fixed and dilated pupil. The pupillary abnormality was caused by nebulized ipratropium bromide in both cases, and resolved when the medication was discontinued. Nebulized ipratropium may leak from the mask into ipsilateral eye and cause mydriasis in patients with facial weakness. This benign cause of anisocoria in the intensive care setting is distinguished from uncal herniation by the laterality of neurologic findings, and lack of mental status change, ptosis, and extraocular movement impairment.