超声引导下实施射频消融房室结安置VVI起搏器初步探讨

探索经胸心脏超声引导心内射频消融房室结的可行性和安全性。对11例持续/永久性心房颤动/心房扑动拟行房室结消融加VVI起搏,在经胸心脏彩超引导下,采取多切面观察、导管运动中观察,密切结合心内电生理定位,尝试左锁骨下静脉永久起搏导管和右股静脉消融导管的心内定位和靶点消融。以出现稳定的房室分离判为消融成功。结果:11例房室结消融及VVI起搏均顺利完成,手术时间70～180min,放电期间超声切面可见能量释放征,消融后靶点区心内膜回声明显增强。手术成功率100%,随访期内患者恢复良好。结论:经胸切面超声引导射频消融房室结安置VVI起搏安全、简便、可行、经济。     

射频消蚀术并发症及其防治

３４４例射频消蚀术中出现并发症９例（２．６％），其中心脏破裂致死１例（０．３％），ＩＩＩ度房室传导阻滞３例（０．９％），心室颤动２例（０．６％），主动脉瓣损伤、大头导管误入冠状动脉引起冠状动脉一过性缺血及股动脉术后出血形成巨大皮下血肿各１例。对各种并发症的防治进行了分析讨论。提出经验不足是产生并发症的主要原因。     

从慢径消融发生的交界区心律试探房室结双径的本质

７６例慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者接受房室结慢径消融术。６５例慢径阻断、９例双径存在但ＡＶＮＲＴ不能诱发、２例快径阻断。慢径阻断后，除快径的前传有效不应期（ＥＲＰ）缩短（２８７．０±７９．０ｍｓｖｓ３４４．０±８７．０ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）外，房室传导的文氏点、２１阻滞点、室房传导的１１点、快径逆传ＥＲＰ、前传和逆传功能不应期均无明显改变。共放电８４１次，其中无交界区心律的３１７次放电，无一次消融成功。６５例慢径阻断者，交界区心律减少或消失。以上结果提示快径和慢径可能是两条各具电生理特性的传导纤维。     

双大头电极间放电成功消融后间隔旁道(附一例报告)

报道１例采用在双大头电极之间放电成功消融后间隔旁道的病例。该例有心动过速病史８年，特殊检查未见心脏结构异常。心电图示显性Ｂ型预激。心内标测为连接左房与右室的后间隔旁道。采用常规单大头电极分别在三尖瓣环右房侧、二尖瓣环左室侧及左房侧反复放电均未成功。改用与单大头电极放电相同位置的三尖瓣环右房侧与二尖瓣环左室侧的双大头电极之间放电，功率１５Ｗ、阻抗９８Ω，放电３ｓ后ｄｅｌｔａ波消失，巩固放电至９９ｓ而获得成功。此例说明，在单大头电极放电失败后采用在双大头电极之间放电可以进一步提高导管射频消融后间隔旁道的成功率     

慢传导带传导阻滞作为心房扑动消融终点的意义（附Halo导管应用一例报告）

应用Ｈａｌｏ导管标测技术，结合冠状静脉窦与希氏束电图识别心房扑动折返环的慢传导带，在下腔静脉口到三尖瓣环峡部作射频线性消融，并以慢传导带出现双向阻滞作为心房扑动消融成功的标志，治疗了１例Ｉ型心房扑动患者。随访１个月心动过速未发。由于Ｈａｌｏ导管能在右房内全面记录右房激动顺序，便于了解峡部的传导情况，在心房扑动消融中有助于明确其诱发与终止的机制，并为慢传导带传导阻滞作为成功消融终点提供了可靠的手段。     

肺静脉节段性消融治疗心房颤动40例

目的初步分析肺静脉节段性消融治疗心房颤动。方法心房颤动40例，其中阵发性30例、持续性10例，年龄26～75（60±10）岁，行肺静脉节段性消融。结果达到消融终点（4根肺静脉均完全隔离）27例，完成3根肺静脉隔离9例，完成2根肺静脉隔离4例。手术操作时间（200±37）min；x线曝光时间（55±10）min。手术相关并发症9例（9／40，22．5％），其中急性心包填塞2例（2／40，5．0％）；肺静脉狭窄5例（5／40，12．5％）（其中有症状1例，无症状4例）；严重迷走神经反应2例（2／40，5．0％）。二次消融2例，手术成功，未复发。随访1～4年，总成功率为（30／40，75％）。结论经导管治疗心房颤动有效及相对安全；消融效果与左心房内径，心房颤动发作病史，是否持续性，肺静脉是否被完全隔离有关，术者通过学习曲线将能进一步提高手术成功率及降低并发症。     

CARTO系统指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的初步探讨

目的总结三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下环肺静脉前庭电学隔离治疗心房颤动的临床意义。方法12例患者（其中阵发性房颤8例，持续性房颤4例）接收手术，阵发房颤采用Pappone术式，持续性房颤采用联合Pappone及Nademanee术式。术后随访5—18个月。结果所有患者均成功达到消融终点，1例患者复发房颤。结论三维标测系统指导下采用Pappone及Nademanee术式治疗房颤是安全可靠的。     

Evaluation of thrombotic children with malignancy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate inherited and acquired prothrombotic risk factors among children with malignancies who have thrombosis and emphasize the importance of inherited prothrombotic risk factors. Thirty-seven consecutive children with thrombosis and malignancy were included in this study. The patients were evaluated separately for time of development of thrombosis, insertion of a central venous line (CVL), history of l-asparaginase usage, and recent infections. Prothrombotic risk factors such as factor V G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutation, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III deficiencies, factor VIII and lipoprotein(a) elevation, and antiphospholipid antibodies were analyzed for all patients. Of 387 children with thrombosis, 37 (9.5%) had a malignancy. Thrombosis was detected in 9 patients at the time of diagnosis, during maintenance therapy in 25 patients, and after the discontinuation of treatment in 3 patients. One or two additional prothrombotic risk factors other than l-asparaginase therapy and insertion of central venous lines were present in 20 of these patients (54%). It was found that eight patients had the factor V G1691A mutation in the heterozygote state. One of them had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with a history of infection and one patient had the factor V G1691A mutation associated with factor VIII elevation. One had the the prothrombin G20210A mutation in the heterozygote state, four had lipoprotein(a) elevation, two had factor VIII elevation, one had a decreased protein S level, one had a decreased protein C level, one had antiphospholipid positivity, and two had histories of infection. Malignancy is an important risk factor for the development of childhood thrombosis. However, the risk of thrombosis increases when accompanied by additional prothrombotic risk factors. For this reason, especially children with malignancy and at high risk for the development of thrombosis, such as those who have received l-asparaginase or a replaced CVL during their therapy, might be screened for additional prothrombotic risk factors and appropriate measures might be taken to prevent the development of thrombosis.     

经特殊途径封堵动脉导管未闭3例的临床分析

目的:通过特殊途径放置封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭（PDA）。方法:3例PDA患者,均并发下腔静脉肝下段缺如、奇静脉开放,1例同时并发镜像右位心,经股静脉不能直接到达右心房而采用颈内静脉、锁骨下静脉和降主动脉3种不同的途径封堵PDA。结果:3例均封堵成功,术后5min主动脉弓降部造影显示封堵完全,术后1d、3个月、6个月复查超声心动图无残余分流。结论:可通过特殊途径经心导管封堵并发下腔静脉肝下段缺如的PDA患者。     

Linear lesions for treating the recurrence of persistent atrial tachyarrhythmia after cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation

Overall, 133 patients underwent 170 procedures for the treatment of persistent ATa following an index cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (n = 715). After all the procedures, > 90% of the patients had a roof line, a mitral isthmus and/or septal line, and a cavotricuspid isthmus line. Ninety-two patients (69.2%) were in sinus rhythm after a median of 36 months since the index cryoballoon PVI. ATa: atrial tachyarrhythmia; cryo: cryoballoon; CTI: cavotricuspid isthmus; LSPV: left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV: left inferior pulmonary vein; PVI: pulmonary vein isolation; RF: radiofrequency; RSPV: right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: right inferior pulmonary vein.