参附注射液对心肺复苏大鼠心肌β肾上腺素受体活性的影响

目的 探讨参附注射液对心肺复苏SD大鼠心肌细胞β肾上腺素受体活性的影响.方法 实验在第二军医大学附属长征医院急救科实验室完成.SD雄性大鼠72只,随机分为9组(对照组:常规复苏0.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h组;参附治疗O.5 h,2 h,4 h,6 h组),每组8只.采用窒息合并冰氯化钾(0.5 mol/L)停跳液敛大鼠心搏骤停心肺复苏模型,心搏骤停5 min后开始心肺复苏,参附治疗组在心肺复苏的同时输入参附注射液(20 ml/kg).用3H-DHA放射性配基法测定心肌细胞β肾上腺素受体活性.所得数据以均数±标准差((-x)±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两组问比较采用q 检验.结果 大鼠心肌细胞β肾上腺索受体活性在心肺复苏后0.5 h达峰值(247.81±8.91)fmol/mg,4 h后下降至最低水平(104.17±13.87)fmol/mg,6 h 基本恢复正常(178.53±10.42)fmol/mg,参附组大鼠心肌细胞β肾上腺素受体活性在早期[0.5 h:25(9.91±18.09)fmol/mg]与对照组差异无统计学煮义(P>0.05),而在后期[2 h:(173.04 4±18.77)fmol/mg,4 h:(148.72±13.88)fmoL/mg]能显著提高大鼠心肌细胞β肾上腺素受体活性(P相似文献   

Who survives cardiac arrest in the intensive care units?

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors related to outcome regarding in–intensive care unit (ICU) cardiac arrest (IICA) in a university hospital.

Patients and Methods

Adult nontraumatic ICU patients who sustained IICA were prospectively enrolled. Several patient and event-related variables, as well as outcomes, were recorded and summarized based on the revised Utstein-style template.

Results

A total of 202 episodes of IICA happened during the study period. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved in 127 patients (62.9%), whereas the overall survival-to-discharge rate was 15.3% (31 patients). In univariate analysis, a shorter duration of resuscitation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) as initial arrest rhythm represented better outcomes. Independent predictors of survival to hospital discharge were VT/VF as the initial rhythm (odds ratio [OR], 3.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-9.67; P = .005), lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98, P = .008), and shorter resuscitation durations (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.96, P < .001).

Conclusion

Shorter resuscitation duration and initial VT/VF are predictors for both ROSC and hospital survival, whereas lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores predict the latter.     

Changes in internal medicine residents' attitudes about resuscitation after cardiac arrest over a decade

Background

Resident physicians' beliefs about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may impact their communication with patients about end-of-life care. We sought to understand how these perceptions and experiences have changed in the past decade because both medical education and American society have focused more on this domain.

Method

We surveyed 2 internal medicine resident cohorts at a large academic medical center in 1995 and 2005. Residents were asked of their beliefs about survival after CPR, perceived patient understanding, and regret after attempted resuscitation. Residents in 2005 reported more numerical experience with CPR. Current internal medicine residents are more optimistic than the 1995 cohort about survival after an inpatient cardiac arrest. They believe that far fewer patients and families understand resuscitation but report less regret about attempting to resuscitate patients.

Conclusions

These pilot data reveal potential changes in the attitudes of resident physicians toward CPR. The perceived poor understanding among decision makers calls into question the standard of informed consent. Despite this, residents report less regret leading one to ask what factors may underlie this response.     

Effect of Open Heart Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Children

Children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) operations have an increased risk for the development of immunosuppression and severe infection. Lymphocyte apoptosis plays an important role in regulating immune responses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of open heart surgery with CPB on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) apoptosis and the possible mechanism of lymphocyte apoptosis in infants and young children. This study enrolled 20 consecutive infants and children as a CPB group and 20 age-matched children who underwent patent arterial duct closure without CPB as control subjects. Samples were taken from peripheral blood after induction of anesthesia (preoperatively) and again 24 h after the operations. The degree of apoptosis and the expression level of Fas (CD95) on PBL were measured using flow cytometry. The percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis significantly increased after surgery in both groups, but it was much higher in the children with CPB than in those without CPB (14.46% ± 4.83% vs. 7.33% ± 1.43%; p < 0.01). The expression level of Fas in the individuals with CPB was significantly higher than in those without CPB (52.80% ± 8.80% vs. 37.82% ± 6.32%; p < 0.01). As shown by the study findings, both surgical stress and CPB can induce PBL apoptosis, which may lead to lymphopenia after open heart surgery with CPB for infants and young children.     

含乌司他丁肺保护液在心肺转流术中的肺保护作用

目的 评价在先心病伴肺动脉高压患儿心肺转流术期间,从肺动脉灌注含乌司他丁的低温肺保护液对肺脏的保护作用.方法 选择2005-09-2006-12浙江大学医学院附属儿章医院心胸外科收治的左向右分流先心病伴中重度肺动脉高压的患儿54例,中重度肺动脉高压以肺动脉收缩压/体循环收缩压>0.45为标准,手术前有感染征像(白细胞>12 000/μL,体温>38℃,C-反应蛋白>8mg/L)、过敏史者除外.采用抽签法随机分为三组,各18例,A组为对照组(术中未给予肺保护液),B组在术中经肺动脉灌注不含乌司他丁的低温肺保护液,C组在术中经肺动脉灌注含乌司他丁的低温肺保护液.在开胸后及回ICU后0 h,3 h,6 h,24 h(T1～5)五个时点抽取桡动脉血样,测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)浓度;在T1～4计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差(A-aDO2)、肺动态顺应性(Cd).记录呼吸机辅助通气时间.采用SPSS 12.0统计软件对计量指标进行统计分析,资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较用LSD法检验,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 三组患儿回ICU后各时点(T2-5)MDA、MPO值均较T1升高;与A组相比:B组在T4时点MDA、MPO[分别为(7.66±1.42)pg/mL,(194.2±35.41)U/L]显著降低(P<0.05),组C在T3-T5时点MDA[分别为(5.37±1.01)pg/mL,(7.52±0.98)pg/mL,(6.22±0.83)pg/mL]及在T4时点MPO(184.2±35.41)U/L均显著降低;两干预组(B组和C组)各时间点MDA和MPO差异无统计学意义.三组术后A-aDO2升高;与A组相比:B组与C组在T3、T4时点小,但C组在T4时点A-aDO2(72.9±23.94)mmHg较组B(89.2±24.28)mmHg低,差异具有统计学意义.三组术后Cd降低;与A组相比:B组在T3时点[(0.57±0.16)mL·cmH2O-1·kg-1]、C组在T3和T4时点[(0.56 ±0.12)mL·cmH2O-1·kg-1,(0.60±0.11)mL·cmH2O-1·kg-1]高;B组与C组在T4时点Cd差异具有统计学意义.B组与C组呼吸机通气时间较A组短,但两干预组之间差异无统计学意义.结论 低温肺保护液可减轻体外循环对肺的损伤,改善术后早期肺功能,肺保护液中加入乌司他丁对肺脏的保护作用更具有显著性.     

公众心肺复苏培训效果评价工具的研制和信效度分析

目的通过对公众心肺复苏知识测试卷和心肺复苏技能评价表的信效度分析,为公众心肺复苏培训的效果评价建立良好的评价工具。方法在大量查闻中英文文献的基础上,初步建立了公众心肺复苏知识测试卷（包含A、B两卷）和技能评价表的条目。通过专家法对试卷和评价表进行了内容效度的分析。公众心肺复苏知识测试卷和技能评价表又分别采用重测信度、复本信度和评分者间信度分析法对该工具进行了信度的检验。结果公众心肺复苏知识测试卷和心肺复苏技能评价表中每个条目的内容效度指数（CVI）均在o．9—1．0之间,抽样效度分别为91％和93％。公众心肺复苏知识测试卷的重测信度分别为r=0．824和r=0．850。试卷A和试卷B的复本信度值栅．752。2位考核员心肺复苏技能评价表评分的相关系数r=0．764;操作评分的组内相关系数分析ICC值为0．861,P〈0．001;操作合格判定的一致性Kappa值为0．807,P〈0．001。结论公众心肺复苏知识测试卷和心肺复苏技能评价表的信效度良好,可以在公众心肺复苏培训中对受训者的理论和技能做出合理的评价。     

抑肽酶抑制体外循环及心肌缺血再灌注过程中炎性因子ET-1、IL-8的释放

 目的 研究抑肽酶在体外循环及心肌缺血再灌注过程中对炎性因子冠状窦血清中内皮素-1(ET-1)、白介素-8(IL-8)释放的抑制作用。方法 健康幼牛12头,随机分成对照组及抑肽酶组,模拟临床低温体外循环手术,冷晶体灌注心脏停跳,采用放免法测定两组周围动脉及ET-1、IL-8浓度,并进行对比。结果 开放后抑肽酶组ET-1及IL-8浓度显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。开放60min时抑肽酶组ET-1浓度与开放30 min相比已开始下降(P＜0.05),而对照组无明显下降(P＞0.05)。开放60min时抑肽酶组IL-8浓度与开放30min相比无继续升高的趋势(P＞0.05),而对照组仍继续升高(P＜0.05)。结论抑肽酶可以显著抑制体外循环及心肌缺血再灌注过程中炎性因子ET-1、IL-8的释放。     

大剂量血管加压素在心肺复苏中的应用观察

目的 研究大剂量血管加压素在心肺复苏中的疗效.方法 47例心跳停搏患者随机分为3组,肾上腺素标准剂量组(A组)17例,血管加压素40u+标准剂量肾上腺素组(B组)14例,大剂量血管加压素80U+标准剂量.肾上腺素组(C组)16例.各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率、自主循环恢复时间.结果 A组、B组、C组自主循环恢复率分别为17.6%、50%、56.3%,B组、C组明显高于A组,C组存活率(31.3%)显著高于A组(5.9%)、B组(14.3%);B组、C组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于A组.结论 心肺复苏期间,联合应用大剂量血管加压素和肾上腺素比单独应用标准剂量肾上腺素、血管加压素40U+标准剂量肾上腺素能显著缩短自主循环恢复时间,提高自主循环恢复率和存活率.     

心肺复苏期间患者缺血-再灌流损伤的临床研究

目的：探讨心脏复苏期间患者缺血－再灌流损伤的机制,方法：20例心搏骤停行心肺复苏术患者,根据复苏后有无自主循环分为缺血组（8例）和再灌流组（12例）。并于复苏前,复苏后即刻,15min,30min时分别测定其血中丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的浓度,比较两组患者血中上述指标的动态变化,并设正常对照组,结果：再灌流组MDA浓度较心博骤停前明显增高,尤以30min时增高显著,且明显高于缺血组,SOD浓度较心搏骤停前明显下降,尤以复苏后即刻下降显著,且明显低于缺血组,缺血组实施心肺复苏术前后MDA,SOD浓度无明显变化。结论：MDA和SOD在缺血－再灌流损伤中起着重要作用。动态监测血中MDA,SOD浓度对评估心肺复苏期间患者的再灌流损伤程度有参考价值。     

院内复苏Utstein模式的临床应用

目的：对国外推荐的院内Utstein模式的适用性及影响复苏预后有关因素等进行初步的探讨。方法：前瞻性地研究本部门一年内心肺复苏抢救的情况。结果：（1）2000年中山医附一院急诊科内执行内肺复苏抢救228例;属于心源性起病者64例,6例（9．4％）存活出院;心源性患者中以室颤为初始心电图者21例,4例（19．0％）存活出院。（2）心源性发病,心室颤为初始心电图,气管插管是影响预后的有利因素,开始复苏间期,开始使用肾上腺素间期,开始除颤间期越短,预后越好。结论：（1）此模式在应用于本部门的心肺复苏研究过程中体现出较好的可行性。（2）为了提高心肺复苏的成功率,对确诊为心搏骤停的患者应尽早开始复苏,尽早使用肾上腺素,室颤患者应尽早行电击除颤,经基本生命支持尚未实现自主呼吸者宜行气管插管。