Chemical Characterization of Macrophage Cytotoxicity Factor,Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor,T-Helper Cell-Replacing Factor and Colony-Stimulating Factor from Culture Supernatants of Concanavalin A-Stimulated Murine Spleen Cells

Supernatants from Concanavalin A-stimulated murine spleen cells were subjected to hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. Macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), T-helper cell-replacing factor (TRF) and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) were bound at high ionic strength and were released stepwise at low ionic strength. CSF thus could be separated from MCF, MIF and TRF and the bulk of other proteins. Chromatography of pools containing MCF, MIF and TRF on Sephadex did not lead to a separation of the three activities which were all found in a molecular weight range of 25.000-55.000. Isoelectric focusing of these pools in pH range from 4 to 9 gave two peaks for MCF at pH 8.2 and 7.2, whereas MIF activity focused from pH 4.5 to 5.5. TRF activity was found in a single sharp peak at pH 5.3. The results demonstrate that the four biological activities can be distinguished on a chemical basis and are accessible for purification and chemical characterization.     

Effect of insulin on sex differences in the intake of glucose solutions in rats

Adult male and female Wistar rats maintained on ad lib diet were given a choice between tap water and a solution of glucose in the concentration of either 5 or 12%. Both sexes exhibited a marked preference for glucose solutions. With the 5% solution the volume intake was similar in both sexes and the total calorie intake was normal. With the 12% solution the volume intake was higher in females than in males, while in both sexes the total calorie intake was increased to a similar (maximum acceptable) level. Treatment with Protamine Zinc Insulin (PZI) in a daily dose of 40 U/kg b.w. markedly increased the intake of the 5% solution in both sexes, but significantly more in females than in males, thus revealing sex differences which were not manifest in untreated rats. PZI treatment had little effect on 12% glucose solution intake, presumably because with this solution the total calorie intake was increased to a maximum already in untreated rats.     

器官保存液培养阳性率、病原菌分布及临床意义研究

 目的 了解器官保存液（PS）微生物培养结果与受者移植后感染情况。方法 回顾性收集2016年6月—2020年12月上海某三甲医院485例器官移植患者器官PS微生物培养结果,根据器官PS培养结果将受者分为阳性组和阴性组,阳性组依据不同菌株进一步分组,分析不同组患者移植后3个月内的感染情况。结果 485例器官移植患者中,221例PS培养阳性,阳性率为45.57%,其中单一菌种142例（64.25%）,2种菌54例（24.43%）,≥3种菌25例（11.31%）。共分离病原菌327株,居前3位的是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（67株,20.49%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（37株,11.31%）和大肠埃希菌（27株,8.26%）。分离出常见多重耐药菌47株（14.37%）,其中耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）20株（42.55%）,耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌18株（38.29%）。阳性组患者移植后感染率（12.22%,27/221）数值高于阴性组（6.82%,18/264）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0.243）;≥3种菌组患者移植后感染率为32.00%（8/25）,高于单一菌组的9.15%（13/142）（P=0.004）;CRKP、白念珠菌阳性组患者移植后感染率分别为45.00%（9/20）、21.74%（5/23）,均高于其他病原菌组的8.20%（15/183）（P值分别为<0.001、0.034）。结论 常规监测器官PS培养结果对移植后感染防控具有指导意义,若PS培养CRKP、酵母菌或念珠菌阳性,建议立即进行相应抗感染的治疗。     

固相微萃取技术测定塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯

目的　探讨塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 (DEHP)的测定方法。方法　采用聚硅氧烷和富勒烯聚二甲基硅氧烷混合固定相自制萃取头 ,利用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术 (HS -SPME -GC)分析塑料浸取液中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯 ,研究萃取时间、热解吸时间、溶液的酸碱度和离子强度等因素对方法灵敏度的影响 ,并与商用聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS)萃取头比较。结果　该萃取头的萃取选择性优于PDMS萃取头 ,方法具有良好的线性范围(0 .4～ 5 0 0 μg·L-1) ,最低检出限为 0 .15 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为 4.9% (n =6 )。结论　固相微萃取技术分析水样中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯具有高效、灵敏、操作简单、无需溶剂等优点。     

庆大霉素分泌过程的初步研究

应用恒温系统及缓冲液体系,考察了温度及pH值分泌过程的影响,然后在此基础上又讨论了添加葡萄糖、金属离子Fe^2 、K^ 和Mn^2 以及超声波和微波处理的效果,实验发现,pH＝7．4,温度34℃,以及添加5g／LKCl或50mg／LMnSO4都能刺激庆大霉素的分泌。     

从喜树叶中碱法提取喜树碱新工艺

目的探讨以喜树为原料提取喜树碱的工艺条件.方法通过均匀试验设计法.结果确定了以稀NaOH溶液为溶剂提取喜树碱的最佳工艺条件提取溶剂浓度为0.3%,提取时间为3 h,NaOH溶液用量1 6 mL/g原料·次.结论首次研究了以稀NaOH溶液为喜树碱提取溶剂,从很少被利用的喜树叶中提取喜树碱的工艺条件.结果表明喜树叶的喜树碱提取率达到0.1%以上,是一个较好的喜树碱提取原料.利用此方法提取喜树碱生产成本低、提取率高、防火等级低,是相对于乙醇提取更为优秀的喜树碱提取方法.     

磷酸肌酸停搏液对缺血心肌的保护作用

目的 探讨外源性磷酸肌酸（creatine phosphate,CP）在心脏直视手术中作为添加剂加入心脏停搏液中对缺血心肌的保护作用。方法 66例接受心内直视手术的患者分为对照组（I组）及试验组（Ⅱ组）,各33例。I组使用冷晶体停搏液,Ⅱ组在I组停搏液中加入CP。于不同时段取血样检测5种心肌酶的含量。结果 两组心肌酶含量,术前差异无显著性;术后Ⅱ组心肌酶谱上升幅度低于I组,而下降速度则快于I组。结论 外源性CP加入心脏停搏液中对心肌具有良好的保护作用。     

磷酸肌酸心脏停搏液心肌保护临床观察

目的研究磷酸肌酸对缺血/再灌注损伤心肌的保护机制.方法对16例进行双瓣膜替换术的患者,随机分成两组(各8例)对照组(单晶体停搏液组)和实验组(晶体停搏液中加入磷酸肌酸10mmol/L);分别于主动脉阻断前,开放后5、15、30、60、120min抽血测定乳酸(LA)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD);于阻断前,开放后2、24和48h测定心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT);两组部分患者于心脏阻断后即刻和主动脉开放前1min,取左心房心肌做电镜检查.结果开放后5、15、30min时实验组LA、MDA含量明显低于对照组(分别为P＜0.05、O.01),SOD活性保持明显高于对照组(P<0.05),XOD组间无明显差异;开放后2、24、48h实验组cTnT显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).心肌超微结构结果为对照组线粒体改变较实验组明显(2.725±0.832和l.872±0.542,P＜0.001).结论磷酸肌酸具有为心肌细胞提供能量、保护细胞膜完整、维持心肌收缩蛋白正常的作用,可减轻心肌缺血/再于灌注损伤.     

基于一测多评多组分定量质控联合主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析及熵权逼近理想解排序法的盐沙苑子饮片综合质量评价

目的 建立一测多评（quantitative analysis of multicomponents by single-marker,QAMS）法同时检测盐沙苑子饮片中杨梅素、扁蓄苷、杨梅素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、西伯利亚落叶松黄酮、沙苑子苷B、沙苑子苷A、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、鼠李柠檬素、豆甾醇、胡萝卜苷、β-谷甾醇含量的方法,并采用主成分分析法（principal component analysis,PCA）、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）法及熵权逼近理想解排序（entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,EW-TOPSIS）法对其质量进行评价。方法 采用Lichrospher C18色谱柱;乙腈-0.2%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。以沙苑子苷A为内参物,建立内参物与其他12个待测成分的相对校正因子（relative co...     

Finite-element model of the human head: scalp potentials due to dipole sources

Three-dimensional finite-element models provide a method to study the relationship between human scalp potentials and neural current sources inside the brain. A new formulation of dipole-like current sources is developed here. Finiteelement analyses based on this formulation are carried out for both a threeconcentric-spheres model and a human-head model. Differences in calculated scalp potentials between these two models are studied in the context of the forward and inverse problems in EEG. The effects of the eye orbit structure on surface potential distribution are also studied.