Nebulized hypertonic saline treatment in hospitalized children with moderate to severe viral bronchiolitis

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of frequently inhaled nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) in infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis. One hundred and twenty-six infants were randomized to receive either nebulized 3% hypertonic saline (HS) or 0.9% normal saline (NS), but only 112 patients completed the whole study. Cough, wheezing, pulmonary physical signs, clinical severity scores and the hospital length of stay (LOS) were recorded. The wheezing remission time was 4.8 ± 1.0 days in the NS group and 3.6 ± 0.9 days in the HS group (p <0.01). The cough remission time was 5.5 ± 0.9 days in the NS group and 4.3 ± 0.7 days in the HS group (p <0.01). The moist crackles disappeared at 6.2 ± 0.7 days in the NS group and at 4.4 ± 0.9 days in the HS group (p <0.01). The clinical severity scores decreased more significantly in the HS group than in the NS group on each day within 96 h after enrolment (p <0.01). The LOS decreased from 6.4 ± 1.4 days in the NS group to 4.8 ± 1.2 days in the HS group (p <0.01). The treatment was well tolerated, with no adverse effects attributable to nebulized HS. The conclusions are that frequently inhaled HS relieved symptoms and signs faster than NS, and shortened LOS significantly for infants with moderate to severe bronchiolitis, without apparent adverse effects.     

大蒜食醋复方溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭效果的研究

目的观察大蒜与食醋溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果。方法应用悬液定量杀菌试验方法进行了实验研究。结果单独用大蒜汁原液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用30 m in,平均杀灭率仅为26.24%;单独用体积分数12.5%的食醋对金黄色葡萄球菌作用10 m in,杀灭率为100%。用含体积分数1.57%大蒜液与体积分数3.13%食醋复方溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用5 m in,杀灭率为100%。菌悬液中含体积分数25%小牛血清明显影响大蒜食醋的杀菌效果。结论大蒜与食醋协同作用,其杀菌效果明显好于单独大蒜液或食醋,有机物对其杀菌效果有明显影响。     

单脉冲和双脉冲液电式体外冲击波粉碎结石术的数值模拟

目的通过数值模拟研究体外冲击波粉碎结石术(extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL)中单脉冲与双脉冲两种不同情况下的压力场,并对两者结果进行比较和分析。方法利用2D轴对称Euler方程和混合网格改进的时空守恒元解元(space-time conservation element and solution element,CE/SE)数值格式,对ESWL中冲击波水下传播的压力场进行模拟。结果 CE/SE方法成功地追踪了冲击波波阵面传播情况,数值解较好地展示了ESWL焦点附近的冲击波聚焦特性:在焦点附近双脉冲产生的压力峰值约为单脉冲的两倍,越靠近焦点处双脉冲ESWL所得到的碎石效率相较于单脉冲时越高,且在焦点附近产生正压随后出现了绝对值极高的负压。结论采用液电双脉冲波源机型能够有效地提高碎石效率,并且冲击波聚焦时出现空化是不可避免的。上述结论为ESWL碎石机的设计制造及临床应用提供了可靠的数值模拟结果。     

Right parietal brain activity precedes perceptual alternation during binocular rivalry

We investigated perceptual reversals for intermittently presented stimuli during binocular rivalry and physical alternation while the ongoing EEG was recorded from 64 channels. EEG topographies immediately preceding stimulus‐onset were analyzed and two topographies doubly dissociated perceptual reversals from non‐reversals. The estimated intracranial generators associated with these topographies were stronger in right inferior parietal cortex and weaker bilaterally in the ventral stream before perceptual reversals. No such differences were found for physical alternation of the same stimuli. These results replicate and extend findings from a previous study with the Necker cube and suggest common neural mechanisms associated with perceptual reversals during binocular rivalry and ambiguous figure perception. For both types of multi‐stable stimuli, the dorsal stream is more active preceding perceptual reversals. Activity in the ventral stream, however, differed for binocular rivalry compared to ambiguous figures. The results from the two studies suggest a causal role for the right inferior parietal cortex in generating perceptual reversals regardless of the type of multi‐stable stimulus, while activity in the ventral stream appears to depend on the particular type of stimulus. Hum Brain Mapp 32:1432–1442, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Incidence and clinical significance of bacterial and fungal contamination of the preservation solution in liver transplantation

M. Audet, T. Piardi, F. Panaro, E. Ghislotti, F. Gheza, M. Cag, T.M. Jarzembowski, H. Flicoteaux, P. Wolf, J. Cinqualbre. Incidence and clinical significance of bacterial and fungal contamination of the preservation solution in liver transplantation.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 84–88. All rights reserved Abstract: A perfusion fluid used in the preservation of the grafted liver represents a medium suitable for microorganism growth. In this observational study, a sample of 232 transplanted livers was collected. Perfusion fluid samples were stored for microbiological analysis from harvested donors. Bacteria were isolated in 91 out of 232 samples, post‐operative infections related to contaminated perfusion solution occurred in 13 cases. The contamination rate of the preservation medium appears to be high, but postoperative infections occurs rarely. We suggest periodic detection and a protocol in place designed for antibiotic use for transplanted patients exposed to contaminated perfusion solution.     

利培酮口服液治疗首发精神分裂症急性期对照观察

目的:探讨利培酮13服液治疗首发精神分裂症急性期的疗效和安全性.方法:96例精神分裂症的急性期患者随机分为两组,分别给予利培酮口服液(研究组,n=49)和氯氮平(对照组,n=47)单药治疗4周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床疗效,临床总体印象量表(CGI-SI)评定病情严重程度,治疗中出现的症状量表(TE...     

新鲜人关节软骨试件在体外不同环境下退变的组织学观察

背景：采用新鲜人软骨试件是进行生物力学实验的最佳选择,但当实验不能及时完成时,何种保存方法能最大限度地保护软骨样本,使其退变达到对实验影响最小是关键。 目的：观察新鲜人关节软骨试件在体外不同环境下的组织学变化,寻找试件最佳保存方法和时间。 方法：将新鲜人关节软骨试件分为4组：正常对照组,以软骨用固定液固定;空气暴露组,暴露于空气;生理盐水组,以浸湿的生理盐水纱布包裹,滴注生理盐水;林格氏液组,以浸湿的林格氏液纱布包裹,滴注林格氏液。处理后1,2,3 h,进行苏木精-伊红染色、Masson三色染色法、番红O染色。 结果与结论：染色结果显示,生理盐水或林格氏液滴注1 h,关节软骨表面无明显改变,3 h后则出现较明显的变化,软骨表面出现明显的粗糙纤维,排列紊乱,并可见较多的裂隙。空气暴露1 h软骨表面即已出现皲裂,3 h后已失去关节软骨表面的田埂样外观,出现甚大裂隙和纤维暴露,产生软骨损伤。提示以生理盐水或林格氏液纱布包裹新鲜人离体关节软骨试件均是有效的处理方法,并且软骨保存时间最好在离体后2 h内。     

5000/高氧液对大鼠肝移植的保护作用研究

目的 探讨高氧液对大鼠肝移植的保护作用。方法 40只SPF级Wistar 大鼠,随机分成2组,实验组实验高氧液灌注,对照组使用普通林格液灌注,比较两组灌注末、术后第1天、7天透明质酸、转氨酶、CD8+CD28-T细胞的变化,比较两组术后肝组织病理急性排斥评分。结果 术前两组无统计学差异,术后实验组透明质酸（87.9±6.3;65.4±5.1）、转氨酶（130.3±20.8;87.44±7.2）低于对照组（351.4±53.9;105.5±49.6）、（283.9±24.7;111.7±27.7）,CD8+CD28-T细胞（11.84±0.73; 14.76±0.62）高于对照组（6.22±0.2; 8.66±0.29）,（p<0.05）结论高氧液可减轻缺血再灌注损伤,对大鼠肝移植有一定的保护作用。     

上颌骨LefortⅠ型截骨中高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液的应用

背景：随着日益严重的血液污染问题和输血相关疾病,血液保护的课题受到了国内外的广泛关注。 目的：观察高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(高渗晶胶液)用于上颌骨LefortⅠ型截骨前急性高容量血液稀释的血液保护作用。 方法：40例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20例。均采用气管插管全麻,实验组于麻醉后切皮前输入高渗晶胶液 4 mL/kg以10 mL/min的速度输注,于30 min内完成。对照组则不作任何处理。分别于急性高容量血液稀释前(T0)、急性高容量血液稀释后(T1)、急性高容量血液稀释后30 min(T2),60 min(T3),3 h(T4)、术后1 d(T5)、术后3 d(T6)抽血查血常规(包括红细胞压积、血红蛋白、血小板计数)及凝血功能(包括血小板、部分凝血活酶时间、纤维蛋白原),并记录术中输血量、输液量、出血量及尿量。 结果与结论：40例患者均进入结果分析。与对照组相比,实验组的输注异体血数量较少(P < 0.05),尿量较多(P < 0.05);两组患者术中输液量及失血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组患者行控制性降压后,T2、T3的心率较T1明显升高(P < 0.05),T2、T3的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压较T1明显降低(P < 0.05)。在T1、T2、T3时间点,实验组心率较对照组明显升高(P < 0.05)。两组患者的中心静脉压各时间点差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。经过急性高容量血液稀释后T1、T2、T3、T4时间点,实验组血红蛋白、血球压积较对照组明显降低(P < 0.05);血小板计数、部分凝血活酶时间较对照组明显延长(P < 0.05)。T1、T2时间点,实验组Na+、Cl-较对照组明显升高(P < 0.05);T5、T6时间点,实验组的血红蛋白、血球压积较对照组明显升高(P < 0.05)。提示高渗晶胶液用于上颌骨LefortⅠ型截骨前急性高容量血液稀释可明显减少或避免输注异体血。