Carto系统标测和指导射频消融快速心律失常

目的　评价Carto系统电解剖标测和指导射频消融治疗快速心律失常应用价值。方法　选择各种快速心律失常患者共 5 6例 ,其中室上性心动过速 (室上速 ) 4 9例 [房室结双径路 8例 ,房性心动过速 (房速 ) 12例 ,心房扑动 (房扑 ) 10例 ,左、右房室旁道 19例 ],室性心动过速 (室速 ) 7例 ,在心动过速或窦性心律时应用Carto系统标测 ,从其电解剖传导图中判断心律失常起源和发生机制 ,并指导射频消融。结果　 5 3例消融成功 ,消融成功率 94 6 %。 1例右侧游离壁旁道、1例右房房速和 1例不典型房扑消融不成功。房室结双径路 8例。左、右房室旁道 19例。 12例房速中左房房速 4例 ,右房房速 8例。 7例典型房扑 ,3例不典型房扑。特发性右室流出道室速 3例 ,特发性左室室速 3例 ,心肌梗死后室速 1例。手术时间为 (12 8± 5 9)min ,曝光时间为 (14± 12 )min。 1例穿剌左锁骨下静脉时发生气胸并发症。随访 1～ 14个月 ,1例左房房速复发 ,经Carto系统再次标测和消融成功。结论　Carto系统可安全有效应用于各种快速心律失常的标测和消融 ,减少X线曝光时间。它将心内电图与三维解剖结构联系起来 ,判断不同心律失常机制及起源部位 ,对指导消融有较大价值。利用其定位记忆功能 ,可避免损伤传导系统及进行补充放电 ,减少并     

经心内和食管快速心房刺激对P波时限及离散度的影响

目的分析快速心房刺激对P波时限及离散度的影响。方法在74例射频消融术经电极导管起搏高位右房及82例经食管心房调搏检查者中,用180次/分的S1S1刺激心房3min,在刺激前后立刻记录12导同步心电图,通过心电图测出刺激前后的最大P波时限(Pmax)、最小P波时限(Pmin)及P波离散度(Pd),然后进行比较。结果:射频消融组Pmax在心房刺激后比刺激前有显著性延长(P<0.01),Pmin及Pd无显著性差异。食管心房调搏组Pmax及Pd在心房刺激后显著性增加(P<0.01),Pmin无显著性差异。结论:快速心房刺激能引起心房传导时间延长,非均质电活动的离散程度增加。     

Localization and radiofrequency ablation of slow conducting pathway in left free wall

Objectives To study the Electrophysiologic characteristics and method of radiofrequency ablation in patients with slow conduction in left free wall. Methods When 5 cases induced tachycardia, using VS2 program stimulation terminated the tachycardia to establish that ventricle is the part of reentry circle. Results No retrograde A waves in 4 cases but only 1 case present A wave in terminating tachycardia. The accessory pathways have decreasing conduction in One case. Successful ablation were located in ventricle sides. Conclusions Ventricular sense and S2 program stimulation to terminate tachycardia is a reliable method to different atrial tachycardia . A wave of successful targets ahead of A wave of any coronary sinus leads is 8 -22 ms.     

超声引导下实施射频消融房室结安置VVI起搏器初步探讨

探索经胸心脏超声引导心内射频消融房室结的可行性和安全性。对11例持续/永久性心房颤动/心房扑动拟行房室结消融加VVI起搏,在经胸心脏彩超引导下,采取多切面观察、导管运动中观察,密切结合心内电生理定位,尝试左锁骨下静脉永久起搏导管和右股静脉消融导管的心内定位和靶点消融。以出现稳定的房室分离判为消融成功。结果:11例房室结消融及VVI起搏均顺利完成,手术时间70～180min,放电期间超声切面可见能量释放征,消融后靶点区心内膜回声明显增强。手术成功率100%,随访期内患者恢复良好。结论:经胸切面超声引导射频消融房室结安置VVI起搏安全、简便、可行、经济。     

肺静脉节段性消融治疗心房颤动40例

目的初步分析肺静脉节段性消融治疗心房颤动。方法心房颤动40例，其中阵发性30例、持续性10例，年龄26～75（60±10）岁，行肺静脉节段性消融。结果达到消融终点（4根肺静脉均完全隔离）27例，完成3根肺静脉隔离9例，完成2根肺静脉隔离4例。手术操作时间（200±37）min；x线曝光时间（55±10）min。手术相关并发症9例（9／40，22．5％），其中急性心包填塞2例（2／40，5．0％）；肺静脉狭窄5例（5／40，12．5％）（其中有症状1例，无症状4例）；严重迷走神经反应2例（2／40，5．0％）。二次消融2例，手术成功，未复发。随访1～4年，总成功率为（30／40，75％）。结论经导管治疗心房颤动有效及相对安全；消融效果与左心房内径，心房颤动发作病史，是否持续性，肺静脉是否被完全隔离有关，术者通过学习曲线将能进一步提高手术成功率及降低并发症。     

CARTO系统指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的初步探讨

目的总结三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的临床意义。方法12例患者（其中阵发性房颤8例，持续性房颤4例）接收手术，阵发房颤采用Pappone术式，持续性房颤采用联合Pappone及Nademanee术式。术后随访5—18个月。结果所有患者均成功达到消融终点，1例患者复发房颤。结论三维标测系统指导下采用Pappone及Nademanee术式治疗房颤是安全可靠的。     

Evaluation of thrombotic children with malignancy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate inherited and acquired prothrombotic risk factors among children with malignancies who have thrombosis and emphasize the importance of inherited prothrombotic risk factors. Thirty-seven consecutive children with thrombosis and malignancy were included in this study. The patients were evaluated separately for time of development of thrombosis, insertion of a central venous line (CVL), history of l-asparaginase usage, and recent infections. Prothrombotic risk factors such as factor V G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutation, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III deficiencies, factor VIII and lipoprotein(a) elevation, and antiphospholipid antibodies were analyzed for all patients. Of 387 children with thrombosis, 37 (9.5%) had a malignancy. Thrombosis was detected in 9 patients at the time of diagnosis, during maintenance therapy in 25 patients, and after the discontinuation of treatment in 3 patients. One or two additional prothrombotic risk factors other than l-asparaginase therapy and insertion of central venous lines were present in 20 of these patients (54%). It was found that eight patients had the factor V G1691A mutation in the heterozygote state. One of them had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with a history of infection and one patient had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with factor VIII elevation. One had the the prothrombin G20210A mutation in the heterozygote state, four had lipoprotein(a) elevation, two had factor VIII elevation, one had a decreased protein S level, one had a decreased protein C level, one had antiphospholipid positivity, and two had histories of infection. Malignancy is an important risk factor for the development of childhood thrombosis. However, the risk of thrombosis increases when accompanied by additional prothrombotic risk factors. For this reason, especially children with malignancy and at high risk for the development of thrombosis, such as those who have received l-asparaginase or a replaced CVL during their therapy, might be screened for additional prothrombotic risk factors and appropriate measures might be taken to prevent the development of thrombosis.     

Linear lesions for treating the recurrence of persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia after cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation

Overall, 133 patients underwent 170 procedures for the treatment of persistent ATa following an index cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (n = 715). After all the procedures, > 90% of the patients had a roof line, a mitral isthmus and/or septal line, and a cavotricuspid isthmus line. Ninety-two patients (69.2%) were in sinus rhythm after a median of 36 months since the index cryoballoon PVI. ATa: atrial tachyarrhythmia; cryo: cryoballoon; CTI: cavotricuspid isthmus; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; RF: radiofrequency; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.

     

Ebstein畸形合并右侧旁道的射频消融及靶点图特征探讨

报道６例Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形合并右侧房室旁道患者（１例为外科手术切断未成功），其中顺向型房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）５例、逆向型１例。６例中有心房颤动和电击复律史者３例。经导管射频消融均成功地阻断了旁道。与心内结构正常的１５例右后侧壁显性旁道消融结果比较，平均消融时程（１３９±７４ｍｉｎｖｓ１１３±４６ｍｉｎ）、Ｘ线曝光时间（２８±１７ｍｉｎｖｓ２３±１２ｍｉｎ）均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均随访８±５月，１例术后６个月复发，经再次消融成功。其余病例未服用任何抗心律失常药物无心动过速复发。无并发症发生。提出掌握Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形旁道消融的有效靶点图特征及其消融的特殊性，此种病人的消融疗效可与心内结构正常的旁道者相当