胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的治疗效果

目的探讨胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的治疗效果。方法统计分析该院2013年1月至2014年9月收治的60例老年AECOPD患者的临床资料。结果研究组患者的1s用力呼气量(FEV1)和FEV1%均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);临床症状和生活质量评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗的总有效率96.7%(29/30)明显高于对照组66.7%(20/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胸腺肽联合抗菌药物对老年AECOPD的治疗效果明显,值得推广。     

Rapid detection of antibiotic resistance by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using a novel direct-on-target microdroplet growth assay

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a universal phenotypic method, which allows easy and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing independently of underlying resistance mechanisms.MethodsWe established a novel direct-on-target microdroplet growth assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance within a few hours, which is based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The microorganisms were incubated with and without meropenem in nutrient broth as microdroplets directly on MALDI-TOF MS target. Subsequently, broth was separated from microbial cells by contacting the microdroplets with an absorptive material. The microorganisms grown in the presence of antibiotic were detected by MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 24 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 24 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were used to assess performance for detection of meropenem resistance. The microdroplet volumes investigated were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 μL.ResultsThe best performance was achieved using 6-μL microdroplets. Applying this volume, all growth controls were successfully detected (definition of valid test), and all isolates were correctly categorized as susceptible or non-susceptible after an 18-h incubation. For K. pneumoniae, rate of valid tests, sensitivity and specificity all reached 100% after a 4-h incubation of 6-μL microdroplets. Using the same microdroplet volume for P. aeruginosa, incubation for 5 h resulted in 83.3% of valid tests with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionsWe demonstrated easy, rapid and accurate resistance detection using carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria as an example. Our technology is suitable for automatization and expandable to further applications, e.g. simultaneous testing of multiple antibiotics as well as resistance determination directly from clinical samples.     

Haematogenous Osteomyelitis of the Patella: Report of Three Cases

Three cases of osteomyelitis of the patella are reported. One presented as an acute septic arthritis and another developed a sterile arthritis despite antibiotics. The clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Treatment with rest and antibiotics failed to cure the disease. in all three cases a sequestrectomy was carried out resulting in healing of the affected patella and recovery of knee mobility.     

72例疝修补术患者预防用抗菌药物分析

目的:分析常熟市第一人民医院腹外疝患者围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物的情况,为合理用药提供参考。方法:采取回顾性分析方法,抽查该医院2011年7—8月间腹股沟疝手术患者出院病历72份,填写患者基本情况和用药情况调查表并进行统计分析。结果:72例患者中,42例使用了抗菌药物且都为静脉给药,抗菌药物预防用药率为58.33%(42/72),有指证用药占85.71%(36/42),给药时机合理率64.29%(27/42),术后48h内停药28例(66.67%),平均用药时间(2.13±1.38)d,抗菌药物品种以β-内酰胺类使用频率最高,无使用喹诺酮类抗菌药物现象。结论:腹外疝手术围手术期预防用抗菌药物在用药指证、品种选择、用药时机等方面较合理,但仍需改进。