超声检测颈动脉对冠心病的预诊断价值

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的关系。方法对91例冠心病的患者行冠状动脉造影和颈动脉超声检查。分为对照(CON)组、稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组。结果SAP组和UAP组的IMT值、颈动脉硬化和斑块形成的阳性率均明显高于CON组(P<0.01);冠脉单支和多支病变组与CON组比较上述指标亦有明显增高(P<0.01);UAP组不稳定型斑块比例显著高于SAP组(P<0.01)。比较两者的检出率,颈动脉硬化具有较高的敏感度,特异性偏低;而粥样斑块形成则有较高的特异性,敏感度较低,阳性似然比、阴性似然比均高于颈动脉硬化。结论测定颈动脉壁厚度、粥样斑块及其性质,对冠心病的预测具有临床意义。     

他汀类与抗血小板药联合用药对缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的干预作用

目的:探讨缺血性脑血管病患者联合应用他汀类及抗血小板药对颈动脉粥样硬化和脑血管事件的干预作用。方法:选择146例缺血性脑血管病合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组74例,应用氟伐他汀(每晚40mg)和拜阿斯匹灵(100mg/d),对照组72例,仅给拜阿斯匹灵(100mg/d)。共随访2年,分别在治疗前,治疗后6月、12月、18月、24月检测血脂,颈动脉内-中膜厚度,颈动脉斑块积分。结果:治疗组平均颈动脉内-中膜厚度和颈动脉斑块积分,治疗前分别为(1.22±0.19)mm和4.4±2.5,治疗后分别为(0.87±0.15)mm和2.8±1.1,治疗前后比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。随访结束时,治疗组缺血性脑血管病复发率9.5%,与对照组复发率(26.3%)相比明显下降。结论:联合应用他汀类及抗血小板药能延缓和逆转缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的进展,对缺血性脑血管病的复发有很好的预防作用,且不增加脑出血发生率。     

阿卡波糖对糖耐量减低者早期干预的影响

目的比较不同糖耐量水平者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)和血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平;观察糖耐量减低(IGT)者应用阿卡波糖早期干预后的变化。方法256例受试者,行口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)并以1997年ADA定义分三组:糖耐量正常(NGT)组、糖调节受损(IGR)组和2型糖尿病(T2DM)组。测定颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度。将IGR组中的IGT及空腹血糖受损(IFG)+IGT患者随机分为治疗组(应用阿卡波糖)和对照组。结果(1)三组颈动脉IMT和血清CRP水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),Spearman等级相关分析显示颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度和糖耐量水平呈负相关(P<0.01)。(2)治疗16周后,治疗组与对照组相比颈动脉IMT及血清CRP浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论IGR程度越重,动脉粥样硬化(AS)病变也越重;对IGT患者使用阿卡波糖早期干预可能有益于减缓AS的发生和发展。     

Cognitive disorders in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery: a systematic review of the literature

We present a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence, nature, severity, course, and causes of cognitive deficits in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery prior to surgery (if surgery was under discussion). Searches were carried out on Medline and Psychlit from 1980 to 1999 using neurovascular and psychological index terms, and papers and books were checked for further references. Studies describing neuropsychological assessment of groups of patients with carotid obstruction were included. Eighteen studies were found. We extracted from the papers data on study design, demographic characteristics of patients, clinical diagnosis, carotid obstruction, cerebral imaging, time interval between ischemic episode and neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological asessment procedures, integration and interpretation of test performances, and conclusions of authors. Fourteen studies concluded that there are cognitive deficits both in patients with symptomatic and in those with asymptomatic carotid obstruction; four studies denied cognitive impairment. There were no differences in patient characteristics, study design, or neuropsychological assessment procedures between the 14 studies that found deficits and the 4 that did not. There are indications for a mild, diffuse, detrimental effect of carotid occlusive disease on cognitive functioning. However, methodological problems prevent a definitive conclusion. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to ascertain the neurovascular risk factors for and the natural course of cognitive impairment in patients with carotid occlusive disease. Received: 12 July 1999/Received in revised form: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 26 January 2000     

Increased carotid intima–media thickness in the absence of atherosclerotic plaques in an adult population with Fabry disease

Aim: Fabry disease is considered primarily as a progressive small vessel disease, with ischaemic degenerative lesions involving the kidneys, brain and heart. Macrovascular involvement in male patients includes an accelerated wall hypertrophy of the radial artery and a thickening of the intima–media of the common carotid artery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and severity of carotid artery atherosclerosis in hemizygous and heterozygous patients with Fabry disease, compared with a matched control population.
Methods: The common carotid artery intima–media thickness (IMT) of 53 patients with Fabry disease (24 men, 29 women) was measured by high-definition ultrasonography, and the presence or absence of atherosclerotic plaques reported. Results were compared with those of 120 age-matched healthy individuals (83 men, 37 women).
Results: The common carotid artery IMT was increased to the same extent in male and female patients with Fabry disease (706±211 µm and 749±395 µm, respectively) compared with that of the control population (614±113 µm). In the Fabry population, IMT did not correlate with either systolic blood pressure or with renal function (plasma creatinine). In the control population, only systolic blood pressure was positively and significantly correlated with IMT. Atherosclerotic plaques in the common carotid artery were not observed in any patient with Fabry disease, whereas 34% of the control population had carotid artery plaques, as evidenced by focal non-homogeneous intima–media thickening greater than 1.2 mm.
Conclusion: This study presents evidence of a major increase in common carotid artery IMT, both in hemizygous and heterozygous patients with Fabry disease, in the absence of focal atherosclerotic plaques. These results suggest that the conduit arteries may be protected from atherosclerosis in Fabry disease.     

牙周基础治疗对龈下菌斑中螺旋体及牙周状态影响的研究

目的：动态观测牙周基础治疗对龈下菌斑中螺旋体百分组成及牙周临床指标的影响。方法：对26例牙周病患者78个牙位的龈下菌斑用刚果红染色，计数螺旋体的百分比，记录牙周探诊深度，探诊出血指数和牙齿动度，分析治疗前后的变化。结果：龈上洁治及龈下刮治后1周，龈下菌斑中螺旋体百分比显著下降且牙周临床指数明显改善；刮治后2周，龈下菌斑中螺旋体百分比继续下降，但不具有显著性；刮治后3周，龈下菌斑中螺旋体百分比出现回升趋势。结论：牙周基础治疗是慢性牙周病有效治疗手段；牙周维护治疗对防止牙周再感染和牙周病的复发具有重要意义。     

COX基因多态性与缺血性卒中的相关性研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨环氧合酶(COX)代谢通路基因多态性及其与缺血性卒中发病率的关系。方法 将2013年2月~2015年11月在德阳市人民医院和温州医科大学第三附属医院神经内科住院经头颅CT和MRI检查确诊的299例急性缺血性卒中患者,根据彩超结果分为颈动脉易损斑块组（VP）94例、稳定斑块组（SP）74例和无斑块组（NP）131例;同时再分为颈动脉内膜增厚组（IT）108例和非内膜增厚组（NT）191例。使用聚合酶链反应和质谱分析测定基因多态性,包括前列腺素合酶1(PTGS1 rs1236913)、前列腺素H合酶2(PTGS2 rs689466)、血栓素A2合酶(TBXAS1 rs2267679、rs41708、rs194149)、前列腺素E合酶(PTGES2 rs6478818)、环前列腺素合成酶(PTGIS rs5602、rs5629)。结果 在易损斑块组和无斑块组之间TBXAS1 rs194149 GG基因型(P=00281),PTGIS rs5602 CT基因型(P=00319)存在显著差异。内膜增厚组和非内膜增厚组之间PTGS2 rs689466 GG基因型(P=00216)显示显著差异。多元回归分析显示,PTGIS的AA基因型(P=00308,OR:0275,95%CI:0079～0955)和PTGS2的AG+ GG基因型(P=00065,OR:2162,95%CI:1232～3795)是内膜增厚的破坏性因素。结论 COX的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与脑梗死的发病率存在相关性,PTGIS和PTGS2基因多态性与内膜增厚脑卒中患者相关。     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块稳定性的影响因素

【摘要】 目的 分析急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块情况,并探讨影响其斑块稳定性的相关危险因素。方法 选取2012年5月~2017年5月我院收治的128例急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析法分析所有患者的临床资料,根据资料可知所有患者均行颈动脉彩超及相关临床指标的检测以及一般临床资料的记录,分析检查和检测结果记录所有患者颈动脉硬化斑块形成以及其稳定情况和相关临床指标水平,并比较颈动脉硬化斑块不同稳定状况急性脑梗死患者上述资料的差异性,研究其与斑块稳定的相关性。结果 经颈动脉彩超检查结果可知,128例急性脑梗死患者均形成颈动脉硬化斑块,其中斑块稳定70例（5469%）,斑块不稳定58例（4531%）。两组患者在TC、TG、FPG和UA水平的比较上均无差异（P＞005）,但斑块不稳定的急性脑梗死患者Hcy、CyC、CRP、FIB、LDL以及IL 6和ICAM １水平均显著高于斑块稳定的急性脑梗死患者（P＜005）。非条件单因素Lgistic回归模型分析显示,急性脑梗死颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定患者中Hcy、CyC、CRP、FIB、LDL以及IL 6和ICAM １水平升高比例均显著高于斑块稳定患者（P＜005）。经非条件多因素Logistic回归模型分析得Hcy、CyC、CRP以及FIB水平升高均为导致急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 绝大部分急性脑梗死患者均存在颈动脉硬化斑块,且这些患者中有将近一半其斑块处于不稳定状态,而患者机体Hcy、CyC、CRP以及FIB表达水平过高均为导致急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素。     

心脑血脉宁对家兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型MMP-2＼TIMP-2表达的影响

[目的】探讨心脑血脉宁对家兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型基质金属蛋白酶一2（MMP-2）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子一2（TIMP一2）表达的影响。【方法】通过喂养高脂饲料和主动脉球囊内皮拉伤术复制动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型,实验分为模型组,假手术组,心脑血脉宁组,历时15周。处死后,取腹主动脉行苏木精一伊红（HE）染色,观察镜下病变,计数斑块破裂数,免疫组化方法检测MMP一2、TIMP一2蛋白含量。【结果】1）HE观察：假手术组镜下形态结构完整,模型组斑块中心可见大量脂核,斑块表面覆盖纤维帽,在斑块肩部可见残存泡沫细胞和大炎细胞浸润。心脑血脉宁组介于两者之间。2）免疫组化结果：与假手术组相比,模型组MMP一2、TIMP一2蛋白含量明显升高,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;心脑血脉宁组MMP一2与模型组比较表达降低,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,而TIMP一2含量与模型组相比有降低趋势,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;心脑血脉宁组能够有效降低两者比值,与模型组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。【结论】心脑血脉宁干预家兔动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型,能减少斑块破裂,其机制可能与降低斑块MMP一2含量以及调节MMP一2与TIMP一2比值有关。